2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题64（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is well known language belongs to everyone, to the dustman _ to the professor.问题1选项A.as much asB.as far asC.the same asD.as long as【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项as much as“差不多，尽那样多”；B选项as far as“就而言，至于”；C选项the same as“与一样”；D选项as long as“只要；和一样长”。句意：众所周知，语言是属于每个人的，_清洁工和教

2、授。根据语境，这里是指语言对于清洁工和教授一样，C选项the same as“与一样”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两

3、者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。3. 单选题I _ at the maturity of such a young child.问题1选项A.surprisedB.marveledC.shockedD.moved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项surprised“使感到意外”；B选项marveled“大为赞叹”；C选项shocked“惊愕；休克”；D选项moved“使感动”。句意：我对这样一个孩子的成熟感到_。根据语境，这里是指没想到这么小的小孩子竟然这么成熟，带着褒奖的意味，所以marveled“大为赞叹”符合题意。因此B选项正确

4、。4. 单选题In former revolutionary base areas, the poverty-stricken people can not afford to live in _ conditions.问题1选项A.graciousB.decentC.honorableD.positive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽厚的；仁慈的”；B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”；C选项honorable“可敬的；保护声誉的；体面的”；D选项positive“积极的”。句意：在旧的革命根据地，贫困群众不能拥有_的生活条件。根据语境，B选项decent“像

5、样的；相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理，意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题All the doctors efforts were _ and the patient soon died.问题1选项A.in tearsB.in vainC.in turnD.in all【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in tears“流着泪”；B选项in vain“无效”；C选项in turn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项in all“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是_，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力没有成功救回病人，in vain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项

6、正确。6. 翻译题1. To produce the same amount of electricity, China consumes four times as much energy as the world average. Since the outset of this century, increasing productivity while conserving energy has been one of the utmost concerns of the Chinese government.2. In the world of tomorrow, managers

7、cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies.3. If managers dont understand what is g

8、oing on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes. They will be losers, not winners.4. Even if you know the answer to a childs question, resist the impulse to respond quickly. leaving no opening for discussion. That reinforces the misconception that science i

9、s merely a set of facts stored in the heads of adults.5. Science is about explaining. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to theby weaving information into a story about how nature probably operates.【答案】1.为了产生等量的电流，中国的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。从本世纪的开端起，提高生产率同时节约能源，这已经成为中国政府最关心的事情之一。2.在将来

10、的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么职位任务，他们都不能是技术文盲。他们没必要是发明新技术的科学家或工程师，但是，管理者必须清楚对新技术何时押注。3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技术能有效地成为“黑匣子”，那么，他们就不会做出改变。这样，他们将成为失败者而不是胜者。4.即使你知道孩子问题的答案，也不要冲动地快速做出回应，要给讨论余留空间。这强化了科学仅是一套储存在成人脑海的事实这一误解。5.科学关乎于解释。科学不仅包含事实，而且包含人们通过将信息编织成个关于自然如何运作的故事而给予它的意义。7. 单选题By the late nineteenth century, the focus for th

11、e engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian nam

12、ed DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870s with a proposal to tunnel through the sit under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City.Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both d

13、irections. McAdoos men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudsons first underwater bank-to-bank pedestrian. Worlds Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New

14、 York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels. Three one-way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.1. According to the

15、 passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin came from _.2. What does the author imply about De Witt Clinton Haskins background?3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel?4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoo were surprised to fin

16、d which of the following where they were working?5. The quotation from Worlds Work magazine introduces facts about _.问题1选项A.Jersey CityB.EuropeC.CaliforniaD.New York问题2选项A.It did not qualify him to handle explosives.B.It was not something people knew much about.C.It included diverse work experiences

17、.D.It included many inferior projects.问题3选项A.1870B.1902C.1904D.1906问题4选项A.OilB.SiltC.RockD.Shafts问题5选项A.cities that were building new tunnels to ManhattanB.peoples concern eve the weakening of the citys foundationC.the role of New York City in promoting engineeringD.the number of tunnels being built

18、 at the time【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知C选项“加利福尼亚”正确，A选项“泽西城”，B选项“欧洲”和D选项“纽约”错误。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知B选项“人们对

19、他了解不多”正确，A选项“他没有资格操作炸药”，C选项“有不同的工作经历”和D选项“有许多劣质的工程”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both directions.（但在1902年，威廉麦卡杜的公司恢复了工程，并且从两个方向开展修建工作。），可知B选项“1902年”正确，A选项“1870年”，C选项“1904年”和D选项“1906年”错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句McAdoos

20、 men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock（麦卡杜的工人出乎意料地撞到一块岩石时被迫爆破），可知C选项“岩石”正确，A选项“油”，B选项“淤泥”和D选项“竖井”错误。因此C选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一、二句Three one-way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built.

21、 Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.（在哈德逊河下面有三个单向井，哈勒姆河下面有两个竖井已经打通；另外三条哈德逊隧道正在建造中。在东河下方，八个独立的隧道正在建设中。），可知这里介绍的是D选项“当时正在修建的隧道数量”。A选项“正在修建通往曼哈顿的新隧道的城市”，B选项“人们担心城市基础的削弱”和C选项“纽约市在促进工程方面的作用”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters on

22、ly after one has just struck them. （1） that logic. 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still （2） in their minds. Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disasterIn U.S. history, on. （3） TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should ha

23、ve learned that bad things can happen. And they are made （4） worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our （5） to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion(错觉)is probably part of the （6） condition. In A.D.63 Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake a

24、nd the locals immediately went to work （7） in the same spot-until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a （8） of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at （9） themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we （10）

25、did about the dangers we face. But it turns out that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often it is ourselves.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For问题2选项A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much问题

26、5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.socialC.worldD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.Before【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第

27、9题:C第10题:B【解析】1. 考查介词辨析。通过对前句humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（人类只有在遭受灾难之后才会认真地避免灾难），于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而A项to“至于”，C项on“在上面”，D项for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过。2. 考查词义辨析。A项“新鲜的”，B、C、D三项都是明显的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者

28、“思想上容易理解的”的事，根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此A项fresh符合题意。3. 考查词义辨析题。C项live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。A项“视觉的”，B项“生动活泼的”，D项“活泼的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”“逼真” “活泼”等；lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”根据句意：美国人通过电视直播观看了卡特里娜飓风，这是美国历史上最昂贵的灾难。可知C项符合。4. 考查比较级。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级，因此B和C错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，因此用much不用li

29、ttle。5. 考查词义辨析。A项reluctance“不情愿”，B项“拒绝”，C项denial“否定”， D项“拒绝”。B项和D项中reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等）；decline表示“婉拒”。通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willful blindness“盲目”。该句句意：由于我们任性的盲目冒险以及我们 在一切陷入困境之前共同努力，使他们变得更加糟糕。而这里用A项reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反义词对应。6. 考查词义和句意理解。固定搭配human condition“人的生存条件”，该句句意：诚然，一定程度的错觉可

30、能是 的一部分。根据前文所说人们不愿意共同努力，可知人们有这种想法是受生存条件的影响，第二段后文通过举例来阐释这句话。所以此处选D项。A项“自然条件”，B项“社会条件”，C项“世界状况”，均不符合文意。7. 考查词义辨析。A项“修订”，B项“提炼”，C项“重建”，D项“重新得到”。该句句意：公元63年，庞贝城被一场地震严重破坏，当地人立即前往同一地点进行 。句子前面的连词and，表示两句并列。地震之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。所以此处选择C项。8. 考查词义辨析。A项“回顾”，B项“提醒，暗示”C项“概念”，D项“希望”。句子开头一个强转折but，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时

31、，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。该句句意：但 过去一年的灾难史，可以发现现代美国人，故选A。9. 考查固定搭配。C项protect sb. from sth保护某人免受某事。A项prepare“准备”，B项protest“抗议”，D项prevail“流行，成功”。结合句意：现代美国人尤其不善于 自己免受威胁，故选C。10. 考查词义辨析。本句中did是用助动词取代实意动词know，因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词，所以此处的句意：对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。因此只有B项符合。9. 单选题The

32、study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques a genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiast

33、ically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity is cr

34、eated within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into

35、another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for

36、plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniform

37、itysome say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effec

38、ts that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constrains, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.1. According to the author, biotech companies are _.2. Now biotech produ

39、cts are made _.3. In nature, genetic diversity is created _.4. Biotechnology has made it possible _.5. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology _.问题1选项A.mostly specialized in agricultureB.likely to have big returns in their businessC.mainly concerned about the genetically engin

40、eered cropsD.those producing seeds of better properties问题2选项A.safer than those without the use of biotechnologyB.without the interference of humansC.by violating laws of natural geneticsD.within the limits of natural genetics问题3选项A.within the species itselfB.by mixing different speciesC.through natu

41、ral selectionD.through section or contest问题4选项A.for us to solve the food shortage problem in the worldB.for humans to assume the cold-resistant propertyC.for plants to be produced with genes of humansD.to grow crops with the taste of farm animals问题5选项A.humans will pay for its side effectB.the specie

42、s of creatures will be reducedC.we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseasesD.our living environment will be better than it is now【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology.（遗传学研究催生了一个有利可图的新产业生物技术。），可知B选项“可能

43、因为业务收获颇丰”正确。A选项“主要研究农业”，C选项“主要关注基因工程作物”和D选项“生产品种更好的种子”：根据第一段第二句it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques a genetic engineering.（它通过基因工程技术将生物学和现代技术结合起来。），可知生物技术是将生物学和现代技术结合，不仅仅是涉及农业，关注基因工程作物和生产更好品种的种子也只是一部分，不能概括生物技术公司的业务范围，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第二段第一、二句In nature, genetic diversi

44、ty is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting th

45、em into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character.（“在自然界中，基因多样性是在一定范围内产生的，”基因工程、食物和我们的环境一书中说。“玫瑰可以与另一种玫瑰杂交，但玫瑰永远不会与马铃薯杂交”另一方面，基因工程通常是从一种植物中提取基因，然后将其插入另一种植物中，以转移所需的特性或特性。），可知如今的生物技术违背自然遗传规则，C选项“违背自然遗传学的规则”正确，B选项“没有人类的干扰”和D选项“在自然遗传学的范围内”错误。A选项“比不使用生物技术的更安全”根据第一段最后一句But some hav

46、e raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.（但一些人对转基因作物表示担忧。），文章没有提到生物技术更安全，反而提出有的人担忧其安全性。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of ro

47、se, but a rose will never cross with a potato”（“在自然界中，基因多样性是在一定范围内产生的，”基因工程、食物和我们的环境一书中说。“玫瑰可以与另一种玫瑰杂交，但玫瑰永远不会与马铃薯杂交”），可知在自然界中，基因多样化发生在物种本身内，A选项“在物种本身内”正确。B选项“通过混合不同物种”，C选项“通过自然选择”和D选项“通过分离或竞争”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacter

48、ia, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.（现在，用细菌、病毒、昆虫、动物甚至人类的基因改造植物已经成为可能。），可知C选项“用人类基因生产植物”正确。B选项“让人类具有耐寒的特性”根据第二段倒数第三句This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or stra

49、wberry to make it frost-resistant.（这可能意味着，例如，选择一种可以从北极鱼中产生具有防冻特性的化学物质的基因，并将其加入土豆或草莓中，使其具有抗冻性。），可知这里指的是让植物耐寒而非人类。A选项“为我们解决世界粮食短缺问题”和D选项“种植有农场动物味道的作物”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。5.观点态度题。作者在第一段提出有人对转基因的担忧，在第二段解释基因如何违反自然规律，在第三段提出转基因可能带来的一些影响，最后引用科学家的话中暗含基因技术会带来消极影响，所以A选项“人类会为它的副作用付出代价”正确。B选项“生物的种类会减少”，C选项“我们将患的疾病种类越

50、来越少”和D选项“我们的生活环境将比现在好”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the genera

51、l standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with todays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of l

52、iving. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large

53、 number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find

54、 a job. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First, if the n

55、ational economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money

56、 on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally, if the government distributes societys income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes fr

57、om the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a

58、minimally acceptable standard of living.1. The authors main purpose to write this article is _.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because _.4. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because _.5. We

59、may conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.to define what the poverty line isB.to explain why young people live below the poverty lineC.to find solutions to the problem of povertyD.to show sympathy for those poor people问题2选项A.Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B.Poor people are those who

60、 live below the poverty line.C.The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D.The poverty line tends to be at the same level.问题3选项A.they do not have enough motivationB.they are so young that they are deprived of chances to workC.they fail to get enough educationD.they are very poor

61、 in health问题4选项A.they do not have any motivation to workB.they are not very self-confidentC.they are too young or too old to workD.they have physical and family problems问题5选项A.better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet foundB.welfare will enable people to be richC.poor people are bound to g

62、o out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD.employment is the best solution to the poverty problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.作者意图题。根据第一段最后一句Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.（经济学家研究贫困的原因是为了找到解决问题的办法。），结合后文提到贫困的原因以及解决的方法，可知本文主要在寻找解决贫困的方法，故C选项“寻找解决贫困问题的方法”正确。A选项“定义贫困线”：在文章第一句提出，后面没有进一步再解释，故错误。B选项“解释为什么年轻人生活在贫困线以下”：文章有提到，但这只是文章内容的一部分，故错误。D选项“对穷人表示同情”：不是文章主要表达的内容，故错误