2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷29（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately（ ）from Marathon to Athens.问题1选项A.distanceB.the distance isC.the distanceD.is the distance【答案】B【解析】考查同位语。approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens是26 miles and 385 yards的同位语，因此C项“the distance”

2、；为正确答案。这个距离特指从马拉松到雅典的距离，所以要加定冠词the，C正确，A排除。填入B，D选项逗号后面都是一个完整的句子，但是approximately是一个副词，不可以连接两个句子，故排除。句意：奥林匹克马拉松是26英里385码，距离大约是从马拉松到雅典。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。2. 单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid th

3、e roots for the CTA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionagespying as a “profession”. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovans vocation as

4、 well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open sou

5、rce intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin，was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the

6、electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDe

7、rmott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. S.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution，a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits

8、 from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine，” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of cour

9、se, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success- Straitfords brief

10、s dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has（ ）.2. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to（ ）.3. The phrase

11、 “making the biggest splash” most probably means（ ）.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that（ ）.5. Straitford is most proud of its（ ）.问题1选项A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.introduce th

12、e topic of online spyingB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of the information warD.honor his unique services to the CIA问题3选项A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitfords prediction about Ukr

13、aine has proved trueB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information问题5选项A.official statusB.nonconformist imageC.efficient staffD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第

14、4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：网络的出现_。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），根据前文语境，多诺万的职业就是间谍工作。那么就是说网络的出现改变了间谍活动，B选项“重塑了情报服务系统”，符合题意。网络改变了普通的消遣

15、方式，所以C选项“恢复了许多普通的消遣方式”不正确，A选项“得到了多诺万等粉丝的支持”和D选项“重新把间谍作为一种职业”并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.推理判断题。题干：多诺万的故事在书中提到为了_。因为该题是例证题，开头提到例子，应该去例子之后找论点句。定位到第一段最后一句话These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变

16、了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），而多万诺之前的职业是间谍工作，所以多诺万的故事就是为了引出下文的网络时代的谍报产业，A选项“介绍网络间谍的话题”，符合题意。文章只在第一段提到多万诺，其余部分都在讨论互联网时代情报工作的巨大变化，所以B选项“展示他如何为美国而战”，C选项“讲一讲信息战的故事”和D选项“表彰他对中央情报局的独特贡献”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.推理判断题。题干：短语“making The biggest splash”的意思大概是_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话Among the firms making th

17、e biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.（新世界_ 的公司之一是Straitford, Inc.，一家总部设在德克萨斯州奥斯汀的私人情报分析公司。）第二段最后一句介绍了CIA举办的竞赛，并提到其中最大赢家的明显优势在于其对电子领域的掌握。第三段第一句提到Straitford公司的例子，并用“making the biggest splash”描述该公司目前的经营状况。随后两段从不同的方面介绍了公司。第五段最

18、后一句提到Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司以发表自己的独立意见为荣）由此可见，Straitford公司是进行公开来源的间谍活动比较成功的一个例子。“make the biggest splash”最引人注目，引起最大的轰动，亦即取得最大的成功。所以C选项“取得了最大的成功”符合题意。A选项“造成了最大的麻烦”，和文章表达的意思相反，B选项“尽最大的努力”和D选项“最受欢迎”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.推理判断题。题干：从第4段，我们可以学到_。从

19、第4段，我们得知Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.（开放来源的情报是有风险的，因为很难区分信息的好坏，而Straitford公司就是靠这个谋生的。），说明该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息。所以D选项“Straitford公司能够提供相当可靠的信息”，符合题意。A选项“事实证明，Straitford公司关于乌克兰的预测是正确的”，文章并没

20、有提及该公司关于乌克兰的推测是否正确，A选项排除。B选项“Straitford公司保证其信息的真实性”，该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息的好坏，但是真实性并未提及，B选项排除。C选项“Straitford公司的业务具有不可预测性”，文章是说开放来源的情报有风险，不可预测，并不是说该公司的业务不可预测，所以C选项也不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.事实细节题。Straitford公司最引以为豪的是_。根据题干定位到文章最后一句话Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby

21、 agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司的情报不像通常的华盛顿来回推诿，即公司避免引人注目的声明，因为它们可能是错误的。弗里德曼说，Straitford公司以其独立的声音为荣。），显然他们为观点与华盛顿的不一致而骄傲。所以本题选B选项“不墨守成规的形象”符合题意。3. 单选题The scent of her perfume（ ）on i

22、n the classroom.问题1选项A.continuedB.lingeredC.coveredD.existed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continue“继续，逗留”continueon“继续”；B选项linger“消磨，缓慢度过”，lingeron“流连忘返，一直存在”；C选项cover“覆盖，包括”；D选项exist“存在，生存”，existon“靠为生”。句意：她的香水味在房间里久久不散。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。4. 单选题What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of

23、the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. T

24、he first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. The second aspect is the application

25、 by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosityhe wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually dire

26、cts his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems wh

27、ich this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate a

28、nalysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objective

29、ly to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look

30、for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place. There seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1.

31、Many people believe that science helps society to progress through （ ）.2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity（ ）?3. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not（ ）.4. What does the passage mainly discuss（ ）?5. What is the authors attitude towards the topic（ ）

32、?问题1选项A.applied knowledgeB.more than one aspectC.technology onlyD.the use of machines问题2选项A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to

33、look for new ways of acting.问题3选项A.easily believe in unchecked statements.B.easily criticize others research work.C.always use his imagination in work.D.always use evidence from observation.问题4选项A.Application of technology.B.Progress in modern society.C.Scientists ways of thinking and acting.D.How t

34、o become a successful scientist.问题5选项A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Biased.D.Unclear.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：很多人相信科学通过_帮助社会进步。通过题干关键词“Many people believe”定位到第二段第二句Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science（然而，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面），这里明

35、确指出社会进步要靠two different aspects of science，因此B选项正确。A选项“应用知识”，C选项“仅靠技术”，D选项“利用机器”，A，C，D选项都不够全面。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。2.细节判断题。题干：关于好奇心，以下哪个选项不正确？由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his cur

36、iosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上，他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系，即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的），选项B对应前一个分句，选项C对应and后的第二个分句。末句Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this inv

37、olves.（此外，他认为他可以改善现有的条件，并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。），表示他对自己有信心，且从这一过程获得愉悦，即pleasure，A也符合文意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。3.细节判断题。通过文章可知，一个成功的科学家不会_。根据第六段首句的内容，选项A中的unchecked statements是对“statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available”的概括，说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论，故选A。选项B“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致，所以排除B选项，选

38、项C“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除C选项，选项D“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除D选项。故排除。从文中可知，科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论，但是他不仅批判别人的工作，还批判自己的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自己观察所得。综上所述，本题正确答案是A选项。4.主旨大意题。题干：文章主要讨论的是？文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考，第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面，之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括，可见本文的主要内容是关注m

39、ethods of thinking and acting，故选C。A、B、D选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题正确答案是C选项。5.观点态度题。在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价，可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式，故选B“客观的”。A选项“批评的”，C选项“有偏见的”和D选项“不清楚的”，均不是作者的观点。综上所述，本题正确答案是B选项。5. 单选题Important people dont often have much free time as their work（ ）all their time.问题1选

40、项A.takes overB.takes awayC.takes inD.takes up【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take over“接管，借用”；B选项take away“拿走，带走”；C选项take in“吸收，接受”；D选项takes up“开始从事，占据”。句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。6. 单选题Good salesmen know by（ ）the best approach to take with a particular customer.问题1选项A.bentB.geniusC.i

41、nstinctD.faculty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bent“天赋，爱好”；B选项genius“天才，天赋”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项faculty“能力，功能”。句意：优秀的推销员凭直觉就知道应对特定客户的最佳方法。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。7. 单选题What type of automobile would you buy（ ）?问题1选项A.if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayB.If you are free to choose among al

42、l the cars available todayC.If all cars available was free to be chosen by youD.If you were free to choose among all the cars available today【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据题干主句What type of automobile would you buy，得知if引导的条件状语从句要用虚拟语气。主语谓语形式是would+动词原形，句子是对现在的虚拟。If条件状语从句应该用动词的过去式(be动词用were而不用was)，所以D选项符合题意。句意：如果你

43、可以在所有的汽车中自由选择，你会买什么类型的汽车？因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。8. 单选题Until then, his family（ ）from him for six years.问题1选项A.didnt hearB.hasnt been hearingC.hadnt heardD.hasnt heard【答案】C【解析】考查时态。题干中有关键的时间状语until then以及for six months提示谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时，表示过去已经发生的事情。句意：直到那时，他家里已经六个月没收到他的来信了。A选项 didn hear,一般过去时只

44、表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,不能与时间状语for six months，A选项排除，连用.B)hasn t been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C选项hasn t heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。9. 单选题The student,（ ）at the way the question was put forward, didnt know how to answe

45、r it.问题1选项A.to surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.to be surprised【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语“the student”和动词“surprise”之间是被动关系，所以本题应该选B选项：surprised。句意：这个学生对问题提出的方式感到惊讶，不知道如何回答。综上所述，B选项正确。10. 单选题Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（ ）closely.问题1选项A.followedB.followsC.followingD.to follow【答案】C【解析】

46、考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，C选项正确。copper following it closely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是

47、copper。又如：He stood there, book in hand.中的介词短语in hand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以book in hand为独立主格结构。）句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。11. 单选题What he said in the meeting（ ）everybody present.问题1选项A.repelledB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repel“抵制，使厌恶”；B选项dismiss“解散，不予考虑”；C选项dispose“处

48、理，处置”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他说的话令在场的所有人厌恶。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。12. 单选题The glassware in the box is（ ）; it has got to be handled with care.问题1选项A.crunchyB.fragileC.brittleD.crisp【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crunchy“易碎的，发出嘎吱嘎吱声的”，通常有响声的时候用，例如：The leaves crunched under my feet.（树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。）B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修饰使

49、用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的，例如：Be careful with that vaseit is very fragile.（拿那只花瓶要小心它很容易碎。），Hes feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.（他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。）C选项brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生气的”，指没有弹性或伸缩性的脆性材料，暗示受压或被扭曲时易碎，例如：As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.（随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。）D选项cr

50、isp“脆的，新鲜的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bake until the pastry is golden and crisp.（把油酥糕点烤至金黄酥脆。）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要轻拿轻放。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。13. 单选题Laboratory tests gave conclusive（ ）that the meat presents no risk to human health.问题1选项A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项possibility“可能性，可能的事”；B选项news“新

51、闻，信息”；C选项proof“证明，证据”；D选项fact“事实，实际”，句意：实验室测试提供了确凿的证据，证明这种肉类对人体健康没有危险。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。14. 单选题No one expected him to（ ）against his former employer.问题1选项A.deduceB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项testify“证明，证实”；C选项certify“证明，保证”；D选项allege“宣称，断言”。四个选项中，只有B选项可以和against搭配，te

52、stify against sb作不利于某人的证明。句意：没人指望他会指证他的前雇主。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。15. 单选题It is an offence to show（ ）against people of different races.问题1选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，差别”；B选项difference“差异，不同”；C选项separation “分离，分开”；D选项discrimination“歧视，区别”句意：歧视

53、其他种族的人是一种冒犯行为。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。16. 单选题We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Whos responsible? Actually, its more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and ever

54、ything that comes with itFacebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. R

55、eading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever beforethere are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolut

56、ion of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of w

57、riting possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to te

58、xts, pictures, and videos, in the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peac

59、e in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing wo

60、rld, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune

61、 with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenbergs invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that

62、 technology is out to destroy traditional culture.1. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?2.The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT（ ）.3. Which of the following can be best to describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?4. According to the passage,people need knowledge of modern technology and（ ）to survive in the fast-changing society.5. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.Paragraph OneB.Paragraph TwoC.Paragraph ThreeD.Paragraph Four问题2选项A.multimodal contentB.e