2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第18期

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Have you thought what the（ ）might be if you didnt win your case in court?问题1选项A.applicationsB.connotationsC.implicationsD.complications【答案】D【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。applications“应用；试用”；connotations“内涵；含义”；implications“含义”；complications“并发症；难题”，根据if you didnt win your c

2、ase“如果你没有赢得官司”，可知此处要表达的意思是会遇到难题、困境，所以此处应该选择名词complications，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：你有没有想过如果你没有赢得这场官司，你将会面临何种难题？2. 单选题The young man liked the graceful girl next to the door at the first sight; the feeling is（ ）,as the girl smiled slightly at him.问题1选项A.mutualB.visibleC.literalD.inevitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mu

3、tual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑。根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe mor

4、e were（ ）.问题1选项A.on the verge ofB.on the slyC.on the spotD.on the loss【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。on the verge of“濒临于；接近于”；on the sly“偷偷地”；on the spot“在场；立刻；处于困境”；on the loss一般与of连用表示“丧失”，此处填的介词短语应该与爆炸案件有关，所以此处只能选择on the spot表示“在场”（这里指的是在案发现场）。句意：自杀爆炸事件过去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因为他们相信的人可能更多。故正确答案为选项C。4. 单选题The houses

5、 in this area were all reacted in（ ）of housing regulations.问题1选项A.complianceB.defianceC.allianceD.obedience【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配题。compliance“顺从；服从”；defiance“蔑视；挑战；反抗”；alliance“联盟；联合”；obedience“服从；遵守”，根据横线前后的in和of可知此处只能选择defiance，in defiance of表示“不顾；无视”。句意：这个地区的房子建得都很不房屋规范。故正确答案为选项B。5. 单选题Having decided to

6、 rent a flat we（ ）contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.问题1选项A.set outB.set toC.set aboutD.set off【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。set out“动身；着手做某事”；set to“开始做某事”；set about“开始做某事”；set off“出发；动身”，set to后面应该接动词原形，此句中的动词是用的现在分词形式，所以可以排除选项B；选项D是“出发，动身去某地”的意思， 不符合此处的语境；set out一般与不定式to do连用，所以可以排除选项A

7、，故正确答案为选项C。6. 写作题Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology. W

8、rite your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.【答案】【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wang,I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit my work as an editor in your company af

9、ter serious consideration. I am apologizing for the inconvenience which I would bring to you.During two months working in your company, I have learned a lot about how to work in a world-famous company. However, I gradually find out that I am not very suitable for this job. I think I should look for

10、an occupation which could make the most use of my talent and ability.Thank you again for giving me this opportunity, and Id like to express my regret again. Finally, I wish your company will achieve greater success in the future.Yours sincerely, Li Ming7. 单选题NASA is casting a wider net in the space

11、shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（ ）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembarkC.disintegrateD.disinherit【答案】C【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四

12、个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候了。故正确答案为选项C。8. 不定项选择题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice Network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United

13、States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John

14、Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by u

15、sing firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in selfdefensea preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individ

16、uals to carry concealed firearms to deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to ye

17、ar. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment.Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that g

18、uns and Americas “gun culture” are responsible for Americas high rate of murder. In Bellevilles opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among whites, whi

19、ch was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assumed gun and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural chang

20、es encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiless low estimates

21、 of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and has thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong.Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scho

22、lars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.1

23、. Which of the following statement is true about the public debate over gun control?2. The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to（ ）.3. The authors main criticism of John Lott is that he（ ）.4. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?5. The passage is primarily

24、concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice Network.B.Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.C.The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.D.Many social science historians have so far faile

25、d to take part in it.问题2选项A.illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun controlB.refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimesC.support the thesis that gun ownership leads to more violenceD.demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of

26、 the gun ownership history问题3选项A.advocates private ownership of firearmsB.is not objective in his analysisC.has analyzed a wrong periodD.has cited dubious statistics问题4选项A.Gun control should be tightened.B.Guns have little to do with murder.C.“Gun culture” was the result of high homicide rates in Am

27、erica.D.The statistics that earlier historians produced of gun ownership is reliable.问题5选项A.resolving a public dispute over gun controlB.describing the effects of earlier studies on gun controlC.analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun controlD.summarizing the recent development in the

28、 studies of gun control【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。下面哪一个关于公众对枪支的控制的陈述是正确的？选项A “它对犯罪与司法网创建的论坛的影响很小”；选项B“枪支控制的支持者和反对者都没有引用 学者的观点”；选项C“主流社会科学家的观点对其有很大的影响”；选项D“许多社会科学历史学家目前不能够参与其中”，根据文章第一段中“It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians 它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导”，可知社会科学历史学家

29、对犯罪与司法网所创建的论坛的影响极大，由此可知其对民众的看法也具有很大的影响，可知正确答案为选项C。第2题:推理判断题。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是为了，选项A“说明他们对枪支控制问题上的影响力”；选项B“反驳个人拥有枪火会阻止暴力犯罪这个观点”；选项C “支持枪支所有权会带来犯罪这个理论”；选项D“论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根据文章第一段中“It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary

30、Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite propound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. 它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导，尤其是Gary Kleck，John Lott，和Michael Bellesiles这样的学者，他们的理论尽管存在缺陷，但还是被枪支控制问题的反对者和支持者在政治上所拥护”，可知这些学者的观点都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介绍他们的观点的时候也会强调他们的观点

31、所存在的一些问题，文章最后一段中得出结论我们需要运用更好的研究方式，了解更多关于枪支使用权的历史知识来更好地了解这个问题，所以作者引用Kleck，Lott和 Bellesile是为了论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善，故正确答案为选项D。第3题:推理判断题。对John Lott的主要批评是什么，选项A“提倡私人拥有枪支”；选项B“不是客观的分析”；选项C“分析了一个错误的时间”；选项D“引用了可疑的数据”， 根据文章第一段末尾“He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to ment

32、ion that echo of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. 他只报道了支持他的理论的回归模型而没有提及那些模型所反映出来的暴力犯罪与实际收入之间呈正相关，与失业问题呈反相关的问题”，由此可知John Lott的理论不够客观，忽略了很多相关的因素，故正确答案为选项B。第4题:推理判断题。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪个观

33、点？选项A“应该加强枪支控制”；选项B“枪支和谋杀没有任何关系”；选项C“枪支文化是美国杀人率高的原因”；选项D“早期的历史学家提供的关于拥有枪支的数据是值得信赖的”，根据文章第二段中“The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. 结果是前所未有的与枪支相关的杀人案，从来没有真正缓解”，可知Bellesiles会同意的观点是枪支提高了杀人率，故正确答案为选项C。第5题:主旨大意题。这篇文章主要关于选项A“解决公共争端枪支管制”；选项B “描述了早期的研究对枪支管制的影

34、响”；选项C“分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷”；选项D“总结枪支控制的研究在近几年内的发展”，这篇文章首先在第一段中作者就提出主流的社会科学家与历史学家的理论存在一些缺陷，并且在分析各学者的观点的时候都指出了这些缺陷，结尾也提出我们需要改善研究方法，所以这篇文章主要是为了分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷，故正确答案为选项C。9. 单选题She took up so many hobbies（ ）when she retired that she had hardly any time.问题1选项A.in handB.at handC.on her handsD.at her hand【答案】A【

35、解析】本题考查了同义词组辨析。in hand“在手中；掌握住”；at hand“在手边；即将到来”；on her hands“（双手）趴在地上”；at her hand“在她手上”，此处表达的意思是“掌握多门兴趣爱好”，所以要用词组in hand，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：在她退休在家几乎没有什么时间的时候她居然掌握了多门业余爱好。10. 单选题I must（ ）you on your handling of a very difficult situation.问题1选项A.meditateB.complementC.elaborateD.compliment【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词

36、辨析题。meditate“考虑，计划”；complement“补足；补充”；elaborate“详尽阐述”；compliment“称赞”，根据“在非常困难情况下做出的处理”这是一件值得表扬与称赞的事，此处使用compliment符合语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：我不得不为你在非常困难情况下做出的处理而称赞你。11. 不定项选择题The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as “boars” and “ca

37、rbonado” are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the middle A

38、ges it became widespread in north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name “boast” is given t

39、o this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called “industrial” diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cu

40、t and polish diamonds though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they are cut and polished.Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sh

41、arp blow with a cutting edge. A fully cut “brilliant” diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones are fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a min

42、ute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colors, or “water” as it is called. The usual coolers of diamonds are white, yel

43、low, brown, green or blue. Surrounding rocks and take on their color, thus black, red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They a

44、re fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps

45、 you own some diamonds without knowing it in your wristwatch!1. “Carbonado” is the name given to（ ）.2. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until（ ）.3. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders（ ）.4. The value order of water in diamond（ ）.5. Industrial diamonds

46、are used（ ）.问题1选项A.only the very best diamondsB.lumps of pure carbonC.Spanish diamondsD.diamonds made up of many small crystals问题2选项A.the fourteenth centuryB.the fifteenth centuryC.the sixteenth centuryD.the seventeenth century问题3选项A.to facilitate accurate cuttingB.to make them shine more brilliantl

47、yC.so that they can revolve more easilyD.as a steel holder might damage the diamond问题4选项A.is more important than their colorB.ranges from blue-white upwardsC.ranges from blue white downwardsD.has never been reliably established问题5选项A.for a wide range of purposesB.mainly for dentists drillsC.for deco

48、ration in rings and watchesD.principally in mass-produced jewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中 “Less perfect forms, known as boars and carbon ado are clusters of tiny crystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以

49、“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when. 然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻

50、石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架 会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixed into copper holders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve 一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没

51、有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“depends greatly on their color, or water as it is called 很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的水度”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”， 根据最后一段中的内容“它们

52、被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。12. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（

53、 ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fall short是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。13. 单选题People innately（ ）for superiority over th

54、eir peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。strive“努力；抗争”；ascertain“确定；查明”；justify“证明合法”；adhere“坚持；依附”，根据句子结构可知此处应该填入一个动词与for构成词组，根据后面的superiority，分析四个选项可知此处填入strive最为恰当。句意：人天生会去使自己比别人优越，尽管这经常以对权利极大的欲望来体现。

55、故正确答案为选项A。14. 不定项选择题Just about everyone knows the meaning of “value” though youd never know it from the excesses of the Eighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It waked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic ti

56、mes, consumers wake up. Now, to the extent that theyre buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers the most for the monkey not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions.

57、Companies that understand this new consumer have come up with something new: “value marketing”.A word of caution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphous into buzzwords and value is no exception. Were not taping about ads that merely boast of a products value or even such legitima

58、te sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more than just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with ads, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself. In value marketing, marketing becomes part

59、of the system for delivering value to the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a program might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer, through 800 num

60、bers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly.These and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tanker added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices. Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for mon

61、ey, an improved product, enhanced nice, and added features, are just that U.S. business needs to enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. Thats why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business.1. Cons

62、umers have waken up because of（ ）.2. Many consumers are choosing the commodities（ ）.3. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products（ ）.4. Communications with customers may be improved（ ）.5. A value marketing program may not include（ ）.问题1选项A.the poor products they boughtB.the high price

63、they paid for what they boughtC.the difficult economic timesD.a horrible dream问题2选项A.that are preciousB.that are warrantedC.that can show their statusD.that deliver the most for the money问题3选项A.that were most expensiveB.that were up-to-dateC.that could show their statusD.that were in fashion问题4选项A.through annual customers congressB.through the free 800 numbersC.th