2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）（32页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad

2、 range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but al

3、l linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet Univer

4、sity poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware，produced by a few superstar teachers，marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the Univ

5、ersity of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note A

6、ustralian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education，that does not mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangers will necessarily follow. Counter-movements

7、 are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors coul

8、d focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (ra

9、ther than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mi

10、xing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be

11、 learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as

12、well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenor even

13、duringsessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a domina

14、nt technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, _.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet Uni

15、versity?3.According to the review，what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers _.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is

16、balancedC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce

17、 teachers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent re

18、searchB.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“A computerized university c

19、ould have many advantages, such as easy scheduling”，可知作者一方面认为网络大学存在很多优势，比如课程安排等等。根据文章第三段，“Yet the Internet University poses dangers”，作者认为网络大学也有很多隐藏着的危险，所以优缺点都有体现。选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段, “marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominat

20、e the global education marketsuch a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work”，可知大学存在的危险包括由几位明星教师编著的课程大肆宣扬后会主宰教育市场，并且降低实体教育的意义，使教职工失业等，文

21、中并未提及互联网课程的费用问题。选项A符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句，“instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world?”，可知大学的教育的根本使命就是基本的技术

22、训练和培养学生的职业技能，选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第六段和第七段，“Some would act as brokersA second group, mentorsA third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers.”可知，未来大学教师的三种角色是经纪人、导师和决策制定者。根据文章第六段， “charismatic sages and practitioners leading group

23、s of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.”，第三种教师角色是带领着学生同事共同寻找解决某些特定现实世界问题的精神的以及合理的和技术性的方法。所以他们的任务更加艰巨了。选项C符合题意。 5.考查文体。纵观全文，第一段进行了导入，简短地介绍了转型中的大学这个本书，接下来第二段和第三段分别阐述了网络大学的优点和缺点，紧接着阐述了网络大学可能给未来带

24、来的影响，以及教师们的角色的变化等等，所以本文对网络大学进行了一系列的说明和阐述，为说明文，选项D符合题意。2. 单选题It was _ to continue the negotiation since both sides lack the sincerity.问题1选项A.fertileB.futileC.fugitiveD.fussy【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。fertile“多产的，富饶的”；futile “无效的，无用的”；fugitive“逃亡的，无常的”；fussy “大惊小怪的，爱挑剔的”。句意：因为双方都缺少真诚，继续谈判是无效的。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The

25、dictators first step was to _ the free press.问题1选项A.strangleB.strandC.stratifyD.estrange【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。strangle “压制，使窒息”；strand“使搁浅，陷入困境”；stratify “分层”；estrange “使疏远，离间”。句意：独裁者的第一步是压制言论自由。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very

26、（ ）.问题1选项A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。obscure “费解的，不清楚的”；indefinite “不明确的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人听懂教授的讲课，因为主题让人费解。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counter

27、parts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities se

28、em to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest time，when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only o

29、f sunbaked clay，but with battlements, turrets, loopholes，drawbridges, etc. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan，its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very

30、few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to

31、 another. The slightest technical slip would, however，be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this h

32、appy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with ac

33、curacy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in ones own house and fire at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag，and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far

34、 below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Riflethieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its ge

35、nial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing，advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to

36、 be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair)，but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valle

37、ys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the“butcher and bolt policy” to which the Government

38、 of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the las

39、t method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole

40、series of quarrels took their origin from this source.1.The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph means _.2.Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?3.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _.4.Building roads by the

41、 British _.5.A suitable title for the passage would be _.问题1选项A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains问题2选项A.Melting snows.B.Large population.C.Steep hillsides.D.Fertile valleys.问题3选项A.the introduction of the rifleB.the spread of British ruleC.the extension of luxuriesD.the spread of trade问题4选项A.put an

42、 end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from carrying on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life问题5选项A.Campaigning on the Indian FrontierB.Why the Pathans Resented the British RuleC.The Popularity of Rifles among the PathansD.The Path

43、ans at War【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan，its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are lef

44、t unpaid.”，可知每座村庄都设有自己的防卫。每个家族都有自己的仇恨，每个部落都有宿仇。无数部落和部落联合体都有自己的理由与其他部落清算。人们不会忘记任何事情，并且有仇必报。所以这里的债务是指宿仇和仇杀。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population”，可知土地丰饶，只要些许劳作就足以供养稀少人口的物质需求。所以人口并不多。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“ c

45、onvenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it.”，可知步枪的便捷受到了前所未有的欢迎。这个在1 500码远的地方可精确杀死对手的武器给每一个能拥有它的家庭或家族带来了新的希望。所以帕

46、坦人是欢迎步枪这种武器的引入的。选项A符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies.”，他们通过威胁恐吓、堡垒、补助等方式来确保这些道路的安全。所以没有减少补贴，可排除选项C。根据文章第三段，“All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another,”可知英国政府要求沿路周围的人们保持安静，不许相互射杀，所以帕坦部落并没有过着

47、安静的生活，可排除选项D。根据文章第三段最后一句，“It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.”，可知一切斗争都源于这些道路的修建，一系列的争吵并没有结束，排除选项A。选项B符合题意。 5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了印度边境的环境和活动，第二段提到了步枪引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了欢迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人对英国政府的不满，并且讲到了帕坦部落对英国政府的修路意图尤其憎恨，这也是一切斗争的根源。由此可见，本文主要介绍了帕坦部落的生活环境，对步枪的喜爱以

48、及对英国政府的憎恶等各方面的内容。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题This method _ my headache. It really takes effect.问题1选项A.soothesB.sobersC.soarsD.soaks【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。soothes“安慰，缓和”；sobers “使严肃，使清醒”；soars“上升，高耸”；soaks“浸泡，渗透”。句意：这种方法减轻了我的头痛，真的起了作用。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题No form of government in the world is _; each system reflects the history

49、 and presents needs of the region and the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“统治的，支配的”；influential “有影响的，有权势的”；integral “整体的”；drastic “严厉的，激烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何形式的政府是统治性的，每种制度都反映了历史，反映了地区，反映了宗教和国家的需要。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Forty years ago no one was concerned about the h

50、ealth of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over-harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days，the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that if the trends conti

51、nued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse, had we, and others，not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the ne

52、ed to protect it.During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medium availablepersonal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to th

53、e Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them，exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal m

54、edium yet developed.For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels. Im swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find Im not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I hav

55、e been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean-Michel Cousteaus World: Cities Under the Sea-Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented our Cities under the Sea CD-ROM to a

56、 group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning process，thanks to the flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded them when t

57、hey got the correct answers.I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hope

58、fully the next generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a bett

59、er futureit is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.1.Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean because_.2.The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that _.3.The writer went to Fiji to_.4.The writers attitude to the prospect

60、of the ocean is_.5.According to the passage, who shall we fall back on for a better future for the environment?问题1选项A.the ocean was immune to any pollution thenB.they didnt know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disruptedC.there was no computer thenD.there wasnt any problem with the ocean a

61、t that time问题2选项A.the computer is as smart as human beingsB.the computer is friendly with human beingsC.human beings can interact with the computer and do what they want at their willD.human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage问题3选项A.participate in a celebrationB.teach children

62、 there how to use the computerC.make an adventure in the seaD.spend the holiday on the seashore问题4选项A.desperateB.unconcernedC.optimisticD.pragmatic问题5选项A.Our predecessors.B.Politicians.C.Computers.D.Young people.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句，“if the trends continued people wo

63、uld face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care”，说明关于海洋问题在将来给人们带来的经济和健康问题，人们还不在乎也不理解，所以不知道海洋问题带来的后果。选项B符合题意。 2.推断题。根据第二段最后一句话，可知作者对怀疑主义者认为的人性化印象深刻。根据前一句，“Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them，exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates.”，多亏了网络和电脑，人