2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷58

《2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷58》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷58（22页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题There was only a small（ ）in the citys population over the last ten years.问题1选项A.intimacyB.incrementC.immortalityD.incidence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。intimacy “亲密，亲昵行为，隐私”；increment “增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不灭”；incidence“发生率，影响”。由句子中“the citys population 该市人口 ”确定B选项“增加”符合句意

2、，正确。2. 单选题With the increasing unemployment rate, female workers who are 45 to 55 years old are usually the first to be（ ）.问题1选项A.laid asideB.laid upC.laid outD.laid off【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。lay aside “放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把放 在一边”；lay up“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；lay out“设计; 展示，安排”；lay off “暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意随着

3、失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（ ）。确定D选项正确。3. 翻译题Scientists study the world in which we live. They do this by curiosity and they can become excited upon making novel discoveries and by finding means to explain yet unsolved questions. But scientists are normally not selfish; they like to share their excitem

4、ent with other people. They publish their findings so that these become widely accessible to all those interested.In fact, they communicate their results also in their own interest. Scientists are eager to talk with other scientists working on the same and similar problems. By exchanging results and

5、 ideas, they have a better chance of success and they can reach their goal more rapidly. Most often the objectives of their study, being it in the fields of physics, chemistry or biology, share the same properties anywhere in the world. The laws of nature are the same in Europe and in China. For thi

6、s simple reason the dialogue between scientists does not stop at political borders. Wherever in the world a scientist finds a colleague exploring the same problem, an exchange of their knowledge can help them to advance their studies. For these reasons international collaboration between scientists

7、is flourishing.There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say tha

8、t any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat, it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on

9、 the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of you cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten. People propose to themselves some paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not

10、minister to it.【答案】科学家研究我们居住的这个世界。他们受好奇心驱使，当有新发现、发现方法来解释那些未解之谜时他们会变得兴奋。科学家一般都不自私，他们乐于将喜悦分享给他人。他们将自己的发现出版，这样全世界对此有兴趣的人都能接触到。事实上，他们交流结果也是为了自己。科学家们渴望与其他研究相同和类似问题的同行交流。通过交换结果和想法，他们成功的机会更大，能更快达到目标。通常他们研究的目标大部分是属于物理、化学或者生物领域的，这些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特质。欧洲和中国的自然规律都是一样的。正是这个原因使得科学家之间的对话不会为政治界限所阻。只要科学家发现有同行在研究同一个问题，无

11、论在世界何处，交换各自的知识就能帮助对方推进研究。由于这些原因，科学家之间的国际合作蓬勃发展。很多人具备所有快乐的条件，比如健康以及足够的收入，但是他们却并不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题出在生活理论的错误上。在某个意义上，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是错误的。我们和动物的区别并没有想象中的大。动物的生活是冲动性的，只要外部条件合适，它们就会很快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶尔有机会出去玩，它就会很快乐。你的需求远比你的猫的要复杂，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，尤其是在讲英语的国家，这一点很容易被人遗忘。人们给自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切不利于实现这一目

12、标的冲动。4. 单选题These continual（ ）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.transitionsB.transformationsC.exchangesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transition“过渡”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项exchange“交换；交流”；D选项fluctuation“起伏；波动”。句意：温度的持续使人没法决定穿什么。只有气温上下波动，才让人不好选择穿什么衣服，因此D选项正确。

13、5. 单选题Unfortunately most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001: A Space Odyssey. Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001, which appeared in 1968, set new standards for science fiction films. During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction

14、movies released was compares to 2001, and all but a few were found sadly tacking.Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the movies power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score

15、which was adapted in large part from well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences. Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music.After 2001, the dominant

16、 theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by mans mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulation and the accompanying shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraord

17、inary controls on its citizens. No fewer than twenty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicles.In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction film were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising

18、to a greater or lesser degree a series of repetitive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligent life on other planets. Unlike the other science fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having sol

19、ved rather than aggravated ecological problems. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles hurtling through the blackness of the universe were reminiscent of the artistic standards set by 2001.1.In the authors opinion, most of science fiction films released in the 1970s were（ ）.2.The the

20、me of the majority of science fiction films made between 1970 and 1977 was（ ）.3.In the authors opinion, why was 2001 successful?4.What does the author most object to in the science fiction movies of the 1970s?问题1选项A.better than 2001: A Space OdysseyB.Not as good as 2001: A Space OdysseyC.almost the

21、same as Star WarsD.better than Star Wars问题2选项A.space travelB.life on other planetsC.ecological problems on earthD.wars between the earth and other planets问题3选项A.Because its budget was large.B.Because its camera work and musical score were blended artistically.C.Because its plot was repetitive.D.Beca

22、use its symbolism was very good.问题4选项A.He objects to their camera work.B.He does not like their music.C.He believes that their stories are too much alike.D.He criticizes their special effects.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，大部分70年代上映的科幻电影”。文章第一段第一句提到“不幸的是20世纪70年代大大部分科幻电影很少受2001太空漫游的影

23、响”（Unfortunately most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001: A Space Odyssey）；第一段最后一句提到“在接下来的十年里，所有上映的科幻电影都被拿来与2001做比较，但是除了少数几部电影外，其他的都不怎么样”（During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction movies released was compares to 2001, and all but a few

24、 were found sadly tacking），由此可知，其他的电影不如2001: A Space Odyssey，选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“大部分1979年到1977年间的科幻电影主题是”。文章第三段第一句提到“在2001太空漫游之后，科幻电影的主题从太空旅行转移到因人类对自然环境管理不善和极权主义国家对技术的滥用而导致的地球问题上”（After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems cr

25、eated on earth by mans mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state），所以选项C“地球生态问题”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么2001会成功，作者的观点是什么”。文章第二段提到“引人入胜的摄影工作被编辑来响应起伏的音乐”（Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music），选项B“因为它

26、的摄影工作与音乐是艺术的融合”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于20世纪70年代的科幻电影，作者反对的是”。文章第三段提到1970到1977年间29部电影围绕着同一个主题；最后一段提到“在这位影评家看来，直到1977年星球大战上映之前，科幻电影或多或少出现一系列重复情节”（In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction film were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser

27、 degree a series of repetitive plots），选项C“作者认为它们的故事情节有太多相似之处”符合题意。6. 单选题This book is the（ ）of some 20 years of scientific research.问题1选项A.participationB.toleranceC.allianceD.outcome【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的

28、。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。7. 翻译题没人否认创造力的重要性。的确，今后当几乎所有的标准程序均由计算机来完成时， 创造力会被证明为更重要。然而，创造力与智力不能等同起来。一位专家的聪明才智可 能表现在个或几个领域，但他对革新不一定感兴趣，或在这方面不一定成功。与此相似，尽管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我们没有发现智力测试与创造力测试两者之间的重要联系。的确，创造力好像更依赖于某种气质和个性一一敢于冒险，吃苦耐劳，锲而不舍，但首先要有改变现状，对社会留下深远影响的愿望，而不是提高各种信息处理的效率。【答案】No one denies the importance

29、 of creativity. Indeed, creativity will prove more important in the future when almost all standard programming is done by computers. However, creativity and intelligence cannot be equated. An experts intelligence may manifest itself in several or more areas, but he may not be interested in innovati

30、on or successful in it. Similarly, although innovation requires a certain level of mind, we have not found a significant link between tests of intelligence and tests of creativity. Indeed, creativity seems to depend more on a certain temperament and personality - the willingness to take risks, to wo

31、rk hard, to persevere, to have a wish to change the current situation and make a far-reaching influence on the society, rather than improve the efficiency of processing all kinds of information.8. 单选题It is difficult to distinguish between the things that charismatic figures do（ ）and those that are c

32、arefully contrived for effect.问题1选项A.formallyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.willfully【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。formally “正式地，形式上”；publicly “公然地，以公众名义”；spontaneously “自发地，不由自主地”；willfully “故意地，任性固执地”。 根句意我们很难区分有颂袖气质是人（ ）做出的事情还是那些为了做样子而故意策划出事情。可知空格处所填词要跟“carefully contrived for effect为了做样子而故意策划”对应，所以C选项“自发地”正确。9. 单选

33、题The house was very quiet,（ ）as it was on the side of a mountain.问题1选项A.isolatedB.isolatingC.being isolatedD.having been isolated【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这栋房子非常安静，由于它在山麓上而被隔离开了。后半句句子的主语是it, 指代前面的house，house与isolate是动宾关系，即“房子被隔离”，因此应该用过去分词形式。根据句意，选项A符合题意。10. 翻译题After I gave a talk on the subject of happin

34、ess, a woman in the audience stood up and said, “I wish my husband had come.” “Much as I loved him,” she explained, “it wasnt easy being married to someone so unhappy.” This woman enabled me to put into words what I had been searching foraltruistic, as well as the personal, reasons for taking happin

35、ess seriously. I told her that each of us owes it to our spouse, our children, and our friends to be as happy as we can.I was not a particularly happy child, and like most teenagers, I took pleasure in my anguish. One day, however, it occurred to me that I was taking the easy way out. Anyone could b

36、e unhappy; it took no courage and effort. True achievement lay in struggling to be happy. The notion that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume its a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control. B

37、ut the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be fought and not a feeling to be awaited. To achieve a happy life, its necessary to overcome some stumbling blocks.We all know people who have had a relatively easy life yet are essentially unhappy. And we know peopl

38、e who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to complain, but its truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy.【答案】在我做了一

39、场以快乐为主题的报告之后，一位女士听众站起来说：“要是我丈夫也能来听报告就好了。”她解释说：“虽然我很爱他，可是同一个不快乐的人做夫妻真不是件容易的事情。”这位女士用语言表达出了我一直在探索的一个道理认真对待快乐，即可利己，也有利于他人。我告诉她，为了我们的配偶、孩子和朋友，我们每个人都应尽可能快乐。以前，我像大多数十几岁的少年一样，并不是一个特别快乐的孩子，经常在苦中求乐。然而，有一天，我突然意识到，我是在贪图省事。任何人都可以不开心，这不需要勇气和努力。真正的成就在于努力奋斗去获得快乐。对许多人来说，我们必须努力去正确快乐这一概念是一件新鲜事。我们以为，快乐是一种感觉，是我们碰到好事的结果

40、，我们很难掌控它。然而事实恰好相反，在很大程度上我们可以控制快乐。这是一场需要为之拼搏，而不是坐等。为了实现快乐的人生，我们需要克服一些障碍。众所周知，生活相对简单的人基本上并不快乐。而有一些人，他们经历了巨大的痛苦却往往仍然是快乐的。第一大秘诀就是感恩。所有快乐的人都怀有感恩的心。没有感恩之心的人不可能快乐。我们往往认为，不快乐会导致人们抱怨。但事实却是抱怨让人变得不快乐。11. 单选题The awful truth about toxic waste dumping in their neighborhood（ ） many community members.问题1选项A.informe

41、dB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。inform “通知，告诉”；appease “安抚，缓和，对.让步”； provoke “激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive “欺骗”；根据句意有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（ ）了很多社区成员。确定C选项正确。12. 单选题The volcano laid（ ）now, but we felt sure it would erupt again within the year.问题1选项A.inactiveB.slackC.elevatedD.inattentive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析

42、题。inactive “不活动的，不活跃的”；slack “懒惰的，懈怠 的”；elevate “举起，提起”；inattentive “不注意的，漫不经心的”；根据句意尽管火山目前是（ ）状态，但是我们确信今年它会再次喷发。确定A选项正确。13. 单选题Lincoln, who many regard as one of our great presidents, was often（ ）despite his reputation of telling good jokes.问题1选项A.brightB.optimisticC.gloomyD.cheerful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词

43、义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright “明亮的”；optimistic “乐观的”；gloomy “阴郁的”；cheerful “快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。14. 单选题It is no（ ）that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.问题1选项A.coincidenceB.correspondenceC.inspirationD.i

44、ntuition【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项coincidence“巧合；一致；同事发生”；B选项correspondence“通信；一致；相当”；C选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计”；D选项intuition“直觉；直觉力”。句意：大量的暴力犯罪都是在酒精的影响下发生的，这并不是。综合选项与句意可知，此处应表示“这并不是巧合（偶然）”符合语境。A选项正确的。15. 单选题A membership card（ ）the holder to use the clubs facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.ap

45、provesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项approve“批准；赞成；为提供证据”；B选项authorize“批准；认可；授权给”；C选项rectify“改正；精馏”；D选项endow“赋予；捐赠；天生具有”。句意：持有会员卡的人在12个月内使用俱乐部的设施。有会员卡的人自然是“被授权”使用俱乐部设施，B选项正有authorize sb. to“授权某人做”这一用法。16. 单选题Obviously he has done a very terrible thing today, but（ ） , he cant be he

46、ld responsible in the criminal justice system.问题1选项A.justifiablyB.legallyC.reasonablyD.understandingly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显他今天做了件非常恐怖的事，但是法律上他无法被刑事司法制度判为有罪。justifiably “公平地”；legally “法律地”；reasonably “合理地”；understandingly “有理解力地”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。17. 单选题Printmaking is the generic term for a number of

47、processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China fro

48、m the fifth century A. D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed p

49、arallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.

50、Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmiths art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, “to carve”). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or bu

51、rin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving

52、 lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images.

53、 A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.1.What

54、 does the passage mainly discuss?2.The authors purposes in paragraph 2 are to describe（ ）.3.The word “incised” in line 15 is closest in meaning to（ ）.4.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?5.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT

55、 that they（ ）.问题1选项A.The origins of textile decoration.B.The characteristics of good-quality prints.C.Two types of printmaking.D.Types of paper used in printmaking.问题2选项A.the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB.the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC.the process involved in creating a

56、 woodcutD.the introduction of woodcuts to Europe问题3选项A.burnedB.cutC.framedD.baked问题4选项A.Their designs are slightly raised.B.They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C.They were first used in Europe.D.They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.问题5选项A.can be reproduce

57、d on materials other than paperB.are created from a reversed imageC.show variations between light and dark shadesD.require a printing press【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中心句：版画是一系列工艺的总称，其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子（Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processe

58、s, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples），接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻，所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源：公元五世纪中国开始采用，主要用于纺织；十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程，因此选项C符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“图片被进一块高度抛光的金属板”（The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate），

59、由此可以推测出incised有“雕刻”的意思。选项B符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，木刻与雕刻的共同点是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版画很适合多图制作”（Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images），可知选项D符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，下列关于出版哪项是错误的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中国，用于纺织，由此可知选项A描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“当纸被拿掉时，图像会附着在纸上，但是方向是相反的”（When the paper is removed, the im

60、age adheres to it, but in reverse），由此可知选项B描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一张纸（或其他材料）压在一个装有油墨的承载图像的表面上”（Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied），由此可知选项D描述正确，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。18. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately

61、alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family li

62、fe to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked hav

63、oc on（扰乱）Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）