2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷27

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of （ ） , ranging from colds to back pains.问题1选项A.complimentsB.ailmentsC.implementsD.commitments【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment 承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。2. 单选

2、题Big cites today are confronted with very serious problems. Transport is a （1 ）difficulty: some planners believe in （2 ） transport system; others believe in making it possible for citizens to move （3 ） in private cars. There are several ways of （4 ） a public transport system. Sometimes it is built u

3、nder the ground, sometimes it is on the （5 ） , and sometimes it is even above ground level, （6 ） in parts of New York and more crime and Tokyo for example. In most cases, of course, it is a （7 ） of some or all of these elements.The （8 ） of the city centers has also been a problem in the last 30 year

4、s. The hearts of many cities have become poorer and poorer, （9 ） more and more crime and violence, （10 ） the people who can afford to have moved out to the （11） . This is the opposite of the situation 100 years ago, （12） wealthy people lived in the center, and the poor lived （13 ） the outskirts of t

5、he city.Ecological problems also （14） , as factories and cars pollute the air,tree are cut down to make （15 ） for urban clearways, and crowded conditions cause garbage to （16 ） in the streets.In order to solve these problems, some planners believe we should limit the size of our cities, perhaps by r

6、estricting population, or perhaps by offering （17） jobs in the provinces. Others believe that cities cannot be limited in size and that the problems must be solved in a （18） of waysby creating green areas, building （19 ） houses for everybody, stopping factory pollution, （20 ） motor transport, and so

7、 on.问题1选项A.minorB.majorC.littleD.small问题2选项A.massB.messC.massyD.messy问题3选项A.outsideB.throughC.acrossD.about问题4选项A.setting upB.making upC.taking upD.building up问题5选项A.fieldB.earthC.surfaceD.soil问题6选项A.likeB.asC.sameD.similar问题7选项A.cooperationB.imitationC.separationD.combination问题8选项A.decreaseB.declin

8、eC.reductionD.release问题9选项A.orB.beingC.withD.against问题10选项A.whileB.thoughC.becauseD.even问题11选项A.suburbsB.downtownsC.countrysidesD.rural问题12选项A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why问题13选项A.onB.inC.atD.by问题14选项A.ariseB.riseC.arouseD.raise问题15选项A.placeB.pathC.roadD.way问题16选项A.composeB.presentC.accumulateD.dispose问题17

9、选项A.potentialB.attractiveC.competitiveD.secure问题18选项A.variousB.variableC.varietyD.varying问题19选项A.decentB.fundamentalC.delicateD.eternal问题20选项A.developingB.forbiddingC.reformingD.eliminating【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:B第9题:C第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:C第19题:A第2

10、0题:D【解析】1.结合上下文：现在的大城市正面临着许多严重的问题，而交通则是一个最主要的难题。选项B符合原文句意。2.固定搭配。mass transport system指公共交通体系。本句意思：有些规划者相信公共交通体系可以解决这一问题。3.move outside 外迁; move through跨过;move across跨过;move about走来走去。 根据句意： 另外一些人相信公民可以驾驶私家汽车出行。4.set up建立;make up组成,编造;take up拿起,占据, build up增进, 增强。 这里指建立公共交通系统，所以选项A正确。5.结合上下文可知，这里指在地

11、面上。on the field在操场上,在田野上;on the earth在地面上；on the surface在表面上, 在外表上,on the soil在土壤上 。所以选项B符合原文。6.根据原文句意可知，这里是以纽约和东京的部分地区为例。下文的for example决定了这里只能填入as，其他选项均不正确。7.根据句意：大多数情况下，它们是所有这些元素的结合。所以选项D正确。combination of是.的结合, cooperation一般与with搭配，指与.合作。8.根据句意这里应该指城市中心的衰退，只有选项B符合，其他选项不用来修饰city centers。9.这里是一个插入语，

12、所以用with表伴随。选项C正 确。句意:许多市中心变得越來越贫穷, 犯罪事件和暴力行为也越来越多。10.根据填空处后面的the people who can afford可推测，这里应填入while表示两种情况形成对比。11.根据句意可推测，这里应该选择一个和市中心相对的词语。suburb 郊区; downtown 市区; countryside和 rural均指 乡下; 农村。所以选项A更恰当。12.根据句子结构和句意判断, 这里应填入引导时间状语的关系副词when，所以选项C正确。13.固定搭配。on the outskirts of 为固定搭配，指在郊区。14.形近词辨析。arise产

13、生;rise升髙, 上升;站起来, 起床;arouse唤醒, 通常接意识, 觉悟等词;raise 提起, 举起,抚养。根据句意：生态问题也随之产生。选项A符合句意。15.固定搭配。make way for sth.表示给.让路。16.根据句意, 这里指垃圾在街道上聚集。accumulate增加, 聚集; compose组成, 构成;present 出现, 出席;dispose处理, 处置。选项C符合句意。17.potential潜在的 ;attractive有吸引力的;competitive 有竞争力的;secure 牢固的,可靠的。句意：为了解决这些问题，一些规划者认为我们应该限制城市的规模

14、，比如限制人口，在地方提供有吸引力的工作。选项B符合原文。18.a variety of 许多的为固定搭配；various多样的,前面不接不定冠词a; variable易变的, 多变的; varying变化的。句意:另外一些人认为城市规模不能缩小, 问题应该用多种方法来解决。19.形容词辨析。decent合乎礼仪的;像样的;体面的;fundamental基本的, 重要的, 必要的;delicate纤弱的;瘦弱的;eternal 永久的。这里指给每个人建造像样的房屋，所以选项A符合原文。20.选项B首先排除, 文章需要一个动名词, 而不是一个形容词, 选项A和C意思不符, 所以也排除, 只有选项

15、D正确。3. 单选题Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully （ ） and sentenced.问题1选项A.prosecutedB.propagatedC.persecutedD.precipitated【答案】A【解析】prosecute起诉,告发; propagate传播,传送;繁殖; persecute迫害,困扰; precipitate使沉淀;促成。句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Ideas （ ） from ones own experie

16、nce are sometimes more valuable than those from books.问题1选项A.derivedB.deprivedC.retreatedD.restored【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。derive from来自；deprive剥夺，使丧失，后面一般接介词of；retreat撤退；restore归还，使恢复。句意：人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。选项A正确。5. 单选题The kitchen was small and（ ）so that the disabled woman could reach everything without diffi

17、culty.问题1选项A.complexB.completeC.compactD.composite【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。complex复合的, 复杂的; complete 完整的, 彻底的; compact 紧凑的, 简洁的; composite 混合的, 综合的。句意：厨房小而紧凑，残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The value of the industrial（ ）dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.问题1选项A.outcomeB.ou

18、tlookC.outputD.outset【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。industrial output指工业产量, 为常用搭配。句意：工业产值从700亿美元下降到310多亿美元。选项C正确。7. 单选题The virus attacks the plant, the flower does not open, and （ ） no seeds are produced.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.subsequentlyC.simultaneouslyD.spontaneously【答案】A【解析】副词辨析题。consequently因此，结果；subsequently随后，后

19、来；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously 自发地，不由自主地。句意：病毒攻击植物，花不能开放，因此种子也没有发芽。这里强调的是因果联系，所以选项A正确。8. 单选题Developing a peaceful, understanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results arc the abuse, negle

20、ct, and even death of children.Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963 - 1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Co

21、ngress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Public Law 93 - 247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.The question what causes child abuse? has prompted much debate. The s

22、ingle most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ilk Although there is no specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of chi

23、ld rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behavior as ad

24、ults.Current research has suggested, however, that the abuser is sick hypothesis is too limiteD.A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isola

25、tion, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, findings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-hour-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their childr

26、en. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.1.This selection suggests that child abuse is（ ） .2.We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed by 1973（ ） .3.The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing p

27、arent is the one who（ ）.4.Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse?5.Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?问题1选项A.a growing problem whose causes are not fully understoodB.caused primarily by the mental illness of parentsC.a problem in the

28、 United States, but a greater one in EuropeD.easily determined because of recent public laws问题2选项A.received little attention from the publicB.was condemned by abusive parentsC.was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United SlatesD.helped much in clarifying the problem问题3选项A.was raised in abusive

29、 family situations himselfB.creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his childrenC.is unemployed or socially isolatedD.is mentally ill问题4选项A.Too high an income of the parentsB.Unemployment of the parentsC.Poor health of the childD.Peculiar personalities of the child问题5选项A.Violence on

30、 TV may contribute to child abuse.B.Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.C.The media should not describe the details of child abuse cases.D.Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，文章首先提出虐待儿童的这个问

31、题变得日益严重，但后面两段就其原因进行分析，没有给出一个确切的答案，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段的最后一句“This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.”这项法律不仅反映了有关公民的情绪，而且为消除关于什么是虐待儿童而产生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是说，帮忙澄清了什么是虐待儿童的问题，所以选项D正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，虐待儿童

32、的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭环境中长大，所以才会有虐待儿童的行为，首先排除选项A和D；根据第四段的内容可知，社会因素包括失业、社会孤立等也有可能导致父母有虐待儿童的倾向，所以选项C也不正确；选项B为孩子创造一个和平和支持的家庭环境的父母是最不可能虐待儿童的。选项B正确。4.根据上一题可知，选项中最容易造成儿童虐待的应该是失业的父母，所以选项B正确。5.选项A中的影视暴力在文中没有提及；选项B没有报道出来的儿童虐待案和医生没什么关系，所以错误；选项C在文中没有涉及；根据最后一段的最后一句“These problems aggravate the situation, es

33、pecially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.”这些问题加剧了局势，特别是在我们的暴力文化中普遍赞同暴力的情况下。由此可推断，暴力是可以被接受，只要不发生在孩子们身上，所以选项D符合原文。9. 单选题Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, （ ） all other physical sciences.问题1选项A.underminingB.undertakingC.underscoringD.underlying【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。

34、undermine破坏，毁坏；undertake承担，从事；underscore强调；underlie成为的基础，位于之下。句意：算术是一门基础科学，是所有其他物理科学的基础。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I （1 ） myself to what was necessary for a secondary-school （2 ） . I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as

35、a young columnist, my main （3 ） was to reaD.And I got to like it. My head spun! An unknown passion took （4 ） of me. What happened? For me, it was the （5 ） of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them. （6 ） I would tell them, in an only slightly （7 ） way,

36、how much I liked them or didnt. Today, 25 years later, I （8 ） through my books from those days and its magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I （9 ） him. Other times I find him （10 ） . Certain remarks seem （11 ） to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about

37、that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I find the （12 ） trace of my thoughts, my （13 ） of that time. Thats why I never lend out my books. I give （14 ） the ones of which I have two （15 ） and the ones Ive never reaD.But the ones Ive （16 ） up cannot （17 ） : they have become my journal

38、s, my （18 ） .To let someone read them would be （19 ） myself up to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a （20 ） breaks into a house.问题1选项A.contributedB.definedC.limitedD.controlled问题2选项A.paperB.diplomaC.permitD.qualification问题3选项A.interestB.assignmentC.responsibilityD.right问题4选项

39、A.advantageB.holdC.chargeD.obsession问题5选项A.intrusionB.attackC.invasionD.raid问题6选项A.ReallyB.ButC.ThusD.Besides问题7选项A.distortedB.twistedC.contortedD.zigzagged问题8选项A.thumbB.scanC.fingerD.turn问题9选项A.enjoyB.understandC.receiveD.identify问题10选项A.promisingB.eloquentC.credibleD.hopeless问题11选项A.interestingB.e

40、xactC.stupidD.desperate问题12选项A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively问题13选项A.sensibilitiesB.sentimentsC.sensesD.sensitivities问题14选项A.outB.awayC.upD.in问题15选项A.editionsB.versionsC.copiesD.volumes问题16选项A.markedB.drawnC.writtenD.signed问题17选项A.spreadB.circleC.circulateD.cycle问题18选项A.acknowledgementsB.recognitionsC.

41、admissionsD.confessions问题19选项A.givingB.turningC.openingD.revealing问题20选项A.guestB.liarC.robberD.burglar【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.根据上下文, 前文提到我很少读书,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书,由此推测作者将自己限制在有限的学习内容当中。2.名词词义辨析。 paper论文;

42、 diploma毕业证; permit允许; qualification资格。根据句意,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书。故答案为B。3.名词词义辨析。作为一名专栏作家, 我的主要职责是阅读。4.take advantage of sb.利用; take hold of sh.抓住,吸引; take charge of sb.控制; take obsession of sb.困扰。根据句意, 一股莫名的激情吸引了我。选项B符合句意。5.intrusion闯入; attack袭击; invasion侵略;raid袭击,查抄。根据句意,能与love搭配的动词只能是 intrusion,爱情是

43、闯入进来的。选项A正确。6.逻辑关系。根据上下文的联系, 可知这里应该为因果关系。选项C正确。7.distorted歪曲的, 曲解的, 一般指说的话或做的事被曲解; twisted扭曲的,别扭的; contorted扭曲的; zigzagged呈之字形的。 twisted和 contorted都有扭曲的意思, twisted主要指身体的扭曲, contorted表达较为抽象, 这里指不直白的, 即委婉的表达方式。所以选项C更符合原文。8.thumb through the book为固定搭配, 意为迅速翻阅一本书。9.从下文可知, 这里的him指曾经的自己。选项只有 understand符合文

44、章上下文语意及逻辑关系。10.根据原文, 曾经的他不爱阅读,在现在的我看来,应该是 hopeless的。故答案为D。11.根据下文Others make me happy. 可以推断出, 前后句子形成对比关系。因此填空处应该填写与 happy意义相对的词汇,选项C stupid符合要求。12.同根词辨析。live活的;生动的;alive只能做表语,不可做定语; living鲜活的,生动的; lively活泼的,有生气的。选项中,能与trace搭配的形容词只有living合适。句意：25年后, 我找到了我思想的鲜活痕迹。选项C正确。13.sensibility感觉,感情; sentiment多愁

45、善感,情绪;sense感觉,知觉理智; sensitivity敏感性。根据句意, 填空处应填入与 thoughts意义相近的词。选项A更适合。14.动词介词搭配。此处所选的介词应与give构成一个词组,并与 lend out(借出)同义。 give out用尽,耗尽; give away捐献,赠送; give up放弃; give in屈服。选项B正确。15.名词词义辨析。根据句意, 若有两本同样的书, 或是从未阅读过的书, 他会捐献出去。两本同样的应用 two copies; two editions和 two versions是两版,指内容不同;two volumes泛指两册,不强调内容是

46、否相同。选项C符合原文。16.前文讲到作者喜欢在自己的书上记录心得体会,这里也指那些被他注解过的书,动词选mark与介词up搭配,意为给做记号。17.根据原文, 这里指作者做了笔记的书不愿将它流传出去。spread一般指看不见的东西进行传播, 所以选项C正确。18.acknowledgement了解,认识; recognition认识; admission承认,认可; confession自白, 忏悔。根据上文可知, 每次当作者翻开那些被做了注释的书, 就好像遇到了以前的自己, 说明这些书对作者来说就像是自己的自白, 选项D符合原文。19.根据句意：这些做过笔记的书本,若是被别人读了,就好像把

47、自己赤裸裸地暴露在外了似的。选项C正确。20.break into(入室抢劫)的强盗是 burglar。选项D正确。11. 单选题She is a woman of （ ） who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of her own benefits.问题1选项A.dignityB.scarcityC.integrityD.stability【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。dignity尊严，高贵； scarcity不足，缺乏；integrity正直，诚实，指道德健全，尤其表现在考验目标的坚定、责任心和信任感的行为中；stabil

48、ity坚定，恒心。句意：她是一个正直的女人，从不为了自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。选项C更恰当。12. 写作题Directions: It is found that many students today simply cut and paste information from the Internet when they do their assignments. What can be done to stop this? Please write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should also give your e

49、ssay a proper title on the basis of your suggestion(s). Write the essay on the answer sheet 2 only.【答案】Teachers and Students Should Unite13. 单选题The doctor informed his patient that the drug was very （ ） and can have unpleasant side-effects.问题1选项A.potentB.efficientC.intricateD.fragile【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。

50、potent（药等）有效力的,有说服力的;efficient 有能力的,效率高的, 一般指办事效率; intricate 错综复杂的;fragile 易碎的,脆弱的。句意：医生告诉他的病人这种药的药效很强，而且可能有副作用。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The relationship between technology and development is complicate.At times the negative features of technology seem to _ the positive ones.问题1选项A.withdrawB.dischargeC.maximi

51、zeD.outweigh【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。withdraw取回;（使）撤退;discharge解雇,卸下;maximize使最大化;outweigh 胜过,超过。句意：技术与发展之间的关系很复杂。有时，技术的负面特征似乎超过正面特征。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made （ ） observations.问题1选项A.of-the-spotB.in-the-spotC.on-the-spotD.at-the-

52、spot【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。on-the-pot指立即, 当场。句意：当其他人坐在家里研究这一课题的论文时，Jefferson上了一艘船并进行了现场观察。16. 案例题Feeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the （1） equipment there show that there is nothing wrong.Then consider this, yo

53、u might be in a （2） of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state, is （3） as a borderline slate between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 per cent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher amon

54、g people who work in management （4） as well as students around exam-time. This may be due to their heightened （5） to stress.Symptoms include a （6） of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation and （7） memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist a

55、nd legs.According to some medical experts, the （8） to preventing and recovering from sub-health is to form good living habits. （9） work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in （10） air activities will all help.As for meals, people are （11）to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more

56、 fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritious （12） , such as vitamins, which are （13） to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause （14） changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a （15） diet is very help

57、ful in avoiding sub-health.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write

58、 the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.position define forgetful fancy key balance importanceunhealthy lack subject open plenty exposure alternateelement state require poor advise indispensable【答案】1. fancy 2.state 3. defined 4.position 5.exposure6. lack 7. poor 8. key 9. alternate 10. open11. advised 12. elements 13. indispensable 14. unhealthy 15. balanc