2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷88

《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷88》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷88（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following part into Chinese.My fellow American, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what American will do for you. but what together we can do for the freedom of man

2、. Finally, whether you are citizens American or citizens of the world ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.【答案】美国同胞们，不要问国家

3、能为你们做些什么、而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家公民，你们应要求我们献出我们同样要求于你们的高度力量和牺牲。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。2. 单选题The chairperson of a womans club being addressed by Adlai Stevenson during his campaign indulged in a lengthy introduction full of （ ）

4、remarks.问题1选项A.laudatoryB.lasciviousC.languishD.lethargic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项laudatory“赞美的；赞赏的；称赞的”；B选项lascivious“好色的；淫荡的；挑动情欲的”；C选项languish“憔悴；凋萎；失去活力；苦思”；D选项lethargic“无精打采的，懒洋洋的；昏睡的”。句意：阿德莱史蒂文森(Adlai Stevenson)在竞选期间对妇女俱乐部主席发表了长篇介绍，充满了赞美之词。本句表示“对妇女俱乐部主席发表长篇介绍”，则空格处应填入一个表示褒义的形容词，因此A选项正确。3. 不定项选择题Eve

5、ry day 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and

6、large, however, the nations school children are transported to and from school safe.Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to

7、 be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory.People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations - argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of usi

8、ng them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traf

9、fic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977. They also believe that many children wont wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety

10、 devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts. The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews sea

11、t belts extensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses. 1. Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about （ ）.2. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in Paragraph 2?3. According to the passage, who has the greate

12、st degree of control of the school buses “safety”?4. It may be inferred from this passage that （ ）.5. The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.10B.40C.30D.50问题2选项A.disagreeB.separateC.arrangeD.concern问题3选项A.A New Research CouncilB.The Department of TransportationC.The Med

13、ical OrganizationsD.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration问题4选项A.many of the opponents of seat belt installation are parents and officials of the Department of TransportationB.proposal of seat belts on school buses would be seriously consideredC.an alternate safety device (raising seat backs

14、 four inches) may be taken into considerationD.The Department of Transportation may either take the idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation问题5选项A.Making School Buses Even Safer for ChildrenB.Seat Belts Needed on School BusesC.Alternate Safety Devices and ProceduresD.

15、Safety in and around School Buses【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段.about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones.（每年约有10名儿童在乘坐大型校车时死亡，而在校车外装载区的死亡人数几乎是这个数字的4倍。），可知B选项“40”正确；A, C, D选项不

16、符合题意。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:语义推测题。根据关键字are divide可以定位到第二段people are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory（人们存在分歧尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）由安全带是否应该被强制使用人们存在两种意见，则A选项“不同意；不一致；争执”正确；B选项“分开的；单独的；分离，分开；隔开；分手；可搭配穿着的单件衣服；抽印本；独立音响设备；土壤划分”，C选项“安排；排列；整理”以及D选项“担心，忧虑；关爱，关心；关心的事

17、，负责的事；涉及；使担心”错误。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977（反对系安全带的人建议说，按照1977年国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安

18、全要求，校车已经很好地保护了孩子们）可以判断出D选项“国家公路交通安全管理局”符合题意，最大程度上的校车安全控制在于国家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根据倒数第二段第一句A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive（一份新的研究委员会关于校车安全的报告建议，有替代的安全装置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A选项“一个

19、新的研究委员会”只是提出建议，不符合题目；B选项“运输部”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第一句People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知C选项“医疗机构”只是赞成在校车上系上安全带，不符合题意；因此D选项正确。第4题:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs fo

20、ur inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts（例如，研究委员会建议，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全带一样安全）可以得知C选项“可以考虑使用替代安全装置（将座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合题意；据第三段第一句People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知A选项“许多反对安装安全带的人是家长和交通部的官员”不符合题意；全文

21、只是描述人们对于校车安全提出的两个不同的建议，并不能看出哪个建议会被认真考虑，故B选项“校车系安全带的建议会被认真考虑”不符合题意；D选项“当运输部审查整个情况，它可能采取安全带的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要就如何让校车更安全进行探讨，再根据第二段中心句Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants

22、to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory（虽然校车事故的数量并不多，但儿童的安全一直是公众高度关注的问题。虽然每个人都希望看到儿童安全运输，但对于需要做些什么，人们存在分歧尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）可以得知A选项“让校车对孩子们更安全”符合题意。B选项“校车上需要安全带”以及C选项“备用安全装置和程序”都是文章中对于如何让校车对孩子更安全的观点提出来的方法；

23、D选项“校车内外的安全”虽然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描写的内容，下文并没有提及，排除；因此A选项正确。4. 不定项选择题If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designer

24、s and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashio

25、ns are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shor

26、tened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take a

27、dvantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled s

28、hoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do th

29、eir unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.1. Designers and big stores always make money（ ）.2. To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as（ ）.3. The writer would be less critical if fashion desig

30、ners placed more stress on the（ ） of clothing.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?5. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”（Para. 4, Line 1-2）, the writer means that（ ）.问题1选项A.by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB.by constan

31、tly changing the fashions in womens clothingC.because they are capable of predicting new fashionsD.because they attach great importance to quality in womens clothing问题2选项A.a waste of moneyB.an expression of creativityC.an expression of tasteD.a waste of time问题3选项A.costB.appearanceC.comfortD.suitabil

32、ity问题4选项A.New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.B.The constant changes in womens clothing reflect their strength of character.C.The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.D.Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welco

33、med by women.问题5选项A.womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atB.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashionC.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD.women are better able to put up with discomfort【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Because the

34、y tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores（因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vas

35、t sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn（时尚的变化只不过是故意制造浪费。许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以判断出B选项“通过不断改变妇女服装的时尚”正确；A选项“通过残酷剥削服装业的女工”和C选项“因为他们能预测新时尚”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第二句Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等

36、重要因素）可以得知D选项“因为他们非常重视妇女服装的质量”错误；因此B选项符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。根据原文第二段第三句Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have（那些不能以这种方式扔掉衣服的女人，会浪费她们的时间来修改她们已有的衣服），可知D选项“浪费时间”正确；根据第二段第二句Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace cloth

37、es that have hardly been worn（许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以得知A选项“浪费钱”错误，题目问的是作者对于女性改变她们老式服装这件事的态度；B选项“一种创造力的表达”以及C选项“一种品味的表达”在文中都没有提到；因此D选项符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。根据第三段Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and

38、they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素。他们只对外表感兴趣，并利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可以判断出C选项“舒适”正确以及B选项“外貌，外观；出现，露面”错误；根据原文第一段If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame

39、. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）可知作者认为时尚界是在利用女性，并且认为时尚圈没有对社会做出真正的贡献，因此A选项“费用，代价，成本”并不是作者所考虑的内容；

40、D选项“适合；适当”在文章中未提及；因此C选项符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段第一二句If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big sto

41、res（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用），可知A选项“时装的新款式是为对女性的商业剥削而创造的”正确；B选项“女人服装的不断变化反映了她们性格的力量”和D选项“时尚设计不应该被鼓励，因为它们只受女性欢迎”未在原文中提起；根据第三段第一句No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society（没有人能说时尚产业对社会做出了真正重要的贡献）可以得知C选项“时尚产业对社会做

42、出了重要的贡献”错误；因此A选项符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段第一句When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.（当把男人和女人在时尚方面进行比较时，得出的结论是显而易见的）以及第三句Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.（男人很聪明，不会让时装设计师欺骗自己）可以判断出B选项“男人在时尚问题上更讲道理”正确；根据原文倒数第二

43、段最后一句There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes（几乎每个男人在他的一生中，看到一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖，或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时，都会微笑）可知A选项“女人在衣着选择上的反复无常经常被嘲笑”错误，和原文

44、表达的含义不符合；C选项“男人们也被时装设计师极大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根据文章倒数第二段they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right（他们利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可知文章只是说利用这件事，并不是说女人更能忍受不适，也不是题目所问的结论指代的内容，D选项“女人更能忍受不适”错误；因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题The lady who has（ ）for a night in the de

45、ad of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.问题1选项A.put him inB.put him outC.put him onD.put him up【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。put sb. in，一般不单独使用; put sb. out “使某人不高兴”； put sb. on, 一般不单独使用；put sb. up “给某人提供食宿”。根据空格处后面的for a night可知只有选项D符合题意，“给他提供食宿的女士”。6. 单选题Every （ ） of a motion picture is

46、 the responsibility of the director.问题1选项A.sectionB.facetC.characterD.footage【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项section“截面；部分；部门；地区；章节”；B选项facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色；计 字符”；D选项footage“英尺长度；连续镜头；以尺计算长度”。句意：电影的每一段镜头都是导演的责任。由电影导演的责任可知此处镜头的含义最合适，因此D选项正确。7. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.经过改革

47、开放30多年的努力，中国经济实力不断增强，国民生产总值大幅提升。 中国人口多、底子薄，面临城乡区域发展不平衡、科技创新能力不强等问题。中国要实 现现代化建设的目标还需要长期艰苦奋斗。中国面临的问题只有通过发展才能解决。我 们将坚持把发展作为第一要务，努力推动经济社会又好又快发展。【答案】Over the past 30 years since reform and opening-up, Chinas economy has enjoyed continuous growth and its GDP has risen to a much higher level. China, a coun

48、try with a big population and weak economic foundation, is confronted with some challenges, including development disparities between the urban and rural areas and among different regions, inadequate innovation capabilities and so on. To achieve modernization, we must make persistent and strenuous e

49、ffort. And we can only overcome our difficulties through development. We will continue to take development as our top priority and make every effort to achieve sound and rapid economic and social development.8. 单选题Fundamentally, income disparity describes two disparate groups: rich and poor. It is h

50、ardly news that the rich are getting richer. The underlying story is a familiar one: the wealthiest households own the most assets, namely stocks, and asset prices have risen at a ferocious pace in recent years. Beyond the standard explanation, it is also the case that the emergence of technology, r

51、ising productivity, and an expanding global market have brought forth a new upper class among corporations. These newly wealthy firms pay skilled employees well and in an ever-tighter labor market, they are forced to constantly sweeten their employees compensation.Then there are the poor, where cond

52、itions are a little murky. Falling unemployment, anecdotal evidence of rising starling wages for low level service jobs, and the relative non-event of welfare reform so far suggest that conditions at the low end are improving. Yet at the same time, whole communities under siege by crime and hopeless

53、ness cannot be ignored.That said, income inequality as a blanket indictment off our economic system does not fly. Income disparity is the gas that runs our economic engine. The ability to someday earn more, to live at a higher standard, is what gets people out of bed in the morning, particularly in

54、our consumer-oriented economy. Income disparity only becomes a problem if it widens to the extent that the labor force believes that greater wealth can only be achieved by the already wealthy.Indeed, it is unreasonable to state that income disparity is eroding the labor forces will to improve produc

55、tivity and move ahead. Increasing labor force participation, record homeownership, surging consumer confidence and spending, near record levels of immigration, and urban renewal are all anecdotal evidence that hopes are high. All types of people are flourishing in the New Economy and there is suffic

56、ient evidence to suggest that most still want their shot at the brass ring.So why are there still very poor households in this country? There are many reasons. Our economy is shifting towards the production of higher value goods and services. Unskilled labor is not valued to the degree that it once

57、was, and unskilled workers are paid accordingly. There has also been a recent surge of immigration into the U.S. Many migrants to this country, particularly those who are unskilled or language challenged, require time to be absorbed into our economy. If skills are lacking, it may take a generation o

58、r two to move ahead.It is also important to remember that it is not the ultimate goal of every person to be fabulously rich. One of the fundamentals of economics is that one decides how hard to work, where to work, and what risks to take. Monetary wealth is not the sole means of maximizing utility.

59、Each person has a finite life span and finite abilities; it is up to the individual to apply those as they see fit. The wealthy getting wealthier is not always evidence to others that they themselves are falling behind.1. In the authors country,（ ）may benefit from the development of its economy.2. I

60、t is implied in this passage that income inequality is（ ）.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?4. The author believes that income disparity will（ ）.5. The main idea presented in the last paragraph is that（ ）.问题1选项A.the wealthy rather than the poorB.all the immigrantsC.only skilled employeesD

61、.all the people问题2选项A.not necessarily harmful to the poorB.harmful to the development of economyC.destructive rather than constructiveD.beneficial only to the rich问题3选项A.Every person wants to become richB.Unskilled people tend to be poorC.Most immigrants are very poorD.The wealthy is getting wealthi

62、er问题4选项A.disappear sooner or laterB.be gradually narrowedC.persist as ever beforeD.be more and more widened问题5选项A.not every person is willing to become as wealthy as possibleB.it is understandable for the wealthy to get wealthierC.each individual knows exactly what his ultimate goal isD.what a perso

63、n pursued in the world is not monetary wealth【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(All types of people are flourishing in the New Economy)，因此选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示收入差距”。文章第四段提到“各种各样的人都在新经济中蓬勃发展，有足够的证据表明大多数人仍然想要获得发财机会”（All types of people a

64、re flourishing in the New Economy and there is sufficient evidence to suggest that most still want their shot at the brass ring），由此可知“不一定对穷人有害”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了”（Unskilled labor is not valued to the degree that it once was, and unskilled workers are paid accordingly），选项B“非