2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第12期

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 写作题As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.【答案】It seems very ridiculous that people living so near dont know each other for such a long time. However, the condition is performed

2、 everywhere. It is the exact reflection of interpersonal relationships in the modem world where most people live in apartments. They close their doors and never go out as soon as they get home from work. If they live alone, they will kill their time by watching TV or reading magazines. They don t ha

3、ve any connections even with their closest neighbors，who seem no different from people they meet every day in the street.This phenomenon is neither good to us, nor to our society. People will feel lonely and become more and more indifferent so that interpersonal relationships are not harmonious. Int

4、erpersonal communication is very important to us. Firstly, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than those with strong social ties.

5、Steady interpersonal communication contributes to the longevity of our lives. Secondly, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the way we interact wit

6、h other people. We decide what we are like based on how others react to us. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world, and to care for others and know that they care for us, thus to have a s

7、ense of affection and friendship. Lastly, interpersonal communication is the means of important information in every respect, which makes us well informed and helps us to grow.To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We should pay great

8、 attention to the amount of interpersonal communication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, psychological needs, social needs and practical needs.2. 单选题Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people we

9、re ready to buy _ at any price.问题1选项A.orderB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。order “命令，顺序”；emancipation “解放，释放”；hope “希望”；liberty “自由”。句意：被二十年实质无政府状态所动摇，大多数人们将不惜一切代价购买规则。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by

10、 us with detailed _ and means of packing.问题1选项A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。specification “规格，规范”；specimen “范例；样品，样本”；inspection “检查”；sample “样品，例子”。句意：为了使你对我们的产品有个大致的了解，随函寄上我们各种产品的目录，包括详细的规格介绍和包装方式。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between

11、countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；enhance “加强”；guarantee “保证”；gear “开动，使合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and

12、exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The spy gave General Washington a(n) （ ）report on enemy activities.问题1

13、选项A.confidentB.influentialC.confidentialD.substantial【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。confident “自信的”；influential “有影响力的”； confidential “机密的”；substantial “实质的”。句意：这个间谍给了华盛顿总统一个有关于敌人活动的机密报告。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignatio

14、nB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题1.There was once a harmony

15、town in this country where all life seemed to live in with its surroundings.2.The government has devoted a larger slice of its national budget to agriculture than most other countries.3.If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely if I waited a year or so一that at

16、some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer.4.Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we will have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members inclinations without interfering with anyone else.5.Its

17、 goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of thingsfrom subnuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole.Translate the follow

18、ing sentences into Chinese【答案】1. 这个国家曾经有一个和谐的小镇，所有的生命几乎和周围的环境都和谐相处。2. 政府把国家大部分的预算都用于农业，比其他国家都要多。3. 如果我的厨房里只有十几个空气分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某个时刻，六个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。4. 我们不是要建立一个美好但是难于管理的全球村，而是建立一个由独立群体组成的世界，这些群体在不干涉他人的情况下迎合自己的喜好。5. 它的目标是探究出世界的运行机制，寻求可能存在的规律，并且渗透到事物之间的联系中去从构成所有物质的亚核粒子，到生物体，到人类社会群体，甚至整个宇宙。9. 单选题In th

19、e process of development we should（ ）heart that social life is based on exchange.问题1选项A.take fromB.take toC.take forD.take in【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。take from “降低；减少”；take to “喜欢；走向；开始从事”；take for “认为；以为”；take in “吸收；领会；理解”。句意：在发展过程中，我们应该领会到社会生活是以交流为基础的。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题（ ）there was not a soul around except s

20、ome cars passing occasionally.问题1选项A.Over nightB.At duskC.In the dead of nightD.Fortnight【答案】C【解析】词组短语辨析。over night “过夜”；at dusk “傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night “夜深人静之时”；fortnight “两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortab

21、le means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a

22、large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds，catarrhs （黏膜炎）and c

23、onsumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. Thesudden p

24、lunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would e

25、qualize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.

26、 Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few modes except speed. In the matter of comf

27、ort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic （滑稽的）press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being en

28、quired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second- and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculi

29、ar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1.All boys and girls in large families know that_.2.According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the follo

30、wing except_.3.According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but_.4.We may safely conclude that_.5.What is the tone of this passage?问题1选项A.a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB.people tend to be together more than they used to beC.a lot of people being together ma

31、kes fights likelyD.railway leads the world to peace问题2选项A.the railway enables people to travel fastB.the railway brings comfort to peopleC.the railway makes the world peacefulD.the railway leads the world to war as well问题3选项A.tunnels are dangerous to public healthB.the noise and the glare of the eng

32、ine fire may affect peoples nervesC.the rapid speed through the air does damage to peoples lungsD.to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die问题4选项A.the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB.the author belongs to the for-railway groupC.the author speaks high

33、ly of the railwayD.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers问题5选项A.Practical.B.Satirical.C.Humorous.D.Exaggerated.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“the more we are together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family know

34、s that.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“would be most dangerous to public health”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“The deafening no

35、ise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“would do grave injury to delicate lungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive ar

36、mies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。 12. 单选题A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a（ ）instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or bl

37、ocks of stone.问题1选项A.distinctionB.correctionC.precautionD.precision【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。distinction “区别”；correction “改正”；precaution “预防”；precision “精确的”。句意：用来称药品和珠宝的是一种精密仪器，这种仪器不合适称煤、沙或石块的重量。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _， and therefore _ external factors su

38、ch as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned. immune toB.innate. unaffected byC.intricate. belong toD.specific. confused with【答案】B【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned “有学问的”；innate “与生俱来的”；intricate “复杂的，错综的”；specific “明确的，详细的”。immune to “不受影响的”；unaffec

39、ted by “不受影响的”；belong to “属于”；confused with “对困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.enrollingB.assignin

40、gC.involvingD.consenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。enroll “登记，注册”；assign “分配，指派”；involve “涉及”；consent “允许，赞成”。句意：1994年世界银行的报告总结道，学校注册招收女孩可能在现今的发展中国家中是对抗贫困最有效的政策。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The UN official said aid programs will be _ until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.问题1选项A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spanne

41、dD.suspended【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。multiple “增加”；arrest “逮捕”；span “跨越”；suspend “推迟，延缓”。句意：这位联合国官员说救援项目将会被推迟，直到对救援人员有足够的保护为止。选项D符合题意。16. 写作题Describe children surfing the net briefly and give your comments.【答案】Nowadays, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a co

42、llection of various services and resources for people. Almost all households have access to the Internet ； however, before people connecting the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Children of net users have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dange

43、rs involved when their children log onto the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could actually be talking to a harmful person. As a result, there have been many cases where children have

44、 been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate mate

45、rial. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area； thus, children come across such sites easily.We could control the issue from the following three aspects. First and foremost, parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because th

46、ere are available services to protect children. Further, to keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online and should talk to children about what is online and what might happen online. In addition, the companies should

47、 develop a number of tools available today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. In other words, children want to explore things； however, there are people on the Internet that are just too persuasive.17. 翻译题Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population t

48、o the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.【答案】直到人类意识到把人口减到一半，直到能使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物，否则人们将必须接受更多的“人造食品”。18. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while

49、young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题John was so in his book that he did not hear th

50、e doorbell ring.问题1选项A.engagedB.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。absorbed “全神贯注的”；engaged “使用中的”；occupied “已占用的”；concentrated “集中注意力的”，本题用be absorbed in“全神贯注于”更为合适。句意：约翰如此全神贯注地阅读书籍，以至于他没有听到门铃。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was s

51、urprised that her _ were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory. stylesB.obvious. anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical. eulogies【答案】C【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。laudatory “赞美的”；obvious “明显的”；oblique “不光明正大的”；critical “批判的”。style “风格”；anecdote “轶事，奇闻”；allusion “暗示，提及”；eulogy “悼词，颂词”。句意：作者间接地指出了她的朋友们的不当之处，但是使她惊讶的是，这种暗示得到了大家的认可。选项C符合题意。