2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The government should really pay attention to this problem which can be found everywhere and by no means （ ） to this region.问题1选项A.singleB.individualC.aloneD.unique【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：政府确实应该关注这个问题, 这个问题在任何地方都可以发现, 并且不是这个地区所独有的。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题Having published more

2、 than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, she is held in high （ ） by her colleagues.问题1选项A.esteemB.evaluationC.estateD.ego【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。esteem尊重, 尊敬;evaluation评价;estate财产;ego自负。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上发表了十多篇论文, 深受同事们的尊敬。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Although family affairs are thought to be （ ）, many public laws aff

3、ecting all of us are based on what is thought to be correct behavior of family members.问题1选项A.complicatedB.delicateC.ordinaryD.private【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。complicated复杂的;delicate微妙的, 精致的;ordinary普通的, 平凡的;private私人的, 私有的, 秘密的。句意：虽然家庭事务被认为是私密的, 但许多影响我们所有人的公共法律都是建立在家庭成员的正确行为之上的。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Peoples view o

4、n quality education（ ） from individual to individual.问题1选项A.changesB.variesC.altersD.transforms【答案】B【解析】change from.to.由改变为; vary from.to.从到不同; alter from.to.由转变为; transform from.to由转变为。句意：人们对素质教育的看法因人而异。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题A good leader knows what are practical questions and also he knows when to （ ） and

5、 when to fight.问题1选项A.compromiseB.struggleC.advanceD.flee【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。compromise妥协,让步; struggle努力,挣扎; advance前进,进展;flee逃跑,消失。句意:一个好的领导者知道什么是实际问题, 他也知道什么时候 应该（ ） , 什么时候应该战斗。填空处应该和fight相对应, 选项A符合句意。6. 单选题A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or （ ） by things that people do or say.问题1选项A.offe

6、ndedB.woundedC.stimulatedD.motivated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。offend冒犯;进攻; wound伤害,受伤; stimulate刺激,鼓舞;motivate承受,具有,支撑。根据or可以推断填空处应与hurt意思相近。wound一般指外伤, 伤口, 不符合句意, 所以选项A正确。句意：敏感的人很容易被别人的言行伤害或冒犯。试题答案A7. 单选题The court ruled that John was （ ） in hitting the man in self-defense punished.问题1选项A.justifiedB.accusedC.

7、approvedD.admitted【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。justified证明.正当；accused指责，控告；approved认可；admitted承认。 句意：法院裁决John被证明打人是正当防卫而受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a s

8、econd medical opinion is a good idea when facing a difficult operation, for example,they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesnt matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death.A number of psychological roadblocks get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of th

9、e most common is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctors, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they dont suggest it.Another rea

10、son people avoid getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. Says Balyk: You fear that if you go for, say, an ingrown toenail, hell tell you that the toe must come off. The most important consideration is that its in your self interest to get another

11、opinion and it may not be worse.Then, most people trust, even give great respect to their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctor is right, and dont ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesnt even occur to them that they shoulD.But you should remember that th

12、e doctor is a human being just like you.And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. At other times, obtaining that second opinion just seems like too much work.But remember, sometimes getting that second

13、medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.1.From both the first and the last paragraphs we can infer that the author may want to suggest that （ ） .2.Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctors feelings?3.Another reason some patients dont want to get a second medical opin

14、ion is that （ ） .4.In Paragraph 5, by sometimes when people are sick, they become childlike the author means that（ ） .5.The last word work in Paragraph 5 may probably be closest in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.one should choose a hospital carefully when illB.one should think seriously before making a medi

15、cal decisionC.one should never be afraid of questioning the doctors opinionD.a second medical opinion is absolutely necessary问题2选项A.They fear that if so something unhappy will happen.B.They fear that the doctor may let them alone after that.C.They fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong tr

16、eatments.D.They have been taught to respect doctors in this way.问题3选项A.they are used to treating doctors as gods in every aspectB.other people will look on them as mad if they do soC.they think it is wrong to doubt the doctors opinionD.doctors usually dont have a second opinion to offer问题4选项A.when p

17、eople are sick, they behave in every way like a childB.when people are sick, they become unreasonableC.when people are sick, they are too lazy to take care of themselvesD.when people are sick, they rely too much on others问题5选项A.troubleB.energyC.timeD.labor【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第

18、一段的最后一句可知，当面临医学意见时，有时你做的决定并不重要，但有时它可能将你带入错误的治疗甚至是死亡。也就是说，在做医疗决定之前我们应该认真考虑。选项B符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些病人害怕伤害医生的感情是担心可能产生的后果，他们害怕医生认为病人在质疑医生的能力。所以选项A正确。3.语义题。根据第二段的最后一句“People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability.”人们可能会认为，在提出他们想要

19、得到第二个意见时，他们是在质疑医生的能力。选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据原文句意：有时，当人们生病时，他们变得像孩子一样。也就是说，他们需要别人的照顾, 也就是依赖别人。故答案为D。5.语义题。根据上文对人们避免接受第二种医学意见的描述可以推测，work指trouble，更符合原文语境。所以本题选A。9. 单选题Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully （ ） and sentenced.问题1选项A.prosecutedB.propagatedC.persecutedD.precip

20、itated【答案】A【解析】prosecute起诉,告发; propagate传播,传送;繁殖; persecute迫害,困扰; precipitate使沉淀;促成。句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Hypertension places stress on a number of organs (called target organs), including the kidney, eyes, and heart, causing them to（ ） over time.问题1选项A.deteriorateB.distressC.underscor

21、eD.dilute【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。deteriorate恶化，变坏；distress悲痛，苦恼，不幸；underscore强调，底线； dilute稀释，冲淡。句意：高血压使许多器官受到压力，包括肾脏、眼睛和心脏，久而久之会使它们感到痛苦。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题The French education system is very different from the English one in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child too, the raw material of th

22、is education is unlike the English child and differences in the raw material may well account for differences in the processes employed.The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being intellectually more precocious than the product of the chillier English climate. This is encouraged

23、 by his upbringing among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily adapt their conversation to the childs point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupation. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, th

24、ere is in England no deep division between the life of the child and that of the grown man. The art of talking to children in the kind of language they understand is so much an English art that most of the French childrens favorite books are translations from the English.French parents on the other

25、hand, do their best to develop the childs intelligence as rapidly as possible. They have little patience with childish ideas even if they do not go so far as to look upon childhood as an unfortunate but necessary prelude to adult life. Not that they need to force the child, for he usually lends hims

26、elf willingly to the process, and enjoys the effect of his unexpectedly clever remarks and unusual sayings and of his bright judgment of men and things. It is not without significance that the French mother instead of appealing to the childs heart by asking him to be good appeals to his reason by as

27、king him to be wise. Reasonableness is looked for early in France, and the age of reason is fixed at seven years.1.In comparing French and English education the author indicates that（ ） .2.The passage suggests that the French child （ ） .3.The word prelude in the phrase ,but necessary prelude to adul

28、t life ( in the 2nd sentence of Paragraph 3) probably means （ ） .4.In comparison with French children, English children （ ） .5.French mothers （ ） .问题1选项A.a great deal can be learnt by both countriesB.differences should not be looked for only in the methodsC.the French child needs far more trainingD.

29、the main differences are in the children问题2选项A.is as he is because of the climateB.only associates with adultsC.is not treated as a childD.is forced to behave like an adult问题3选项A.introductory stageB.consequent eventC.inevitable resultD.acceptable reason问题4选项A.are less intelligentB.can stand chillier

30、 climateC.receive more care from their parentsD.have shorter childhood问题5选项A.know how to appeal to what is best in their childrenB.are the most significant influence in their childrens livesC.their childrens unexpectedly clever remarksD.lack patience in everything【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细

31、节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 英国和法国在教育体系方面有着很大的差别。同时,作为教育的原材料,两个国家的孩子们也存在着区别。教育所采取的方法不同是因为原材料不同, 即因人而异。由此可推断,教育上的差异,不仅是教育方法不同,原材料也存在差异。所以选项B正确。2.细节推断题。根据二三的的内容可知, 法国的父母总是以成年人的思维对待和要求孩子, 所以选项C符合原文。3.introductory stage引入时期; consequent event随之而来的事情; inevitable result 必然结果; acceptable reason可接受的原因。根据上下文的内容, 儿童时期是成人生

32、活的前奏,选项A符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据原文第二段的第三句English parents readily adapt their conversation to the childs point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupation. 英国父母很容易根据孩子的观点调整他们的谈话, 并且使自己能够对孩子们的游戏和关注的一些幼稚的东西感兴趣。说明英国的孩子比法国孩子受到父母更多的关爱, 选项C正确。5.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 French mothers定位到最后一段的倒数

33、第二句It is not without significance that the French mother instead of appealing to the childs heart by asking him to be good appeals to his reason by asking him to be wise.法国母亲不是通过要求孩子做个好人来打动孩子的心, 而是通过要求他做个聪明的人来打动他的理智, 这并非没有意义。选项A符合原文。12. 单选题Both sides at the conflict have agreed temporarily to （ ） ho

34、stilities.问题1选项A.suspendB.reconcileC.compromiseD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Suspend延缓,推迟; reconcile使一致,使和解;compromise妥协,和解; negotiate谈判,交涉。句意：冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。选项A符合句意 。13. 单选题Some travelers believe carriers intentionally ground half-filled flights to cut cost, only to fill up later planes. Mysterious c

35、ancellations just rub people the wrong way. One passenger complained that an American Airlines gate agent told him he didnt have the foggiest idea why a flight had been cancelleD.Wary of lost bags and long waits at check-in and luggage carousel, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as

36、 they can, slowing boarding and increasing the stress on other passengers. Stephanie Mehas, a passenger, said, Always pack two properly sized carryons, she says, but many people come banging down the aisle with multiple bags, expecting to jam them all in the overhead bin. This can be dangerous. Fall

37、ing carry-on bags annually injure thousands of passengers.As to the present situation, veteran airline observer Robert Poole contends that legislation and industry promisesare stopgaps. Greater regulation will do nothing to spur innovation, and, he notes, between 1998 and 2010, air travel in America

38、 will have expended 40 percent to one billion annual passengers, overwhelming our ready strained infrastructure. Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.The ultimate solution, says Poole, is to complete the unfinished revolution that bega

39、n in 1978 with government deregulation of airline routes and fares. Poole believes that the antiquated, overly bureaucratic air-traffic-control system could be privatized, following the successful model of Nav Canada, which uses high-tech equipment and modern administrative procedure. Another innova

40、tion that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets. More of these airports will relieve the pressure on the big airports, but put pressure on the carriers to improve.1.The sentence . didnt have the foggiest idea

41、 in Line 3 means （ ） .2.Too much hand baggage can cause some problems EXCEPT （ ） .3.In Pooles view, which of the following will do for a change?4.Besides privatization, Poole also puts forward another solution, that is（ ）5.Which of the following best fits for the title?问题1选项A.he didnt knowB.he knew,

42、 but couldnt sayC.be vaguely knewD.he was not in a position to know试题分析问题2选项A.safety problems on board the planeB.more time in boardingC.pressure on other passengersD.disorder on the plane问题3选项A.Legislation.B.Industry commitment.C.Regulation.D.Expansion of the present system.问题4选项A.more use of jetsB

43、.less restriction on routes and faresC.the adoption of high-tech equipmentD.establishment of secondary airports问题5选项A.The Airlines Are in TroubleB.The Inefficiency of the AirlinesC.Problems and Solutions for the AirlinesD.The System of the Airlines Should Change【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推

44、斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy, 意为模糊的。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 行李过多会导致登机速度更慢, 也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人, 所以选项A, B, C均正确, 只有选项D未提及。3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 Poole定位到第二段。根据第三句Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.他预

45、计, 除非该系统得到扩展, 否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets.。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场, 它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。1

46、4. 单选题This paper will examine relevant theories and research findings concerning listening and second language acquisition and identify conditions that may （ ） listening.问题1选项A.elevateB.facilitateC.stimulateD.provoke【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate提升,举起; facilitate促进,帮助; stimulate刺激,鼓舞,激励; provoke驱使,激怒,煽动。句意

47、：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果, 并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。15. 单选题Mr. Smith recently has （ ） tennis to relax himself in spare time.问题1选项A.taken upB.taken inC.taken onD.taken over【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。take up占去;开始从事; take in欺骗;接受;吸收;take on呈现,承担; take over接管,接受。句意：史密斯先生最近开始在空闲时间打网球, 以此来放松自己。选项A正确 。16. 单选题There are

48、 three general methods people use to explain and understand their world: beliefs, pseudo- science, and science.What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the worl

49、d works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God, who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that

50、 this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs.Pseudoscience, also calle

51、d fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or chose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false understa

52、nding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people fo

53、llow pseudoscience because belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of unders

54、tanding the worlD.It does not provide a moral system as religion does, and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teach

55、es us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.Most of us use all th

56、ree methods in different proportions to view our worlD.Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man. Each

57、scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world.1.Which of the following would be a good title of the passage?2.Which of the following is true?3.Which of the following is NOT true about science?4.Which of the following is TU

58、RE about pseudoscience?5.The word astrology( Paragraph 3) most probably refers to（ ） .问题1选项A.Science and Pseudoscience.B.Religion and Science.C.Science, Pseudoscience and Religion.D.Different Ways of Viewing the World.问题2选项A.No beliefs are supported by scientific evidence.B.Pseudoscience always lead

59、s to false understanding of things or events.C.Science never questions facts.D.Scientists accept noting without scientific evidence.问题3选项A.Science accepts uncertainty.B.Science does not push people to follow any specific set of moral rules.C.Science teaches us to weigh different evidence.D.Science u

60、rges us not to accept any beliefs or ideas.问题4选项A.Qigong is pseudoscience.B.Pseudoscience provides no supporting evidence.C.Pseudoscience can be entertaining.D.Pseudoscience has nothing to do with beliefs.问题5选项A.study of the position of stars in the belief that they influence human affairsB.a set of

61、 methods used in doing things efficiently in our lifeC.central data processing unit of a computer popularly used todayD.scientific study of the earths crust, rocks, etC.and of the history of its development【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了三个不同的世界观, 接下来分别进行具体阐述, 最后进行总结。所以选项D正确, 其他选项都比较片面, 选项D正确, 全文都是在描述看待世界的三种方法。2.细节推断题。根据第二段的第四句Their followers accept . scientific evidence.他们的追随者接受这些信仰, 是因为他们愿意接受, 而不是因为科学证据。所以选项A错误;根据第三段的第二句In pseudoscience, . , resulting in a false understanding of things and events.可知选项B正确;根据第四段的最后一句Thro