2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题56（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Once upon a time, the emblematic jazz singer was an African-American woman, serenading a smoke-filled room. Think Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald. Today, a talented crop of cosmopolitan young singers are creating a new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalize

2、d chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and are infusing the traditional American sound with new energy. Take todays rising star, 26-year-old Sophie Milman. Born in Russia, she fled with her family to Israel at the age of 7, then settled in Canada at 16. Now s

3、he sells out the Blue Note jazz club in Tokyo. Her roots and her reach are global. In looks and language, she couldnt be further from the pioneers who came more than a half century before.Yet Milman and others like her are redefining jazz by drawing on the American songbook. In his book The Jazz Sin

4、gers, Scott Yannow argues that among 21st-century jazz vocalists, only “a few manage to reinvest standards in new ways,” which is exactly what this new class is doing so well. Milmanwhos fluent in French, English, Russian, and Hebrewsings Cole Porters “Love for Sale” in a clear, valiant alto that bo

5、oms down low and reaches effortlessly up high. Elisabeth Kontomanou, who is Greek and Guinean, insists on knowing the African-American roots of the music she plays. “Jazz is innovation, but with all the culture and the understanding of what has already been done,” she says. “If you dont look at that

6、, you get a tasteless, odorless, and colorless music.” On her last CD, Brewin the Blues, she follows her own rules by revisiting less famous songs by jazz icons, such as Billie Holidays “Tell Me More and More (and Then Some).”Language has proved no barrier to these women, all sing in English. Virgin

7、ie Teychene comes from the south of France but learned English with her father, who used to show American Marines the French way of life. “French doesnt lend itself to jazz,” she says. “Words can often fall flat, as it is hard to sing in French on rhythm.” Teychene, who was named a “new revelation”

8、at Frances Juan-les-Pins jazz festival last year, covers songs like “Take A Train” in her pure, low voice. Born and raised in Turin, the Italian chanteuse Roberta Gambarini recorded Swedish folk songs early in her career but has lately turned to the romantic era of American jazz. Her new record, “So

9、 in Love”, revolves around sweet renditions of tunes like “That Old Black Magic”a song Sarah Vaughan made famous in the 40s. “The bulk of good songs that allow you to improvise happen to largely be part of the Great American Songbook,” she says.Thats not to say that these vocalists arent pushing bou

10、ndaries. Esperanza Spalding, who was born to a Welsh-Hispanic-Native American mother and a black father and raised in the States, sings in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. When recording the 1930s standard “Body and Soul”, she renamed it “Cuerpoy Alma”, and pulled off a fiery Spanish rendition. “Yo

11、u always create something new even when you use vocabulary from the past.” she says.Ultimately, this return to the roots of jazz has to do with authenticity and accessibility. “I like when people come to see me at the end of a concert, surprised that this is actually jazz and that they can enjoy it

12、without really knowing the culture,” says Teychene. Yet if asked where the winding road of fame starts, these singers give a traditional answer. “If you live deep in the heart of China and you want to be a jazz musician, you still have to go to New York or New Orleans and play jazz,” says Kontomanou

13、. Then you move to another country and share it with the world.21. Which of the following is true about Sophie Milman?22. What do the new jazz singers have in common?23. It can be inferred that Scott Yanows attitude towards the new jazz singers is _.24. What does the author mean by saying that those

14、 new jazz singers are “pushing boundaries” (Paragraph 4)?25. According to the last paragraph, those popular new jazz singers attribute their success to _.问题1选项A.She has multicultural backgrounds.B.She is an emblematic jazz singer.C.She loves the music of Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald.D.She crea

15、tes the new jazz singer.问题2选项A.They all come from Europe.B.They resemble the pioneers of jazz music in looks and language.C.They all bring something new to jazz music.D.They dont like sing in languages other than English.问题3选项A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.negative问题4选项A.They sometimes dont stick to

16、 the traditional rendering of jazz music.B.They do not always sing in English.C.They like to try different musical instrument when playing jazz.D.They would prefer to sing songs all created by themselves.问题5选项A.early exposure to American jazz cultureB.good command of English languageC.innovation and

17、 originalityD.travelling around world【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句Today, a talented crop of cosmopolitan young singers are creating a new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and are infusing the

18、 traditional American sound with new energy. Take todays rising star, 26-year-old Sophie Milman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲米尔曼为例。），索菲米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错

19、误。C选项“她喜欢Billie Holiday和Ella Fitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句she follows her own rules by revisiting less famous songs by jazz icons, such as Billie Holidays “Tell Me More and More (and Then Some).”（她遵循自己的原则，重温了爵士偶像们不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉哈乐黛的告诉我更多更多。），翻唱不代表喜欢听，故错误。因此A选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三、四句new breed of jazz vocalist

20、: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and are infusing the traditional American sound with new energy.（新爵士歌手：国际化女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手为传统美国音乐注入新的活力，所以C选项“她们都给爵士乐带来了新的东西”正确；这里强调的是这些爵士歌手接触世界各地的文化，米尔曼就来自俄罗斯，所以A选项“她们都来自欧洲”错误

21、；B选项“她们在外观和语言上类似于爵士音乐的先驱”：根据第一段最后一句In looks and language, she couldnt be further from the pioneers who came more than a half century before.（从外表和语言上看，她与半个多世纪前的先驱者相差无几。），这里指的是米尔曼和爵士乐先驱者差不多，而不是这些新爵士歌手，故错误。D选项“她们不喜欢用英语以外的语言唱歌”：根据第三段第一句Language has proved no barrier to these women, all sing in English.（

22、已证实语言对这些女性没有任何障碍，她们都用英语唱歌。），这里指的是她们可以用英语唱歌，不代表不喜欢用其他语言唱歌，故错误。因此C选项正确。23.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句Scott Yannow argues that among 21st-century jazz vocalists, only “a few manage to reinvest standards in new ways,” which is exactly what this new class is doing so well.（斯科特耶诺指出，在21世纪的爵士歌手中，只有“少数人设法以新的方式重新投资标准”，这正是

23、这个新阶层做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特耶诺褒奖新爵士歌手，所以B选项“肯定的”正确。A选项“批判的”，C选项“中立的”和D选项“否定的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。24.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句You always create something new even when you use vocabulary from the past.（即使你使用过去的词汇，你也总会创造出新的东西），可知这里的突破界限是对已有的东西再创造，所以A选项“她们不是一味按照爵士音乐的传统方式表演”正确，B选项“她们不全用英语唱歌”不是这里的重点，故错误。C选项“她们喜欢尝试用不同的乐器演奏爵士

24、乐”和D选项“她们更喜欢唱自己创作的歌曲”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。25.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Ultimately, this return to the roots of jazz has to do with authenticity and accessibility.（归根结底，这种对爵士乐根源的回归与真实性和接受性有关。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因为对爵士乐本身的理解，所以A选项“早期接触美国爵士乐文化”正确。B选项“良好的英语语言能力”，C选项“创新和原创性”和D选项“周游世界”不是这里的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题He wrote down

25、the address _ he should forget it.问题1选项A.in case notB.lestC.in order thatD.of fear that【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他写下了地址，以免忘记。横线到句尾部分是原因状语从句。A选项in case“以免”，不加not；B选项lest“以免”；C选项in order that“以便”；D选项fear“担心”，of fear that不合语法。写下地址是为了防止忘记和语法正确性，B选项lest“以免”符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being

26、 _ when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharged“排出；批准离开”；B选项discarded“丢弃”；C选项disposed“处理，布置，安排”；D选项dumped“倾销”。句意：当一种产品以低于其正常价值的价格引入另一个国家时，该产品将被视为_。根据语境，这里是在解释经济学术语，所以dumped“倾销”符合题意。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Sometim

27、es _ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.问题1选项A.that is difficultB.is difficultC.it is difficultD.that is difficult【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有时很难把物理和化学分成不同类别。It is difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很困难”，所以C选项it is difficult符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the deg

28、ree _ the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.of whichB.with whichC.in whichD.to which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教学质量应该以学生潜能的开发程度来衡量。横线及其后面部分是修饰degree的定语从句，根据固定搭配to the degree确定用介词to，D选项to which符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period on recovery from a rec

29、ession, but the conditions that conspired to cause the recession were also _.问题1选项A.hearteningB.fascinatingC.ambiguousD.atypical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项heartening“鼓舞人心的”；B选项fascinating“吸引人的”；C选项ambiguous“不明确的；模棱两可的”；D选项atypical“不合规则的”。句意：在从衰退中复苏的时期，创造就业机会的缓慢步伐史无前例，但导致衰退的条件也_。根据also得出在把创造就业机会的步伐和导致经济衰退的条

30、件相提并论，所以答案和without precedent“史无前例”相对应，atypical“不合规则的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题Recorded _ of todays big football game will be shown after news.问题1选项A.summitsB.peaksC.heightsD.highlights【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项summits“最高点；首脑会议”；B选项peaks“高峰的（时期）；（过程、活动的）顶峰”；C选项heights“顶点；高潮”；D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天录制的足球_将在新闻

31、之后播放。根据语境，这里指足球比赛的精华集锦，D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 翻译题“Bah! Humbug”, was Scrooges opinion of charitable giving and even today some economists reckon charity goes against economic rationality. 36. It is often alleged that altruism is inconsistent with economic rationality, which assumes that

32、 people behave selfishly. Certainly, much economic analysis is concerned with how individuals behave, and homo economicus (economic man) is usually assumed to act in his or her self-interest.37. Some economic models assume that self-interested individuals behave altruistically because they get some

33、benefit, or utility, from doing so. For instance, it may make them feel better about themselves, or be a useful insurance policy against social unrest. Other economic models relax the traditional assumption of fully rational behavior by simply assuming that people sometimes behave altruistically, ev

34、en if this may be against their self-interest. The Peace Corps is an example, for people often give up potentially lucrative starts to their careers or interrupt them to do good work overseas. People who work for the Peace Corps do so because they want to and to keep the Peace Corps dynamic with fre

35、sh ideas. 38. Sociologists would argue that there is a natural inclination of human beings to engage themselves in helping others, as a natural instinct to preserve the species. Thus public duty is a survival act.The question then is raised regarding political participation, whether it can be classi

36、fied as an act of economic rationality or of altruism. 39. Public duty may not necessarily mean duty, although it may include that constant and active practical participation in the details of politics without which, upon the part of the most intelligent citizens, the conduct of public affairs falls

37、 under the control of selfish and ignorant or crafty and venal men. Politics often requires service in committees, care and trouble and expense of many kinds, patient endurance of rebuffs, chagrins, ridicules, disappointments, and defeats. 40. All these duties and services, when selfishly and meanly

38、 performed, stigmatize a man as a mere politician, but when performed with honesty and vigilance, they become gradual building blocks, stone by stone and layer by layer, of a nation of self-restrained liberty.【答案】36. 经济学家声称，利他主义与经济理性背道而驰，因为后者假定人们行为自私。37. 一些经济模型假设，利己主义者之所以表现出利他行为，是因为他们从中获得了一些利益或效用。例如

39、，让他们自我感觉更好，或者有效防止社会动荡。38. 社会学家认为人类有一种帮助别人的自然倾向，这是保护同类的自然本能。因此，公共义务是一种生存行为。39. 虽然公共义务有时包括持续和积极参与政治事务，但是公共义务不一定意味着义务。40. 如果带着私心和恶意履行责任和提供服务，那就玷污了这份职业，徒留政客的名声。但是如果带着真诚与严谨，这些行为就会一点一滴、层层递进地建构自我约束下的自由国家。9. 单选题_ was not our concern.问题1选项A.No matter how he might pass the examinationB.Whether he passed the e

40、xamination or notC.Though he might pass the examinationD.While he passed the examination【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他考试及格与否不关我们的事。横线部分为主语从句。B选项Whether he passed the examination or not中whetheror not“无论，是否”，符合题意。A选项No matter how he might pass the examination去掉might选项符合语法，翻译成：无论他怎样通过考试。C选项Though he might pass t

41、he examination中though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不符合语境。D选项While he passed the examination中while“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，不符合语境。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.问题1选项A.mercurialB.gallantC.ardentD.frugal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“多变的；

42、活泼的；机智的”；B选项gallant“英勇的”；C选项ardent“热烈的”；D选项frugal“节俭的”。句意：虽然琳达有时太懒，不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作，但她对引人注目更热烈地喜欢。根据语境，C选项ardent“热烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比较合理，和avid“热衷的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项

43、A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.in case of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“符合；与一致”；B选项in terms of“依据”；C选项in regard to“关于”；D选项in case of“万一；假使”。句意：一个国家的财富应该_其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。根据语境，这里指国家的财富应该用人民和物质来衡量，所以B选项in terms of“依据”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The fact is that motherhood makes the heavie

44、st demands in _ the areas of least experience.问题1选项A.that it might be calledB.what might be calledC.which might be calledD.it might be called【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。根据in可知横线部分是宾语从句，根据横线后面判断宾语从句缺主语。A选项中that不做主语，故A选项错误。D选项构成完整句子，不符合从句结构，故错误。C选项which表示“哪一个”，不符合句意，故错误。B选项中what指areas of least experience“经验最少的领域”

45、，是从句主语，符合题意。句意：事实是，当母亲在所谓不需要经验的领域里有最高的要求。因此B选项正确。13. 翻译题Section B Chinese to English Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.（41）“一带一路”的独特部分是强调建立陆地和海洋基础设施。基础设施是所有国家的永久性需求。由于各国对基础设施的普遍重视，区域性的基础设施和联通项目建设从政治上来说相对容易往前推进。这些

46、项目将自然地增加贸易、投资和各国之间人民的交流。跨国基础设施项目服务于跨境贸易的增长目标，因而是比自由贸易协定更容易促进贸易的方式，而这是当今世界上很多国家都强烈反对的。（42）中国迄今为止已成功实现了渐进式经济下滑，接下来的问题是如何实现长期可持续增长。看看增长的需求端，投资长期以来已成为主要驱动。尽管中国的人均资本存量比更发达的经济体低，(中国)仍然需要实现从投资向消费的逐渐平衡，以避免进一步的资本错配及其负面影响，如一些行业和房地产的过剩。中国在两年前就已经开始这种再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作报告及2017年国民经济与社会发展计划草案又重申了对促进消费的重视。【答案】41. The un

47、ique part of the Belt and Road lies in emphasizing the establishment of terrestrial and marine infrastructure. And infrastructure is a permanent need for all countries. As countries generally attach importance to infrastructure, the construction of regional infrastructure and connecting projects is

48、relatively easy to move forward politically. These projects will naturally increase trade, investment and exchanges among people from different countries. Transnational infrastructure projects serve the growth goals of cross-border trade. And therefore, an easier way to promote trade than free trade

49、 agreements, which many countries in the world today strongly oppose.42. China has so far managed a gradual economic downturn, and the next question is how to achieve long-term sustainable growth. Considering the growing demand side, investment has long been the main driver. Although Chinas capital

50、stock per capita is lower than that of a more developed economies, a gradual balance from investment to consumption is needed to avoid further capital misallocation and its negative effects, such as excess in some industries and real estate. China began this rebalancing effort two years ago, and the

51、 recent government work report and the 2017 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development reaffirmed the emphasis on boosting consumption.14. 单选题Many innovative breakthroughs come about when people venture beyond their own areas of expertise, because often it takes an outsider to ask the n

52、aive question that may yield _ solution.问题1选项A.a constructiveB.an unconventionalC.an agreeableD.a practical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constructive“有建设性的”；B选项unconventional“非传统的；不依惯例的”；C选项agreeable“愉悦的；欣然同意的；可以接受的”；D选项practical“实际的；实用的”。句意：当人们在自己的专业领域之外冒险时，许多创新的突破会出现，因为通常需要一个局外人来问一个天真的问题，而这问题可能产生_解决方案。根据语境，

53、这里指新人会问听起来很外行的问题，但就是这种问题引出解决方案，新人问的问题通常unconventional“非传统的；不依惯例的”。因此B选项正确。15. 翻译题The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a

54、myth. All intercourse between is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each caste is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. 36. Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced

55、into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity.37. The price which society pays for the law of competition, like

56、 the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost, for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But whether the law be benign or not, we must say of

57、 it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred.It is here; we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we cannot be sure; 38. And while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the surv

58、ival of the fittest in every department. 39. We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment, the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being no

59、t only beneficial, but essential to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer, who has to conduct affairs upon great scale. 40. That this talent for organization and m

60、anagement is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or conditions.【答案】36在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。37在社会中人类为了竞争所付出的代价，就和为了不需要花钱就能得到的舒适和奢侈品一样代价高昂；但是竞争

61、法则带来的好处高于付出的代价，因为正是这种竞争法则，经济快速发展，生活水平得到提高。38虽然这一法则对个体来说可能很难，但是它适用于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适应并生存。39因此，我们接受并欢迎我们必须适应的条件，也就是工业和商业掌握在少数人手中的巨大不平等；而他们之间的竞争法则不仅是良性的，而且对种族的未来发展必不可少。40无论在什么地方，在什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了只有少数人有这种能力。16. 单选题If the dispute is not settled in a (n) _ way soon, the two count

62、ries will certainly go to war.问题1选项A.amiableB.amicableC.inimicalD.unfriendly【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项amiable“亲切友好的”；B选项amicable“心平气和的”；C选项inimical“对有害的；敌意的”；D选项unfriendly“不友好的”。句意：如果争端不尽快以_的方式解决，这两个国家肯定会开战。根据语境，这里指如果没有妥善解决这个问题，就会引发战争，amicable“心平气和的”方式放在这里比较合适。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题Among the first plans to grow

63、the land regions of Earth _, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size.问题1选项A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在最初的计划中，地球规模中的陆地区域在史前时期规模增长到巨大。A选项segregation“分离；隔离”；B选项specification“规格；说明书”；C选项spectrum“光谱；频谱；范围”；D选项subscription“捐献；订阅；订金；签署”。根据immense size可知B选项specification“规格”符合题意。因此B选项正确。18. 翻译题(36) For many, the global financial and economic crisis