2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）（31页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Please give my best _ to your family.问题1选项A.noticeB.attentionC.regardsD.cares【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项notice“察觉；通知”；B选项attention“注意力”；C选项regards“用在（best regards）和（with kind regards）等表达方式中，表示对某人的良好祝愿”；D选项cares“关注”。句意：请代我向你的家人_。根据语境，这里是礼貌用语，表达对他人的关心，C选项regards符合题意。因

2、此C选项正确。2. 单选题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide _ of topics they were interested in.问题1选项A.extentB.numberC.collectionD.range【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项extent“程度；大小，面积”；B选项number“数量；号码”；C选项collection“收集物”；D选项range“类”，a wide range of“大范围的；多种多样的”。句意：双方就感兴趣的_议题交换了意见。根据语境，这里指的是双方有很多感

3、兴趣的议题，D选项range符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring tempe

4、ratures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds

5、 of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim

6、 the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator o

7、f the “hockey stick” graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth” to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclus

8、ion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any dou

9、bt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global w

10、arming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science C

11、ommittee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.1. What does this passage mainly deal with?2. What is “proxy measurement” in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?3. Wha

12、t does the report from NRC indicate?4. Which of the statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?5. What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?问题1选项A.The threat of global warming.B.The measurement of solving global warming.C.The tendency of earths becoming ho

13、tter.D.The assessment of earths temperature.问题2选项A.Taking advantage of previous pictures.B.Using clues left from the past.C.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.D.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.问题3选项A.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.B.The proxy measuremen

14、ts are reliable.C.The earth will become warmer.D.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.问题4选项A.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.B.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.C.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controve

15、rsy over Michael Manns claim.D.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.问题5选项A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出天气预报中说气温打破最高记录，第二段提出地球变暖的观点，第三段讲述NRC得出气温达到近400年来最高，第四段讲大众和科学家对此的争论，全文都在谈论地球气温越来

16、越高，C选项“全球变暖的趋势”正确。A选项“全球变暖的威胁”：文中没有提到。B选项“解决全球变暖的方法”和D选项“地球温度的评估”：只是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。proxy measurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根据第一段第二句but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, a

17、nd cores drilled into glacial ice.（但他们可以通过珊瑚的生长标记、海洋和湖泊的沉积物以及冰川核等替代性考核来推测出年平均温度。），可知这里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上随时间推移遗留下来的痕迹，B选项“使用过去留下的线索”正确，A选项“利用记录以前情况的照片”，C选项“研究冰川的特征”和D选项“测量水生生物的生长迹象”只是其中一方面的具体内容，不足以概括总体方法。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第三句Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, bu

18、t not overwhelmingly supported by the data.（他们的结论是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但数据支持不够有力。），可知NRC部分同意Michael Mann的观点，同时又有所怀疑，D选项“对迈克尔曼的主张有些怀疑”正确。A选项“地球的温度达到了史上最高”：根据第三段第四句it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm（完全支持如今的温度不正常的观点），可知没有提到地球的温度达到了史上最高。B选项“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C选项“地球会变暖”：文中没有提到。因

19、此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.（它不支持关于全球变暖科学的争论反对者坚持认为这一争论仍然存在。），可知这份新报告没有偏向任何一方，争论仍然存在，B选项“这场争论以全球变暖怀疑论者落败而告终”不符合文章内容，为正确答案。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against i

20、t has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知对于全球变暖的这个话题的观点一直在变化，A选项“对全球变暖的不赞同态度前后矛盾”符合文章内容。根据第三段第一句The report was

21、 triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann（这份报告是由弗吉尼亚大学的气候学家Michael Mann去年提出的关于过去气候变化的质疑引发的。），可知对Michael Mann观点的质疑促使NRC做这份报告，C选项“对Michael Mann断言的争议让NRC做这份新报告”符合文章内容。根据第二段第二句Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the nat

22、ural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.（对于那些声称目前的暖期只是平均气温自然变化的一部分的人来说，这是一个打击全球变暖怀疑论者经常这样断言。），可知不赞同全球变暖的人认为地球平均气温变化是自然的，D选项“那些不赞同全球变暖的人认为变暖是一种自然现象”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isn

23、t happening” to “its happening, but its natural,” to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知作者不认同地球变暖是自然现象的观点，赞同地球变暖的理论，A选项“赞同”正确；B选项“中立”，C选项“否定”和D选项“漠不关心”错误。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题His debts ha

24、d to be _ after he committed suicide with his rifle.问题1选项A.laid offB.written offC.turned offD.put off【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项laid off“下岗，解雇”；B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”；C选项turned off“关闭”；D选项put off“推迟”。句意：他用步枪自杀后，他欠下的债务不得不_。根据语境，这里指他自杀后债务就不存在了，B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题They bought the l

25、and with a _ to build a new office block.问题1选项A.purposeB.viewC.goalD.reason【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的（经过考虑而要做某事的意图）”；B选项view“风景；视野”；C选项goal“目标（想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图）”；D选项reason“理由，原因”。句意：他们买那块地的_是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境，这里指的是现在买地，买地是为了以后建办公大楼， A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题His proposal is _ to all

26、of us and you do not need to tell us more about it.问题1选项A.apparentB.appearingC.approachingD.apart【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项apparent“明白易懂的；未必真实的”；B选项appearing“表现得；似乎”；C选项approaching“（在距离或时间上）靠近”；D选项apart“（指空间或时间）相隔”。句意：他的建议我们大家都_，你不需要进一步说明。根据语境，这里指大家都明白了他的建议是怎么回事，A选项apparent“明白易懂的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题S

27、he can speak French and German, to _ nothing of English.问题1选项A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项say nothing of“更不用说”；其余选项非固定搭配。句意：她会说法语和德语，英语就_。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题I think I was at school, _ was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.

28、even so【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项or else“要不然”；B选项and then“然后；其次”；C选项or so“大约”；D选项even so“即使如此”。句意：当我听到这个消息时，我想我是在学校，_是在和一个朋友度假。根据语境，这里指的是要么在学校，要么在度假，A选项or else“要不然”符合题意。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and deep

29、er functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative. The ability to use language for strictly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic evolution.Long before that time, our ancestral species probably ma

30、de the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we stil

31、l use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in presymbolic ways. These presymbolic uses of language coexist our symbolic system so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thor

32、ough blending of symbolic and presymbolic language.What we call social conversation is mainly presymbolic in character. When we are at a large social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have a

33、ny informative value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relationship.There is principle at work in the selection of the subject matter we deem appropriate for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to s

34、elect subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artistic values

35、or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.1. The phrase “older and deeper functions” in the first sentence refers to _.2. The author uses the term “presymbolic language” to mean probably _.3. With regard to the evolution of language, which of the fol

36、lowing statements is TRUE?4. The primary value of presymbolic language for humans is that it _.5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?问题1选项A.the grammatical structure of languageB.the expression of emotions through soundC.the transmission of information through written

37、 languageD.the purely informative part of language问题2选项A.language used in accurate reportsB.language that lacks an elaborate grammatical structureC.language that our ancestors use prehistoricallyD.language that is of little informative value问题3选项A.The origin of language can be traced back to the ear

38、ly mans imitation of noises made by animals.B.Meaningless cries preceded the origin of language.C.In the process of evolution, language is mainly non-informative.D.Originally, language is the indistinguishable forms of cries.问题4选项A.wipes out human hostility and suspicionB.permits and aids the smooth

39、 functioning of interpersonal relationshipsC.kills time in a more casual wayD.establish an agreement for genuine cooperation问题5选项A.Since language is mainly for information, communication in our daily life is primarily symbolic.B.In modern times, we tend to use more symbolic languages than presymboli

40、c ones.C.Before a genuine communication and conversation began speakers generally accompany symbolic language with presymbolic one.D.In terms of daily talking it is relatively hard to determine which part of the language is symbolic and which part is presymbolic.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试

41、题答案】B【试题解析】词义推断题。根据第一段第一句Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative.（虽然语言是用来传递信息的，但语言的信息功能与更古老和更深层次的功能融合在一起，所以我们日常语言中只有小部

42、分可以被描述为纯粹的信息功能。），可知语言更古老和更深层次的功能不是纯粹传递信息，结合第二段Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language a

43、s we know it today.（在那之前很久，我们的祖先可能会发出动物的那种叫声来表达饥饿、恐惧、孤独等感觉。渐渐地，这些声音似乎变得更有区别，把叫声变成了我们今天所知道的语言。），可知语言更古老和更深层次的功能是表达情绪，B选项“通过声音表达情感”正确。D选项“语言的纯信息部分”：语言更古老和更深层次的功能不是纯粹传递信息，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。A选项“语言的语法结构”和C选项“通过书面语言传递信息”：文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义推断题。作者在第三段最后一句提出the talking we do in everyday lif

44、e is a thorough blending of symbolic and presymbolic language（我们在日常生活中的说话是一种彻底的象征性语言和前象征性语言的融合），然后在第四段最后一句It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relati

45、onship.（这类谈话的典型特点是，除了在非常要好的朋友之间，几乎没有什么有信息价值的评论：在一起什么都不谈，从而建立了一种关系。），可知前象征性语言没有什么信息价值，D选项“没有什么信息价值的语言”正确。A选项“要求准确的报道使用的语言”：根据第三段第一、二句Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words ar

46、e used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in presymbolic ways.（虽然我们已经发展出可以作出准确报告的语言，但我们仍然使用语言作为声音上的手势，如痛苦的哭泣。当词语被用作表达手势的声音时，语言以前象征的方式发挥作用。），可知作报告时用的语言不是前象征性语言，而是象征性语言，属于张冠李戴。B选项“缺乏复杂语法结构的语言”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。C选项“我们祖先史前使用的语言”：文中提到的祖先使用的语言主要表达情绪，而不是这里的前象征性语言，属于出处错位。因此

47、D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like.（在那之前很久，我们的祖先可能会发出动物的那种叫声来表达饥饿、恐惧、孤独等感觉。），可知我们的祖先没有刻意模仿动物，只是发出类似于动物的叫声，并且这些叫声有意义，并且可以区分不同的情绪，A选项“语言的起源可以追溯到早期人类模仿动

48、物发出的声音”、D选项“最初，语言以难以区分的叫喊形式出现”和B选项“无意义的呼喊先于语言的起源”不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。结合第二段第二句Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.（渐渐地，这些声音似乎变得更有区别，把叫喊声变成了我们今天所知道的语言。），可知如今的语言主要是由最初表达情绪的叫喊声进化而来，C选项“语言在进化过程中主要是非信息的”符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】

49、B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relationship.（这类谈话的典型特点是，除了在非常要好的朋友之间，几乎没有什么有信息价值的评论：在一起什么都不谈，从而建立了一种关系。），可知前象征性语言可以加强人际关系

50、，B选项“允许和促进人际关系的顺利运作”正确。A选项“消除人类的敌意和猜疑”：根据第五段第二、三句Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear

51、away, and the possibility of friendship emerges.（因为这类谈话的目的是建立交流，所以我们会谨慎地选择哪些话题可以立即达成意见一致。每次达成新的一致，无论多么平常，陌生人的恐惧和猜疑就会消失，友谊的可能性就会出现。），可知意见一致消除恐惧和猜疑，而不是前象征性语言，属于出处错位。C选项“以更随意的方式消磨时间”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“建立真正合作的协议”：根据第五段最后一句When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artis

52、tic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.（当进一步的交谈揭示出我们有共同的朋友、政治观点、艺术价值或爱好时，就会交到朋友，真正的交流和合作才会开始。），可知真正的合作来自于交到朋友，而不是前象征性语言，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后第一句the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic

53、and presymbolic language（我们在日常生活中的说话是一种彻底的象征性语言和前象征性语言的融合），可知象征性语言和前象征性语言在日常生活中都会用到，C选项“在真正的交流和对话开始之前，说话者通常使用着象征性语言和前象征性语言”正确；文中并没有提到哪个使用更多，A选项“因为语言主要是用来传递信息的，所以我们日常生活中的交流主要是象征性的”和B选项“在现代，我们倾向于使用更多的象征性语言而不是前象征性语言”属于无中生有。D选项“就日常用语而言，要确定语言的哪一部分是象征性的，哪一部分是前象征性的，相对来说比较困难”：根据第四段What we call social conver

54、sation is mainly presymbolic in characterIt is typical of these conversations thatfew of the remarks made have any informative value（我们所称的社交对话主要是前象征性质的这类谈话的典型特点是几乎没有什么有信息价值的评论），作者指出了前象征性语言的使用场合和特点，可以区分出来，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题This is the Chinese _, translated from English.问题1选项A.publicationB.editorC

55、.printingD.version【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项editor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文_。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roo

56、mmate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study als

57、o found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakyethe only black student on his freshman year floorsaid that “if youre surrounded by w

58、hites, you have something to prove.”Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Ind

59、iana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have inter

60、acted, and lived, with someone of a different race,” she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying tor housing.“One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec

61、 Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”“Ive experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor RA. The RA of two years added that while some conflicts “provided more multicultural ac

62、ceptance and melding (融合)”, there were also “jarring cultural confrontations”.The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics o

63、f the students need to be studied and explained.1. What can we learn from some recent studies?2. What does Sam Boakyes remark mean?3. What does the Indiana University study show?4. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?5. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?问题1选项A.Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.B.Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C.Interracial lodging does more harm than good.