某货车悬架系统的设计【含6张CAD高清图纸、文档全套】【LB4】
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密级分类号编号成绩本科生毕业设计(论文)外文翻译原文标题Suspension Basics 译文标题悬架系统的基本原理作者所在系别车辆工程作者所在专业机械电子工程作者所在班级B13142作者姓名李京城作者学号201322353指导教师姓名赵秋芳指导教师职称副教授完成时间2017年2月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题悬架系统的基本原理原文标题Suspension Basics作者Scott译名斯科特国籍美国原文出处http:/www.docin.com/p-1175103800.html?qq-pf-to=pcqq.c2c译文:悬架系统的基本原理悬架系统虽不是汽车运行不可或缺的部件,但有了它人们可以获得更佳的驾史感受。简单的说,它是车身与路面之见的桥梁“悬架的行程涉及到悬浮于车轮之上的车架,传动系的相对位置“就像横跨于日金山海湾之上的金门大桥,它连接了海湾两佣。去掉汽车上的悬架就像是你做一次冷水潜泳通过海湾一样,你可以平安的渡过整个秋天,但会疼痛会持续几周想想滑板吧!它直接接触路而你可以感受到每一块砖,裂隙及其撞击。这简气就是一种令人全身都为之震颤的体验“当轮子滑过路面时,就会在此产生震动,中击,这种震动的旅程时对你的身体和勇气的检验。如果你没感到随时都有被掀之势,那么你或许会乐在其中吧!这就是你会在没有悬架的汽车上将会体验到的“汽车的悬架分为两种基本类型:整体和独立悬架。整体悬架(也叫刚性梁,刚性轴)是联接车辆上下两部分的一种主要形式“一如其才,它是用一根金属材料一一一轴,来连接两侧车轮的。钢板弹簧在车架之;在两半轴中间装有差速器,允许两儷的轮子以不同的角速度旋转。整体式悬架的车辆在行进中,由于两侧的车轮共用一根周因此,当某一侧车轮跳动时另一侧也会随之运动“它们的反馈结果就像是一个整体“可以想的到,这不可能有舒适的驾驶体验的。虽然可以借助于弹簧来衰减猛烈的震动,但仍然存在较强的震动“那么,既尜如此为什么还要用这种悬架呢?第一,它很坚周,由于采用了一体化的结构,定轴式悬架系统具有着其他方式悬架不可替代的承载能力”它们经常应用于行史于较差路况的车辆。你可以在卡车和重载车辆上见到它。一种由固定轴式悬架变形系统叫做TIB悬架系统(或叫半固定轴式在这种结构中,有两根刚性轴而非一根“这种设计可兼得较大的刚性和较好的韧性,通常用于轻卡的前悬。另外一种基本结构是叫做独立悬架的系统。想它的名字一样,匕是由两个独立存在的“桥“分别连接两侧的车轮。到目前为止,这种结构可以提供最舒适的乘坐环境,多见于乘用车,小型货车和其他的小型车辆。这是目前较为流行的一种悬架系统。如果你喜欢较软的悬架,那么独立悬架无疑是最佳选择。除了轴,车轮,轮胎,今天的悬架系统使用的两个重要部件是弹簧和减震器,以增强车辆的安全和舒适性“弹簧:在一辆车上弹簧是悬架系统的主要部件“有集中不同的弹簧,比如扭杆弹簧,但几乎所有的车辆都采用螺旋弹簧来构成四轮独立悬架系统“许多卡车也用螺旋弹簧,而重载卡车则使用弹簧安装于其后悬。弹簧可以减缓和储存来自路面的振动,冲击等能量“它通过压缩和伸展来衰减振动。当一辆车子的某一个轮子遇到一个凸起而向上跳动时,弹簧就会衰减额外的能量。以此来保证能量传递的连贯性,在此过程中确保车轮始终与路而保持接触。弹簧压缩或伸展量的大小是由“弹簧刚度”决定的。弹簧刚度以每英寸的变形量是由多少载荷所引起来表示的。比如,1inch/pound,所以200磅的负荷可以产生2inch的变形量。弹簧变形量是由很多的因素决定的。对于蟈旋弹簧而言包括有效圈数,弹簧中径,弹簧钢直径。有效圈数越少,刚度越小。弹簧的设计影响到车辆的舒适性与操纵稳定性。由于弹簧衰减了大部分的能量,因而可以提供较好的驾驶环境。毕竟它可以衰减由于路面产生的能量。但总会有工程交换的。这种弹簧会使车辆的重心较高,从而在轮子跳动时导致不稳定工况这种工况的产生是由于弹簧的压缩和伸展的量不同而引起的。车身的“翻滚”大都发生在悬架之上。这种“翻滚”叫做载荷转移,是由于某一车轮跳动是汽车的重心偏移的离心力所引起的“载荷转移可能导致某一车轮承受较大的附加载荷,这将会产生有害的拖拽力,不利于操纵稳定性。减振器:悬架的另外一个重要部件是减震器减震器在悬架系统中扮演着衰减振动最后防线的角色,而这本是弹簧的职责。减振器可以衰减由于路而致使弹簧上下跳动而产生的振动的影响“人们不喜欢限程减振器;他们更喜欢阻尼器“如果不加处理一一一就是被你,我叫做振动衰减器东西“减振器丁作中有两个行程一一压缩和伸张。压缩行程发生在活塞向下运动,在活塞套筒密闭的内室向下挤压液压油“伸张行程发生在活塞向上方的套筒顶部运动时,此时被压缩的液体将向上充满套筒“如果没有减振器,弹簧衰减的能量将会以不可控制的速率释放。弹簧的惯性将导致它猛烈的弹回和扩张。这时弹簧还可以再次被压缩,但是又会被压缩过量。此后,弹簧仍旧会以其自然频率被弹回直至它的能量被摩擦力损耗完。这种作用十分不利于车辆稳定性“迷惑了吧?1下面是个模型(来阐释这个概念)。如果你有一个劃带且近日又没用它,你可以用它做个试验。用手拿着它在空中使他压缩。现在,拿着一端放丿T-另一端,绷带就会衰减由于地心引力而产生的潜在能量。(就像车上的弹簧衰减路面的振动那样),它会上上下下的持续很长时间“如果一辆车没有减振器的协作它就会像这样“你可能听过“支撑杆”这个单词,或者更平常点的麦弗逊一支撑杆。这个杆通常是作为减震器的主要结构部件。对于支撑杆,减振器是安装在螺旋弹簧内圈的“如此也可减少空间,成本也不高。许多车都用麦弗逊式的结构“振动和支撑杆可以帮助控制悬架在允许的范围内快速运动。这对于保持轮胎与地面接触是很重要的“大多数的减振器在设计时更多的考虑增加弹簧伸展循环的阻力”这是因为扩张行程决定着汽车弹簧的重量(通常为悬架重量的50_100月另一方面,压缩行程决定着车辆的非悬架质量(车轮,轮胎,刹车,一半的悬架质量。附录:原文 Suspension BasicsThe suspension system, while not absolutely essential to the operation of a moto r vehicle makes a big difference in the amount of pleasure experienced while driving- Essent ally, it acts as a bndge between the occupants of the vehicle and the road they ride on. The term suspension refers the ability of this bridge to suspend a vehicles frame, and powertrain above the wheels- Like the Golden Gate Bridge hovering over San Francisco. Bay, it separates the two and keeps them apart Tore move this suspension would be like taking a c0 dive from the Golden Gate: you might survive the fall, but the impact would leave you sore for weeks. Think of a skateboard- It has direct contact With the road You feel every bnck crack, crevce and bump. Its almost a Msceral experience As the *wheels grow across the pavement, picking up a bump here a crack there the M bratlon travels up your legs and settles in your gut- You could almost admit you were haMng fun, if you didnt feel like you were gonna toss your tacos at any second. This is at your car would like without a suspension system. Before we get into the individual components that make up a vehicles ride support, lets take at a basic pnnciple of design: solid axle independent suspension solid axle suspension, because both 1 Is share the same axle, the up movement of one wheel causes a like movement in the other wheel. They respond as 0 unit As you can imagine, this doesnt make the most comfortable nde. Eben though solid axle designs utilize spnngs to soften their inherently harsh ride charactenstics (more on different spnng setups bow ) , they still bump along like a bnck outhouse. So why use them at all? Well, strength, for one. Because of the unitized construction solid axle suspension systems incredible load bearing capacity- They also handle uneven roads superbly. Youll find them in trucks and off road vehicles .A modified fonm of the solid axle design is called Twin -I-beam suspension, his setup, 一 one for each wheel 一 take the place of a Single axle This design offers many of the strengths of the solid axle design, With a slightly softer ride- Yo find it used pnmarily in the front end of light trucks The other main design s c independent suspens on- As the name suggests independent suspension assemblies offer a separate bridge for each wheel- They deliver the best characteristics by and are found most frequently in passenger cars, minivans, and other street vehicles Ths is the most popular kind of suspension system in use today you like the smoothness we can almost guarantee has independent .Suspension In addition to axles, wheels and tires todays suspension systems utilize bmother compSpnngs absorb and store road shock caused by bumps, dips, cracks, and so (remember the skateboard a They absorb this shock by either compressing extending. When a cars wheel goes over a bump and gets pushed upward, the spring absorbs that additional, keeps the road shock from reaching the chassis, and makes sure the tire maintains contact with the pavement .How much a spnng compresses “ extends is determined by spring rate Spnng rate is measured in pounds per inch of deflection, for example, 100 pounds per Inch- So, say aload of 200 pounds is applied, the spring Will deflect 2 inches. Spring rate comes on various facto For a coil spring, this includes the number of acti*,e coils, the diameter of the coils, and the diameter of the spring WI re The fewer coils a spnng has, the higher the spring rate it will have. The design Of a spnng affects how well the vehicle WII ride and handle- A spring that absorbs lots of energy Will generally offer a comfortable nde. Aner all, can absorb most of the road shock (energy) that is being generated by the road surface But there are always engineering trade 0 Shocks and struts help control how fast the suspension is allowed to m ove which s important for keeping the tires in contact with the road Most shock absorber designs have more resistance dunng the extension (rebound) cycle than the compression cycle is because the extension cycle controls the motion of the vehicles sprung weight of the suspension and everything else above the suspension). The compression cycle, on the other hand, controls the motion of unsprung weight (wheels, tires, brakes and half of the suspension)5指导教师评语外文翻译成绩:指导教师签字:年月日注:1.指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面:翻译的外文文献与毕业设计(论文)的主题是否高度相关,并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计(论文)的参考文献;翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量(3000字以上);译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。2.外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。
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