2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷79

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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matte

2、r in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment.（2）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work（3）his own, often at

3、high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others（4）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, he should have more than a nodding（5）with printing techniques and proof-

4、reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to（6） rapidly from one source language to another as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently（7）of him in suc

5、h work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,（8）that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（9）a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he c

6、an（10）with. It is,（11）, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to（12）how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same（13）to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot,

7、 not（14）.There are many other skills and（15）that are desirable in a translator.问题1选项A.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usage问题2选项A.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition to问题3选项A.ofB.byC.forD.on问题4选项A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if问题5选项A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill问题6选项A.changeB.transfo

8、rmC.turnD.switch问题7选项A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted问题8选项A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless问题9选项A.overB.despiteC.rather thanD.instead问题10选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away问题11选项A.howeverB.accordinglyC.consequentlyD.thus问题12选项A.knowingB.having knownC.knowD.have known问题13选项A.refersB.c

9、omesC.appliesD.amounts问题14选项A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work问题15选项A.characteristicsB.qualitiesC.distinctionsD.features【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B【解析】（1）名词辨析。application “应用，指将理论或什么用到一个特殊的情况下”；use “使用，指为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物”；utility “实用，特指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用”；u

10、sage “使用，侧重为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗”。 此处指为了达到沟通目的的语言的使用，固定搭配be of use，B选项正确。（2）逻辑关系。由空格后面列举的“an inquiring mind, wide interests”与空格前列举的译者需具备的东西知道这里应该是说“除了这个外，还应该具备什么”，D选项in addition to “除之外（包括除去的内容）”正确。more than “多于，超出，比多”；except for “除了以外（不包括除去的内容）”；because of “因为，由于”，均不符合题意，排除。（3）固定搭配。on ones own “依靠某人自己的力量去

11、做某事”， D选项正确。（4）语法-倒装句。由空格后否定句“his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand”中没有助动词（如do等）可推测这里是用if引导的条件句采用虚拟结构should do，但是这里采用了倒装结构，把should提前，并且省略了if，A选项正确。（5）固定搭配。familiarity with “熟悉，精通”；acquaintance with “了解：知道”；knowledge “（与of连用）知识；学问”；skill “（与of连用）技能；技术”。由空格前的more than “多于；超出”

12、确定句意是他应该能够快速而准确地打字，如果他主要为出版物工作，他应该对印刷技术和校对不只是了解。，所以B选项正确。（6）固定搭配。change “改变;交换”；transform “转化，改变”；turn “转变，转弯”；switch “转换”。switch fromto将.转换成，由常识“翻译指将一种语言转换为另外一种语言”，D项正确。（7）固定搭配。require sth. of sb. “要求某人某事”，文中用的是被动语态，sth be required of sb. B选项正确。（8）形容词辨析。essential “基本的，必要的”；unnecessary “不必要的，多余的，无用的

13、”；advantageous “有利的；有益的”；useless “无用的；无效的”。由空格前的the processing of the written word “书面文字的处理”与空格后 to speak the languages “去讲这些语言”的对应关系确定句意应是考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。所以选项B “不必要” 正确。（9）逻辑关系。根据上一句句意考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。可知这里是肯定advantage“优势”而否定hindrance “障碍”；所以空格处需要填写一个

14、肯定前面内容而否定后面内容的连词，C选项rather than “而不是”正确。（10）固定短语。deal with “处理，涉及”；concern with “使关心，关于”；work with “与共事，对有效”；do away with “废除，去掉”。由关键信息but “但是” 表转折关系以及单词a luxary确定这里句意是“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”，由此知D项正确。（11）逻辑关系。however “然而，但是”；accordingly “因此，于是，相应地”; consequently “因此，结果，所以”；thus “因此，从而，这样，如此”。由空格后关键信息“shou

15、ld have an approximate idea”及even if “即使”知这里句意是然而，他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个大致的概念，即使这是，应该填一个表示“然而或但是”转折意义的词，故A项正确。（12）固定搭配。be restricted to doing sth. “限制做某事”，排除C和D选项，这里表示一般时态， A项正确。（13）固定搭配。refer to “参考，涉及”；come to “想起，共计”； apply to “适用于，应用于”；amount to “相当于，总计为”。由空格前的the same “同样的（道理）”、空格后的an ability to write

16、 his source languages “:写他的源语言的能力”跟前面的 the pronunciation of his source languages “读他的源语言的能力”的对比关系知这里指“同样的（道理）也适用于”，所以C选项正确。（14）固定搭配。空格处句意为“如果他能，那很好；如果译者不具有书写源语言的能力，这也没关系”。 It does not matter “没关系，不要紧”，A选项正确。（15）名词辨析。characteristic “特征，特性，特点”；quality “质量，品质，素质”；distinction “区别，差别”；feature “特色，特征，容貌”。

17、由关键信息and “和，并且”表示并列关系知空格处填写的词应该与名词skill “技能”同类；再由文章第二句中的 his professional equipment “他的专业素养”的对应关系知这里指“其它技能与素质”，B选项正确。2. 单选题He lived in a（ ） house, and for this reason he was easily accepted into his money-worshiping society.问题1选项A.shabbyB.raggedC.dingyD.decent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他住在一栋很体面的房子里，也因为这样

18、他很快就被金钱至上的社会所接纳。shabby “破旧的”；ragged “粗糙的”；dingy “昏暗的”；decent “体面的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题With the increasing unemployment rate, female workers who are 45 to 55 years old are usually the first to be（ ）.问题1选项A.laid asideB.laid upC.laid outD.laid off【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。lay aside “放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把放 在一边”；lay

19、up“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；lay out“设计; 展示，安排”；lay off “暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意随着失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（ ）。确定D选项正确。4. 单选题His illness first（ ）itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.问题1选项A.expressedB.manifestedC.reflectedD.displayed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect

20、“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。5. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the ninetee

21、nth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pump. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other

22、explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have u

23、nusually low root pressures.If Water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant

24、 results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. T

25、he same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of

26、water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1.The passage answers which of the following questions?2.What do the first experiments mentioned in paragraph one prove?3.How do b

27、otanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4.Which of the following statements does the passage support?问题1选项A.What is the effect of atmosphere pressure on foliage?B.When do dead cells harm plant growth?C.How does water get to the tops of trees?D.Why is root pr

28、essure weak?问题2选项A.Plant stems die when deprived of waterB.Cells in plant stems do not pump waterC.Plants cannot move water to high altitudesD.Plant cells regulate pressure within stems问题3选项A.Some very tall trees have weak root pressureB.Root pressures decrease in winter.C.Plants can live after thei

29、r roots die.D.Water in plants roots is not connected to water in its stem.问题4选项A.Water is pushed to the tops of treesB.Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumpsC.Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall treesD.Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants【

30、答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?根据第二段第一句中 “If Water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样到达树顶的呢？” 以及第二段第二句According to the currently accepted cohesion-

31、tension theory, water is pulled there.最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了 “水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。2.推理判断题。题目提问第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?根据第一段中“But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants, in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. 但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确

32、定B选项“植物的茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。3.推理判断题。题目提问植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?根据第一段中“But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外，作为最高树木之一的针叶树，其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一

33、些非常高的树木有微弱的压力”正确。4.推理判断题。题目提问这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?根据第二段中“ According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论” 正确；也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木 的顶端”不正确，排除；根据第一段中 “But many experiments demonstrated that the stems

34、 of plants, in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. 但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。6. 单选题My second claim concerns individual differences. Owing to the accidents of（ ）,environment, and their interaction, no two of us exhibit the

35、same intelligence in precisely the same proportions.问题1选项A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。heredity “遗传，遗传性”；heir “继承人，后嗣”； heritage “遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement “补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（ ）、环境及它们之间的相互作用， 我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。 确定A选项heredity “遗传，遗传性”的正确。7. 单选题Excellent films ar

36、e those which（ ）national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项traverse“穿过”；C选项abolish“废除；取消”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：优秀的电影是那些能国家和文化的障碍的电影。四个选项中能与“障碍”搭配的是A选项“transcend超越”。8. 单选题This book is the（ ）of some 20 years of scientific rese

37、arch.问题1选项A.participationB.toleranceC.allianceD.outcome【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题Facebook and mobile phones mean that many feel they can never have time off from playgrou

38、nd gossip. Parents told me how their daughters worried about their body image from as young an age as seven. For parents of my generation, contemplating how our children are fearing, and whether we are giving them what they truly need, is not an easy thing to do. I have two sons aged seven and four,

39、 my husband and I both work full-time. There is the inevitable push and pull of timetables, anxiety about having enough time with the boys, and particularly about whether were equipping them to cope with the academic and social pressures that lie ahead.When we polled more than 1,000 parents who use

40、the website Mumsnet, the results revealed widespread concern among parents about pressures children face today. Two thirds (64 percent) said there is too much testing in schools, 78 percent said children dont get to play outdoors enough on their own, and three quarters (75 percent) felt that long wo

41、rking hours made it difficult to spend enough time with their family. The statistics also point to a dramatic rise in the level of childhood depression over the course of a generation.Three years ago, Britain ranked bottom out of 21 countries in a UN survey of childrens wellbeing in the world. One i

42、n four of the parents we questioned said they believed their kids are less happy than they were at the same age. A worrying consequence of all of this is the dramatic rise in mental health problems in the young, up by a shocking 70 percent since the 1970s. One in ten of our teenage children now has

43、a diagnosable mental health condition.I met Annabelle Davies, a 19-year-old who had been an outgoing, academically gifted young schoolgirl. After she missed a few weeks of school aged 15 due to a virus, she fell behind with her schoolwork, and found she could no longer cope. The depression that set

44、in was punctuated by suicide attempts and periods in acute psychiatric units. At her lowest points, her exhausted parents couldnt risk leaving her alone. Annabelle has suffered severe depression for nearly five years, is now painfully thin and exists on heavy medication. We sat and chatted on her mu

45、ms sofa, I felt pressured to be doing well in my exams, to get good grades, to go on to university - and was scared I was going to let people down, that I was going to fail. I felt physically sick. I couldnt stop crying. I felt that whatever I did wouldnt be enough. And you hate yourself because you

46、re weak”One of the experts I spoke to, Tim Gill, a childhood play consultant, believes that contemporary pressures, combined with the way we now raise and educate our children, is leaving many unable to cope. For him, its time to go back to basics - freedom to play, to explore and to make mistakes:

47、I think back to my own childhood, when my generation roamed far and wide. But todays children are not free-ranged- theyre battery-reared.Happily, there are signs that some parents, schools and even politicians are now starting to wise up.1.It can be inferred from the authors family that（ ）.2.How man

48、y parents have limited time with their children according to the poll?3.According to the passage, Tim Gill holds the idea that（ ）.4.How does the author think about the childhood depression by now?问题1选项A.sons cause much pressure to parents than daughtersB.one of the parents should leave work for thei

49、r childC.social pressure is good for childrens future developmentD.its hard to make children equipped to various pressures问题2选项A.Two-thirds.B.Seventy-eight percent.C.Three quarters.D.More than one thousand.问题3选项A.people should educate their children by themselvesB.social pressure is good for childre

50、n to become matureC.todays children bear more study burden than beforeD.children need more stimulus from schools and society问题4选项A.Its optimistic to see some changes on this problem.B.She is totally depressed by the politicians efforts.C.Most schools begin to do a better job than before.D.Its reflec

51、tion of the parents childhood failure.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句There is the inevitable push and pull of timetables, anxiety about having enough time with the boys, and particularly about whether were equipping them to cope with the academic and social pressures that lie ahead. 时间安排不可

52、避免地会带来压力，孩子们会因为有足够的时间而焦虑，尤其是我们是否准备好让他们应付未来的学业和社会压力。确定D选项要使孩子们适应各种压力是很困难的符合题意。2.根据文章第二段第二句话three quarters (75 percent) felt that long working hours made it difficult to spend enough time with their family. 四分之三(75%)的人认为长时间的工作让他们很难有足够的时间和家人在一起。确定C选项四分之三符合题意。3.根据文章倒数第二段确定Tim Gill的观点是当今的孩子们的压力比之前的大得多，所以

53、C选项符合题意，正确。4.根据文章最后一句Happily, there are signs that some parents, schools and even politicians are now starting to wise up.高兴地是，已经有兆头显示有一些父母和学校甚至政治家已经意识到这个问题确定A选项在这个问题上看到一些变化是乐观的正确。10. 单选题Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often ha

54、ve little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Awar

55、d for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal (名人轶事)reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Gold smith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winsto

56、n Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, o

57、r unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest.

58、Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornnes

59、s (and Yeatss level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writ

60、ing prodigy (神童)studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathemati

61、cians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.1.The main point the author is making about schools is that（ ）.2.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers（ ）.3.Pa

62、blo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who（ ）.4.Many gifted people attributed their success（ ）.5.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that （ ）.问题1选项A.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC.they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted students as possible问题2选项A.to provide support for his argumentB