2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The “Echo House” will demonstrate how we can live with highly efficient insulation, solar heating, energy efficient _ and organic gardening.问题1选项A.applicatorsB.applicationsC.applicantsD.appliances【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项applicators“涂药器；敷帖器；上涂装置”；B选项applications“应用；申请

2、；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项applicants“申请人，申请者；请求者”；D选项appliances“器具；器械；装置；应用”。原句中有几个并列成分：highly efficient insulation，solar heating，energy efficient _，和organic gardening，根据上下文，这些都是与生存环境有关的词语，因此我们不难排除掉与此无关的选项A选项和C选项。另外，原句中的几个并列成分都是具体名词。因此可以推断B选项application“应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”与题意不符。句意：“回音屋”将向我们展示如

3、何使用高效隔热、太阳能饮食、节能电器和有机园艺来生活。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have _ as the amount of money borrowed.问题1选项A.as the same valueB.the same valueC.value as the sameD.the value is the same【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句子中的空格部分做宾语从句中的宾语成分，故可排除D

4、选项；“与相同”可用“asas”和“the same as”，无“as the same as”这种表达；二者的区别为：as + adj/adv. +as ；the same (+n.) as，故可排除A选项和C选项，根据句意：消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。可知B选项正确。3. 单选题In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue

5、 that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they

6、 invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shorta

7、ge of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, empl

8、oyers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployme

9、nt. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to

10、accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”.Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agr

11、ee on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.1. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may _.2. According to the critics, rent control

12、_.3. The problem of unemployment will arise, _.4. The passage tells us _.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.cause a shortage of apartmentsB.worry those who rent apartments as homesC.increase the profits of landlordsD.encourage landlords to invest in building apartment问题2选项A.will

13、 always benefit those who rent apartmentsB.is unnecessaryC.will bring negative effects in the long runD.is necessary under all circumstances问题3选项A.if the minimum wage is set too highB.if the minimum wage is set too lowC.if the workers are unskilledD.if the maximum wage is set问题4选项A.the relationship

14、between supply and demandB.the possible results of government controlsC.the necessity of government controlD.the urgency of getting rid of government controls问题5选项A.The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted.B.Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.C.Economic theory can predi

15、ct the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D.Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can

16、increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.（房东们知道他们不能通过出租

17、公寓来增加自己的利润，因此他们会投资其他可以增加利润的业务。他们不会投资新建筑，因为新建筑也会受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓减少，许多需要公寓的人找不到公寓来租。根据评论家的说法，租金管制的最终结果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的结果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A选项“造成公寓短缺”说法正确。B选项“使那些租公寓当房子的人发愁”文章虽然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最终结果，故不选；C选项“增加房东的利润”说法错误，文章提到租金管制会减少房东的利润；D选项“鼓励房东投资新公寓建造”说法错误，文中说到房东们并不会投资公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利润的业务。因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。

18、根据题干可定位到文章第一段“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.（然而，批评者说，长期以来，租金控制可能会产生负面影响。）”由此可知C选项“从长远来看会带来负面影响”说法正确。A选项“将永远有利于那些租房的人”；B选项“是不必要的”；D选项“在任何情况下都是必要的”都不符合文章事实，因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer

19、workers.Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.（然而，如果最低工资设置得很高，雇主可能会雇佣更少的工人因此，批评人士声称，提高最低工资可能会导致失业。）”由此可知。如果最低工资设定得太高会导致失业问题的出现，所以A选项“如果最低工资设定得太高”说法正确。B选项“如果最低工资设定得太低”；C选项“如果工人不熟练”；D选项“如果设定了最高工资”都不符合文章事实，因此A选项正确。4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到政府设置房东可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能会造成城市公寓短缺；第

20、二段说到政府设置最低工资可能会导致失业问题。文章倒数第二段也说到“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal.”（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果，如关于农业生产的决定、租金控制和最低工资。只有在“其他事情是平等的”时，预测才是正确的）。由此可知文章主

21、要是利用经济理论预测了政府控制的可能结果，所以B选项“政府管制的可能结果”说法正确。A选项“供求关系”文章没有提到；C选项“政府管控的必要性”说法错误，文章中提到的政府管控的结果都是负面的，从而不能说明政府管控的必要性；D选项“摆脱政府管控的紧迫性”说法错误，文章最后一段说到经济学家们对评论家们的预测意见不一，且认为经济问题没有简单的答案，所以由此可知文章并没有建议摆脱政府的管制。因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据文章倒数第二段“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about

22、 farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal.”（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果，如关于农业生产的决定、租金控制和最低工资。只有在“其他事情是平等的”时，预测才是正确的）。可知A选项“经济决策的结果并不总是可以预测的”和C选项“如果其他因素不变，经济理论可以预测经济决策的结果”说法正确；根据文章第二段“However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewe

23、r workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.（然而，如果最低工资是高的，雇主

24、可能会雇佣更少的工人。他们将用机器代替工人。价格，也就是雇主必须支付的工资，上涨了。因此，在其他条件相同的情况下，雇主需要的工人数量会减少。因此，评论家声称，提高最低工资可能会导致失业。）”可知B选项“最低工资政策不能总是保护员工”说法正确；根据倒数第二段的开头“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果）”可知经济决策应该以经济理论为基础，因此D选项“经济决策不应以经济理论为基础”说法错误。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题He is an honest person. He is _ to

25、 do such a dishonest thing.问题1选项A.the least manB.not likelyC.the last manD.the latest man【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。在“the last person to do sth.”或“the last person that.”句式中，the last=the least likely；last由原义“最后的”演绎为“最不大可能的，最不愿意的”，因此它含有否定的意思，如：You are the last person I want to see.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”，Thats the last th

26、ing he wants.“那是他最不愿意要的东西”，但并非所有的the last person to do sth.都表示“最不肯（或最不会，最不愿意）做某事的人”，有时表示“最后一个做某事的人”，如在抢险斗争中最后一个撤离现场的人：He was the last person to leave the sinking ship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”还是表示“最后一个做某事的人”，这要根据上下文的意思来判定。not likely虽符合语法结构，但不符合上下文的逻辑意思。句意：他是一个诚实的人，他绝对不可能做这种不诚实的事。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题In spite of the

27、_ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的；卑鄙的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，朦胧的；鲜为人知的，神秘莫测的”；D选项“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。gloomy的程度较miserable轻，大概是那种看上去挺消沉的感觉；miserable则是很明显能看出伤心难受的感觉；sh

28、adowy表示黑漆漆的看不清（比如晚上在外面走着看到远处一个模糊不清的影子这类），是感官上的形容词；obscure则是用来表达某些概念事物鲜为人知，或者难以理解这种抽象的形容词。句意：尽管经济发展前景不容乐观，但制造业的产量却稍有增加。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。

29、A选项revive“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神”；B选项retort“反驳，回嘴；蒸馏；在曲颈瓶里加热；（对侮辱或伤害）进行报复”；C选项revenge“报复；替报仇；雪耻”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正，改进；治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将竭尽全力为去年的失败复仇。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university official file and can neither be returned to a student nor _.问题1选项A.ex

30、plicatedB.complicatedC.duplicatedD.implicated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explicated“说明，解释”；B选项complicated“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项duplicated“复制；使加倍”；D选项implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影响”。句意：来自其他机构的学术记录通常会成为一所大学的官方所有文件，并且不会被返还给学生或者被复制。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Please excuse me if I have left any of my questions _.问题1选项A.to be answeredB.n

31、ot to answerC.unansweredD.being unanswered【答案】C【解析】考查leave复合结构的用法。Leave+宾语+宾语补足语，其中宾语补足语这一成分可以由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词的复合结构等来充当，意思是“使处于状态；听任；让”。leave sth./sb. done，常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成（宾语和宾语补足语被动关系）；leave sb./sth. doing，常用来表示使某人或某物一直做某事（宾语和宾语补足语被动关系）；leave sb./sth. to do，动词不定式的被动表示要去发生的被动动作。该句句意为：如果我有什

32、么问题没有回答的话，请原谅。由此可知动作已经发生，所以应该用leave sth./sb. done，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题She was an experienced traveler who had _ both Africa and Europe in her twenties.问题1选项A.traversedB.transferredC.trampledD.trespassed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项traverse“穿过；来回移动；反驳；阻挠；详细研究；旋转”；B选项transfer“转让；转接；移交；转移（地方）；（使）换乘；转存，转录；调动（工作）；传染，传播；

33、使（运动员）转队；把（钱）转到另一账户，机构上”；C选项trample“践踏；蔑视，伤害；脚步沉重地走”；D选项trespass“非法侵入（他人的土地或财产）；做错事；违反道德（或社会法规）”。句意：她是一位经验丰富的旅行者，二十多岁时曾穿越非洲和欧洲。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Parties to a joint venture shall apply for arbitration _ the relevant written agreement.问题1选项A.in case ofB.in harmony withC.in accordance withD.in itself【答案】C

34、【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in case of“万一；如果发生；假设”；B选项in harmony with“和谐；协调一致；协调；与相配”；C选项in accordance with“根据；按照；依照”；D选项in itself“以其本身而言，本质上”。句意：合营各方应根据有关书面协议申请仲裁。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I c

35、ant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a centu

36、ry ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the far

37、m, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think theyre okay because they c

38、an get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensi

39、ve item on his program. “In our society, youre considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep. If youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and perfor

40、mance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”1. Peopl

41、e in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had _.2. According to Dr. David, Americans _.3. Many Americans believe that _.4. The word “subjects” in the last paragraph refers to _.5. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is

42、 necessary to _.问题1选项A.no drive and ambitionB.no electric lightingC.the best sleep habitsD.something to do in the evening问题2选项A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC.do not know how to relax themselves properlyD.can get by on 6.5 hours

43、 of sleep问题3选项A.sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD.enough sleep promotes peoples drive and ambition问题4选项A.the performance tests used in the stu

44、dy of sleep deficitB.special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC.people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD.the psychological consequences of sleep deficit问题5选项A.improve ones memory dramaticallyB.be considered dynamic by other peopleC.maintain ones daily scheduleD.feel energetic

45、 and perform adequately【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.（我们睡眠不足危机的开始可以追溯到一个世纪前灯泡的发明。）”以及后文的“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the ev

46、ening down on the farm, and it was dark.（当天很黑，我们晚上在农场无所事事的时候，最好的睡眠习惯曾经强加在我们身上。）”，由此可知那时因为晚上因为没有照明所以农场里没有事情可做，人们不得不养成了睡9.5个小时的睡眠习惯，所以B选项“无电气照明”符合题意。A选项“没有动力和野心”文中没有提到，C选项“最佳睡眠习惯”不符合题意；D选项“晚上有事要做”说法错误，文中说到了他们晚上无事可做。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize t

47、heyre doing it. They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.（人们在睡眠中作弊，他们甚至没有意识到这件事他们认为自己没事，因为他们觉得睡6.5个小时就够了，但实际上他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美国人经常睡眠不足，但他们不以为然，甚至忽视睡眠不足的后果，因此B选项“常常忽视睡眠不足的后果”符合题意。A选项“即使在生活

48、的压力下也精力充沛”和C选项“不知道如何适当地放松自己”文章没有提到；D选项“只需6.5小时的睡眠”说法有误，文章提到他们自认为6.5个小时的睡眠足够，事实上是完全不够的。因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program.（每当来自工作、家庭、朋友和社区的压力增加时，许多人认为睡眠是他的计划中最便宜的项目）”，由此可知美

49、国人常常认为在忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲的事，因此A选项“当一个人忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲掉的事”符合题意。B选项“他们需要更多的睡眠来应付日常生活的复杂性”与原文意思相反，故B选项错误；C选项“睡眠是一天中任何时候都可以做的事”和D选项“充足的睡眠促进人们的动力和野心”文章没有提及，因此A选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performanc

50、e tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.（为了确定睡眠不足所产生的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列心理和行为的测试，要求他们把一栏数字相加或者回忆刚读过的文章。）”，由该句意思可推断出subjects应该指人。A选项“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能测试”；B选项“正在研究的特殊知识分支”；C选项“行为或反应被研究的人”；D选项“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C选项更符合题意，因此C选项正确。5.判断推理题

51、。根据文章第二段“. they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.（他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”以及最后一段“Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers. Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.（我们发现，如果你睡眠不足，你的表现就会受到影响短期记忆被削弱，做

52、决定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱）”，由此可知D选项“感到精力充沛，表现良好”符合题意。A选项“明显提高一个人的记忆力”；B选项“在别人看来充满活力”；C选项“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。12. 单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to _ the mysterious murder.问题1选项A.come throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come through“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览

53、；看”；C选项make over“转让；移交；修改”；D选项see to“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps

54、children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task; achieving a more mature consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.Fairy tales, unlike any other form of literature, direct children to discover their identity and calling. Th

55、ese stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to ones aid, and that one will succeed. But fairy tales also warn that those who are too timid or narrow-minde

56、d to risk them-selves must settle for humdrum existence.In the past, those who loved fairy tales were often subjected to the scorn of pedants. But today many of our children are deprived of the chance to know fairy stories at all. Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, on

57、ly in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.Throughout history, the intellectual life of children largely depended on mythical and religi

58、ous stories, and on fairy tales. This traditional literature fed childrens imagination and stimulated their fantasies. At the same time, these stories were a major agent of the childs socialization. Children could learn social ideals from the material of myths, while fairy tales provide patterns of

59、behavior modeled on these ideals. These were the images of the unconquered heroes, whose life history showed that it is not beneath the dignity of the strongest to clean the filthiest stable.1. The author cited Dickens in order to _.2. It is implied in the second paragraph that _.3. The author ident

60、ified all of the following as benefits children derive from fairy tales EXCEPT _.4. According to the passage, todays children seldom experience fairy tales in the original because these literary forms are _.5. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.call attention t

61、o a person who began by writing fairy talesB.support the authors scorn for those who adapt fairy tales for films and televisionC.prove the formative influence of fairy tales on writersD.provide an example of one who understands the importance of fairy tales to children问题2选项A.most fairy tales are suc

62、cess storiesB.children learn their moral lesson from fairy talesC.most fairy tales are too difficult for children to comprehendD.children often identify themselves with the characters in fairy tales问题3选项A.expressing complex issues in language children can understandB.serving as introductions to comp

63、lex questions by rewarding lifestylesC.teaching children the wisdom of facing risks to achieve more fulfilling livesD.improving a childs imagination through models of vivid imagery问题4选项A.no longer availableB.not understandable to childrenC.shortened to entertainingD.no relevant to the concerns of contemporary children问题5选项A.Many of