2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷78

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题There is no （）whatever for the manner in which you behaved foolishly at the English party.问题1选项A.jurisdictionB.justificationC.judgmentD.junction【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限”；B选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理”；C选项judgment“判断；裁判；判决书”；D选项junction“连接；交

2、叉点；接合点”。句意：你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的，B选项符合句意要求。2. 单选题“The Last Supper” is widely regarded as Leonardo day Vincis（）.问题1选项A.mouthpieceB.mastermindC.masterpieceD.mastery【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“优秀策划者，幕后操纵者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根据句意：最后的晚餐被广泛认为是达芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题The

3、 judge（）the murderer to twenty years in prison.问题1选项A.requiredB.determinedC.indicatedD.sentenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求，命令”；B选项determine“决定，确定”。C选项indicate“表明， 指出”。D选项sentence“宣判，判决”。句意：法官判处杀人犯20年监禁。本句表示“对杀人犯进行宣判”。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题The boys in the dorm （）a coin to decide who would clean the flo

4、or.问题1选项A.heldB.tossedC.putD.collected【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。5. 单选题Several loudspeakers are（）from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.问题1选项A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD

5、.suspended【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项connect“有联系的”。B选项sustain “持续的”。C选项associate“联合的”。D选项suspend“悬浮的，暂停”。句意：天花板上有几个扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到扩音器的声音。扩音器是悬挂在天花板上的，因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题The term “folk custom is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to refer to those shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk g

6、roup. These patterns of behaviors are regarded as traditional and established ways of members of the particular folk group. Folk custom is to transmit by word of mouth demonstration or imitation. The folklore and folk customs of England are rich and varied. Many customs are ancient, passed down, gen

7、eration to generation from the Germanic and Celtic ancestors. Others are more modern creations.One of the greatest problems in assessing most accounts of folk customs is that they tend to give only the antiquarys (古董商的，收集古物者的) point of view. After all, to most observers, the people they were looking

8、 at were simple and illiterate, unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preserved. Why question them at length if they didnt understand the essential nature of what they were doing? So a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a tradition which reflect his or her own interest

9、s or which fit in with preconceived ideas, while possibly ignoring or giving only passing mention to aspects which may, in fact, be of equal importance.One aspect which generally gets left out of accounts is the viewpoint of the participants themselves: for instance why they indulge in a particular

10、activity at a particular time of year or of their lives and what feelings they experience while doing so. And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies are so widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the participants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather lik

11、e a man staring at a scene in a mirror who must be aware, to fully understand that scene, that his own reflection is a major part of what he is looking at.It is, however, also true to say that many contemporary students to folklore are fully aware of the problems which beset their enquiries. Like tr

12、ue scientists they draw their conclusion by looking at available evidence, rather than selecting evidence which fits with existing theories. Some have also looked away from the “obviously ancient and turned their attention to folklore where it thrives, in the social life of modern cities industry an

13、d sport etc. They may, for example end up looking at the lore of the motor car, or of popular music, and at customs which, though they have no hints of paganism nevertheless have much in common with older activities which do.Many folklorists have gradually come to the conclusion that folklore is not

14、 necessarily a thing of the past, a relic of ancient and outmoded ways of thinking, but the means by which people try to make sense of the world or to confront its lack of sense and try to alleviate (减少, 缓和) boredom and suffering.1. Why are early accounts of folk customs unreliable?2. Why is it diff

15、icult to study folklore today?3. What is new about folklorists today?4. What does participation in folk customs mean to people?5. The best title for the passage probably is（）.问题1选项A.Because the participants did not reveal the significance of their customsB.Because the participants were not aware of

16、the meaning of their customsC.Because folklorists undervalued the opinions of the participantsD.Because folklorists didnt consider the participants smart enough to answer the questions.问题2选项A.Because participants are now influenced by earlier studies of their activitiesB.Because participants insist

17、on the accuracy of their own interpretationsC.Because folklorists are too concerned to justify their own theoriesD.Because folklorists are often misled by unreliable earlier studies问题3选项A.They now more cautious about the evidence they acceptB.They want to investigate the more obscure areas of folklo

18、reC.They are studying the creation of folklore in present-day societyD.They want to discover the link between paganism and social customs问题4选项A.It can be of psychological benefit to themB.It enables them to escape the problems of the modern worldC.It can be a means of regaining ancient wisdomD.It is

19、 an attempt to reconstruct what is lost forever问题5选项A.Folklore and Folk CustomsB.Problems and Tendency of Folk CustomsC.The Revival of Folk CustomsD.Folklore and Folklorists【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息可定位到原文第二段，由第二段可知，评判这些民俗信息时，最大的问题就是只给出了文物研究者的观点。毕竟，对于民俗研究者而言，他们所研究的群体单纯又没有文化，没有意识

20、到自己保留的这些民俗文化的意义。后面又讲到，民俗研究者很可能依靠自己或者先入为主的观点侧重强调传统的某些方面，进而产生错误的判断因此，C选项表述正确，观察者低估了参与者的意见。A选项表示“因为参与者没有透露他们习俗的重要性”表述错误；B选项表示“因为参与者没有意识到他们习俗的重要性”表述错误，只是研究者自己这样认为而已；D选项表示“因为民俗学家认为参与者不够聪明，无法回答问题”，与原文表述不符，故本题正确答案为B选项。2.细节事实题。题干询问：如今民俗研究比较困难的原因是什么？根据题干可定位到原文第三段“And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies

21、 are so widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the participants in a custom.”，由此可知，而如今，从民俗学研究中衍生出来的想法非常普遍，它们很容易就会成为习俗参与者态度中不可或缺的一部分。”所以，A选项表述正确，原因就是参与者很容易被之前对他们行为的研究所影响。故本题正确答案为A选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：当今民俗学研究者的新体现在哪里？由原文第四段“Some have also looked away from the “obvio

22、usly ancient and turned their attention to folklore where it thrives, in the social life of modern cities industry and sport etc.”可知，许多当代民俗学学生充分意识到困扰他们的问题。他们通过观察现有的证据来得出结论，而不是选择符合现有理论的证据。一些人也将目光从“明显的”古代转向了民俗的繁盛之处，比如在现代都市生活、工业以及体育等等。由此可知，如今的民俗研究已经发生了转变，民俗研究者开始在现代社会中研究民俗，因此C选项表述正确。故本题正确答案为C项。4.细节事实题。题

23、干询问：参与民俗对人们意味着什么？由文章最后一段可知，民俗研究不再只是研究过去的事，不再是指古代遗物或者是过时的思维方式，而是人们想要理解世界或者面对某种观念缺失的方式，也是人们试图缓解无聊和痛苦的途径。由此可知，进行民俗研究可以为人们的心理带来益处，所以A选项正确，而其余三项均与原文表述不符。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.主旨大意题。本文前半部分主要讲述了以往民俗研究中遇到的问题，由于民俗研究者认为参与者头脑简单，又没什么文化，所以低估了民俗参与者的意见，这就导致研究者可能强调的只是某些方面，而忽视了重要的内容。现在，民俗研究发生了转变，不再只是研究过去的事物，也开始关注现代城市生活中的民俗

24、，因此民俗研究的趋势也发生了变化。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是民俗研究的问题和趋势。故本题正确答案为B选项。7. 单选题Tired of urban life, Jenifer makes up her mind to build her own home in a region where wild life（）.问题1选项A.aboundsB.exceedsC.amplifiesD.sustains【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项abound表示“大量存在，盛产，充满”，B选项exceed表示“超越，胜过”，C选项amplify表示“放大；扩大”，D选项sustain表示“维持（生

25、命、生存）；保持；支撑”。由句意可知，珍妮弗因为厌倦城市生活，所以决心在野生动物丰富的地区建造自己的家。定语从句的主语是wild life，缺少谓语动词。对比四个选项，只有A选项词义最符合原文句意，故A选项为本题正确答案。8. 单选题Because of a（） in the skirt, the girl was able to buy it at half price.问题1选项A.weaknessB.faultC.flawD.strip【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项weakness表示“（系统、性格等的）缺点，劣势；弱点；虚弱”，B选项fault表示“错误；故障；缺点”，C选

26、项flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺点”，D选项strip表示“条；带”。由句意可知，这个女孩能半价买到裙子的原因是因为裙子有瑕疵，所以C选项词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。9. 单选题You may put（）on the wheel to make it turn more easily.问题1选项A.fatB.greaseC.oilD.cream【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。10. 单选题The dog（）the rab

27、bit but could not catch it.问题1选项A.ceasedB.chainedC.checkedD.chased【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ceased “停止”。B选项chained “束缚，囚禁”。C选项checked “检查，查核”。D选项chased “追逐，追赶”。句意：狗追赶兔子，但是逮不着它。因此D选项符合题。11. 单选题They are well （） with each other since they once studied at the same university.问题1选项A.identifiedB.recognizedC.acqu

28、aintedD.acknowledged【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be identified with表示“支持；与有密切相关”；recognize表示“承认，认可”，常与as构成固定搭配be recognized as表示“被认为，被当作”，有时也与with构成搭配 be recognized with表示“被识别出，被承认”；be acquainted with表示“了解；知晓（某事）；熟悉”，be acknowledged with表示“被承认，被认可”。根据句意可知，因为他们曾经在同所大学中学习过，所以彼此很熟悉。此时since引导原因状语从句，因此，只有C项最符合固定搭配以及句

29、意，故本题正确答案为C选项。12. 单选题Their defenders say they are motivated, versatile workers who are just what companies need in these difficult times. To others, however, the members of Generation Ythose born in the 1980s and 1990s otherwise known as the Net Generationare spoiled, narcissistic idlers who cannot

30、spell and waste too much time on instant messaging and Facebook. Ah, reply the Net Genres, but all that messing around online proves that we are computer-literate multi-taskers who are skillful users of online collaborative tools and natural team players. And: while, you are on the subject of me, I

31、need a months vacation to reconsider my personal goal.This culture clash has been going on in many organizations and has lately seeped into management books. The Net Geners have grown up with computers; they are brimming with self-confidence; and they have been encouraged to challenge received wisdo

32、m, to find their own solutions to problems and to treat work as a route to personal fulfillment rather than merely a way of putting food on the table. Not all of this makes them easy to manage. Bosses complain that after a childhood of being spoiled and praised, Net Geners demand far more frequent f

33、eedback and an over-precise set of objectives on the path of promotion. In a new report from PriceewaterhouseCoopers, a consultancy, 61% of chief executives say they have trouble recruiting and integrating younger employees.For those hard-to-please older managers, the current recession is the joyful

34、 equivalent of hiding an alarm clock in a sleeping teenagers bedroom. Once again, the touchy-feely management fashions that always spring up in years of plenty are being ditched in favor of more brutal command-and-control methods Having grown up in good times, Net Geners have labored under the illus

35、ion that the world owed them a living. But hopping between jobs to find one that meets your inner spiritual needs is not so easy when there are no jobs to hop to, And as for that vacation: heres a permanent one, sunshine.In fact, compromise will be necessary on both sides. Net Geners will certainly

36、have to lower some of their expectations and take the world as it is, not as they would like it to be. But their older bosses should also be prepared to make concessions. The economy will eventually recover and demographic trends in most rich countries will make clever young workers even more valuab

37、le. Besides, many of the things that Keep Net Geners happy are worth doing anyway. But for the moment at least, the Facebookers are under heavy criticism.1. In the eyes of the critics of the Net Generation, the Net Geners are characterized as（）.2. According to Para. 2, Net Geners are not easy to man

38、age in that（）.3. The word “touchy-feely in Para. 3 most probably means（）.4. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes（）.5. What is the authors attitude towards Net Geners?问题1选项A.accomplished and competentB.smart and flexibleC.self-centered and indulgedD.selfish and uncooperative问

39、题2选项A.theyve attached too much importance to the personal fulfillmentB.theyve been courageous enough to challenge their bossesC.theyve had excessive confidence in themselvesD.theyve required excessive responses and goals问题3选项A.sensitive and caringB.cold and bloodyC.lazy and recklessD.funny and inter

40、esting问题4选项A.Net Geners should give up their expectationsB.older bosses should give the Net Geners whatever they wantC.both Net Geners and bosses should face the realityD.both Net Geners and bosses should learn to concede问题5选项A.supportiveB.ObjectiveC.BiasedD.Pessimistic【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【

41、解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“To others, however, the members of Generation Ythose born in the 1980s and 1990s otherwise known as the Net Generation-are spoiled, narcissistic idlers who cannot spell and waste too much time on instant messaging and Face book. 然而，对另一些人来说，y一代(出生于80年代和90年代的人，也被称为网络一代)是被宠坏的、自恋的游手好闲者，他

42、们不会拼写，在即时通讯和Facebook上浪费了太多时间。”可知在批判者眼中，网络一代是被宠坏的，并且是自恋的游手好闲者。故C项正确。且在批判者眼中，网络一代自然是有缺点的，故应该用贬义词，排除AB两项。D项“自私的和不配合的”与文中所述内容不符。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段“Not all of this makes them easy to manage. Bosses complain that after a childhood of being spoiled and praised, Net Geners demand far more frequent feedback

43、and an over-precise set of objectives on the path of promotion. 并不是所有这些都使它们易于管理。老板们抱怨说，在经历了被宠坏和表扬的童年后，网络一代要求在晋升的道路上有更频繁的反馈和一套过于精确的目标。由此可知网络一代难于管理的原因在于他们在职场晋升之路上要求更频繁的反馈并且需要精确的目标。故D项正确，D项的response和goals是对原文中的feedback以及objectives的同义转换。3.词义题。由Once again, the touchy-feely management fashions that always

44、 spring up in years of plenty are being ditched in favor of more brutal command-and-control methods. 再一次，在经济充裕的年份里总是涌现出的_的管理潮流正在被抛弃，取而代之的是更为残酷的命令与控制方式。由“more brutal command-and-control更为残酷的命令和控制”可推知被抛弃的“touch-feely management”的意思应与其相反，应为“人性化”的管理。再从touchy-feely单词本身也可猜测出该词与感觉有关。故A项正确。4.细节事实题。由最后一段In f

45、act, compromise will be necessary on both sides. Net Geners will certainly have to lower some of their expectations and take the world as it is, not as they would like it to be. But their older bosses should also be prepared to make concessions. 事实上，双方都有必要妥协。网络一代应该降低他们的一些期望，接受世界的现状，而不是他们所希望的样子。但是他们的

46、老上司也应该做好让步的准备。可知作者认为双方都应该做一些让步。故D项正确，concede是concessions的同义词。5.观点态度题。纵观全文，本文开头作者提到了赞成者和批判者对网络一代的看法，接着作者列举了网络一代的优点和缺点，最后提出解决措施。故作者的态度应当是客观的。supportive支持的；objective客观的；biased有偏见的；pessimistic悲观的。B项正确。13. 单选题The naughty boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents （）.

47、问题1选项A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项command “命令;指令;”；B选项conviction “信念;肯定”；C选项consent “同意;允许”；D选项compromise “妥协;折中”。句意：那个调皮的男孩偷溜出了房间，在未经父母允许的情况下，前往游泳池。根据关键词“那个调皮的男孩偷溜出了房间”可知C符合句意。14. 单选题You must insist that students give a truthful answer （） with the reality of their wo

48、rld.问题1选项A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项relevant表示“相关的；中肯的”，常与介词to搭配，B选项simultaneous表示“同时的，同时发生的”，C选项consistent表示“一致的；连续的”，常与介词with搭配，D选项practical表示“实际的；实践的”。由题干信息可知，原文空缺处单词需与with构成搭配，表示“与一致”，因此，本题最佳选项为C选项。句意：你必须坚持要求学生的真实回答要与他们的现实世界一致。15. 单选题I know now that the

49、man who sat with me on the wooden stairs that hot summer night over thirty-five years ago was not a tall man. But to a five-year-old, he was a giant. We sat side by side, watching the sun go down behind the old Texaco service station across the busy street, a street that I was never allowed to cross

50、 unless accompanied by an adult, or at the very least, an older sibling.Cherry-scented smoke from Grandpas pipe kept the hungry mosquitoes at bay while gray, wispy swirls danced around our heads. Now and again, he blew a smoke ring and laughed as I tried to target the hole with my finger. I, clad in

51、 a cool summer night, and Grandpa, his sleeveless T-shirt, sat watching the traffic. We counted cars and tried to guess the colors of the next one to turn the corner:Once again, I was caught in the middle of circumstances, the fourth born of six children, it was not uncommon that I was either too yo

52、ung or too old for something. This night I was both. While my two baby brothers slept inside the house, my three older siblings played with friends around the corner, where I was not allowed to go. I stayed with Grandpa, and that was okay with me. I was where I wanted to be. My grandfather was babys

53、itting while my mother, father and grandmother went out.“Thirsty?” Grandpa asked, never removing the pipe from his mouth.“Yes”, was my reply.“How would you like to run over to the gas station there and get yourself a bottle of Coke?I couldnt believe my ears. Had I heard it right? Was he talking to m

54、e? On my familys modest income, Coke was not a part of our budget or diet. A few tantalizing sips was a/11 had ever had, and certainly never my own bottle.“Okay.” I replied shyly, already wondering how I would get across the street. Surely Grandpa was going to come with me.Grandpa stretched his long

55、 leg out straight and reached his huge hand deep into the pocket. I could hear the familiar jangling of the loose change he always carried. Opening his fist, he exposed a mound of silver coins. There must have been a million dollars there. He instructed me to pick out a dime. After he deposited the

56、rest of the change back into his pocket, he stood up.“Okay.” He said, helping me down the stairs and to the curb, Im going to stay here and keep an ear out for the babies, Ill tell you when its safe to cross. You go over to the Coke machine, get your Coke and come back out. Wait for me to tell you w

57、hen its safe to cross back.My heart pounded. I clutched my dime tightly in my sweaty palm. Excitement took my breath awayGrandpa held my hand tightly. Together we looked up the street and down, and back up again. He stepped off the curb and told me it was safe to cross. He let go of my hand and I ra

58、n. I ran faster than I had ever run before. The street seemed wide. I wondered if I would make it to the other side. Reaching the other side, I turned to find Grandpa. There he was, standing exactly where left him, smiling proudly. L waved“Go on, hurry up，” he yelled.My heart pounded wildly as I wal

59、ked inside the dark garage. I had been inside the garage before with my father, my surroundings were familiar. I heard the Coca-Cola machine motor humming even before I saw it. I walked directly to the big old red-white dispenser. I knew where to insert my dime. I had seen it done before and had fan

60、tasized about moment many times.The big old monster greedily accepted my dime, and I heard the bottles shift. On tiptoes I reached up and opened the heavy door. There they were: one neat row of thick green bottles, necks staring directly at me, and ice cold from the refrigeration. I held the door op

61、en with my shoulder and grabbed one. With a quick yank, I pulled it free from its bondage. Another one immediately took its place. The bottle was cold in my sweaty hands. I will never forget the feeling of the cool glass on my skin. With two hands, I positioned the bottleneck under the heavy brass o

62、pener that was bolted to the wall. The cap dropped into an old wooden box, and I reached in to retrieve it. It was cold and bent in the middle, out I knew I needed to have this souvenir. Coke in hand, I proudly marched back out into the early evening dusk. Grandpa was waiting patiently. He smiled.“S

63、top right there”, he yelled. One or two cars sped by me, and once again, Grandpa stepped off the curb. “Come on, now” he said, run. I did. Cool brown foam sprayed my hands. Dont ever do that alone，” he warned, I held the coke bottle tightly; fearful he would make me pour it into a cup, ruining this dream come true. He didnt. One long swallow of the cold beverage cooled my sweating body. I dont think I ever felt so proud.1