2020版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 21 Human Biology讲义 北师大版选修7.doc
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Unit 21 Human Biology (一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1enhance vt.增强;提高2supreme adj. (程度)最大的,极度的3pulsory adj. 强制性的,义务的4controversial adj. 有争议的5contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾6interpret vt. 翻译;解释7acute adj. 严重的;剧烈的8statistics n. 统计资料;统计数字9adaptation n. 变化;变种10mourn vi.& vt. 感到悲痛;表示哀悼11prescription n. 处方12systematic adj. 系统化的13temporary adj. 临时的;短暂的14sceptical adj. 怀疑的15absurd adj. 荒谬的;不合理的.重点单词写其形1circulate vi. 循环2digest vt. 消化3abuse vt. 滥用4fundamental adj. 根本的;基础的5seek vt. 寻找6threat n. 威胁7postpone vt. 延期,推迟,延迟8identify vt. 确定;认出,识别9symptom n. 症状;征兆10weekly adj. 每周一次的11decline vi. 下降12firm n纵联1 商行,公司13rate n. 比率14deadline n. 截止日期,最后日期15vote vi. 表决16circumstance n. 纵联2 情形;情况17submit vt. 提交18annual adj.纵联3 每年的,一年一次的,年度的.拓展单词通其变1tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的tolerance n容忍2oppose vt.反对opposite adj.相反的;反对的opposition n相反opposed adj.相反的,对立的3prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n禁止;禁令prohibitive adj.禁止的4unite vt.联合;团结;统一union n团结united adj.团结的5equip vt.使有准备equipment n装备;设备6fortune n大笔钱财,巨款fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunate adj.不幸的misfortune n不幸7concern n担心;担忧concerned adj.关心的,牵挂的;有关的concerning prep.关于纵联1.“公司”有几家firm n商行,公司 pany n公司corporation n公司;法人(团体) syndicate n企业联合纵联2.聚焦“状况,情况”相关名词condition statesituation circumstancestatus纵联3.annual相关形容词全扫描minutely每分钟的 hourly每小时的daily每日的 weekly每周的fortnightly每两周的 monthly每月的quarterly每季度的单元话题医药与健康子话题1医药类别drug n药,药物;毒品 medicine n药pill n药丸,药片 capsule n(药)胶囊herb n草药 tablet n药片poison n毒药子话题2疾病的分类stress n精神压力,心理负担 sneeze vi.打喷嚏swell vi.肿胀 dizzy adj.头晕目眩的fever n发烧;发热 cough n& vi.咳嗽depression n抑郁症 heart attack心脏病子话题3疾病的治疗方法take medicine 吃药take ones temperature 量体温take ones blood pressure 量血压operate on/perform an operation on sb.给某人动手术 学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018江苏高考阅读D)Javed Khan, of childrens charity Barnardos, said:“Its vital that new pulsory ageappropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help (equipment) children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“Its also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”写出加黑词的汉语意思:强制性的,义务的用所给词的适当形式填空:equip,所填词在此处的意思为使能够胜任写出加黑词在本单元中的近义形容词:supreme2(2017江苏高考阅读D)More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade (declining/falling/dropping) rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is mon sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.选词填空:declining,所选词的动词形式为decline,其意为下降,谢绝写出加黑词在本单元中的反义词:prohibited,加黑词后若直接跟动词需用动名词作宾语写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词:adaptation,与加黑词形近义异的词有:adopt,其意为采取,收养高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2015全国卷书面表达)400字即可,截止日期是6月28日。(deadline)400_words_would_be_fine,_and_the_deadline_when_you_can_hand_in_your_article_is_June_28th.2(2014北京高考书面表达)我很抱歉。我能建议我们推迟到8月初吗?(postpone)Im_sorry_about_it.Can_I_suggest_that_we_postpone_it_until_early_August? (二)课堂重点释疑1postpone vt.推迟,延期记牢postpone doing sth.延缓/推迟做某事postpone sth.until/to . 把某事推迟到练通单句语法填空The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather.The headmaster postponed holding (hold) the meeting until all teachers arrived at the meeting room.写美(2018全国卷书面表达)首先,你最好准时到达而不要推迟到达,因为在中国守时是礼貌的。First_of_all,_youd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_China.联想“延缓做某事,推迟做某事”的表达还有:put off doing sth.;delay doing sth.等。2oppose vt.&vi.反对;反抗记牢(1)oppose (sb.s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事(2)opposed adj. 相反的;对立的be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事;与(做)某事对立opposite adj. 对立的,在对面的prep. 在的对面练通单句语法填空All people present are opposed to working (work) extra hours on Sunday.We oppose using (use) this unusual technique to clone humans.She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.一句多译我反对修改这个方案,因为它是可行的。I oppose_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(oppose)I am_opposed_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(opposed)I object_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(object)I am_against_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(against)用准opposeobject tobe against“反对”;oppose后跟动词时要用动词ing形式。be opposed to结构中,to是介词,其后也要用动词ing形式。写美(2015浙江高考书面表达)当我的想法与其他人的想法对立时,我选择尊重大多数人的意见。When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others,_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.3prohibit vt.禁止,阻止记牢(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n. 禁止;禁令a prohibition against/on . 的禁令练通单句语法填空The environment group is demanding a plete prohibition (prohibit) against setting off fireworks in the Spring Festival.His small size prohibits his being (bee) a policeman.There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.句型转换Some people think that its necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from smoking in public places.Some people think that its necessary to prohibit peoples smoking in public places.Some people think that its necessary to prohibit people from smoking in public places.写美(2014江苏高考书面表达 )事实上,中国人从来没有禁止从其他语言中提取词汇,比如日语中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”。In_fact,_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages,_for_example,_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.联想“禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃:discourage sb. from doing sth.ban sb. from (doing) sth.prevent sb. (from) doing sth.forbid sb. (from) doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.stop sb. (from) doing sth.4tolerate vt.忍受,容忍记牢(1)tolerate (doing) sth.容忍/容许(做)某事(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的;宽容的be tolerant of 对宽容;容忍(3)tolerance n. 容忍 show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人练通单句语法填空As a teacher, you need to show tolerance towards your students carelessness in study.I couldnt tolerate being_interrupted (interrupt) when I was editing my book.We must learn to be tolerant of different cultures especially when we live in a multicultural society.一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。I_cant_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)I_cant_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)I_cant_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)写美(2014江苏高考书面表达)随着英语学习者数量的增加,我们应该对我们语言中出现的不同词汇保持宽容。As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise,_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.联想表示“容忍,忍受”的单词或短语还有:bear; stand; put up with等。 5submit vt.提交;递交vi.服从,屈服记牢submit to服从于;屈从于submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受;服从submit .to . 向提交练通完成句子The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule.英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving.开车时你必须遵守交通规则。I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible.我会尽快把报告提交给你。用准在submit . to .中,submit是及物动词,意为“呈交”;而在submit to中,submit是不及物动词,意为“服从”。写美(2014辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创意之外,你还需要向学生会提交一份报告,解释你是如何想到这个点子的,以及你使用了哪些材料。Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.6seek (sought,sought) vt.寻找,寻求;追求;探求,探索;试图记牢seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物seek ones fortune 找出路;碰运气seek out 找出;寻出seek to do sth. 试图做某事练通单句语法填空Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy.He sought to_climb (climb) over the fence, but failed.The foreigners have sought help from the local government.完成句子If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.如果你想追求成功,就必须努力工作。He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。写美(2014广东高考书面表达)为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义,理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.7equip vt.使有准备;配备;装备记牢(1)equip .with .用装备equip .for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好;做好准备equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事(2)equipment nU 装备,设备练通单句语法填空My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip)单句改错Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.EquippingEquippedI am going to buy telephone equipments for our pany.equipmentsequipment写美(2018全国卷书面表达)此外,由于我们学校配备了各种设施,各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.8decline vi.&vt.下降;衰退;谢绝 n下降;衰退辨清写出下列句中decline的词性和含义I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.谢绝The pany reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1970s.n.衰退记牢(1)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事decline to 下降/减少到decline by 下降/减少了(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降in decline 下降on the decline 走下坡路,在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落,陷入衰退练通单句语法填空There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sales this year.The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month.The pany, however, now declines to_ment (ment) further on the subject.完成句子His health_fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.在事故中受伤后,他的健康状况每况愈下。Theres a widelyheld belief that educational standards have_been_on_the_decline in the past few years.人们普遍认为过去几年教育标准下降了。用准decline后接不定式作宾语,一般不接动名词;decline表示“谢绝”时,已含有“拒绝接受”之意,所以其后一般不接to accept,以免语义重复。写美(2017江苏高考书面表达)然而,去年中国的经济增长率有所下降。However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.9fortune n财产;大笔的钱;机会;运气记牢(1)seek/try ones fortune找出路;碰运气make a fortune 发财(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的;侥幸的(lucky)be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(luckily)练通单句语法填空It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he found his lost wallet at last.What a difficult test! Fortunately (fortunate) I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed.She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.完成句子Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune.许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路。He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa.他在南非的金矿里发了财。写美(2014湖北高考书面表达)幸运的是,她受伤不严重,我们把她送到了最近的医院。Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.2The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.3You should seek (寻求) advice from your lawyer on this matter.4Under the circumstances (情况), we must rely on ourselves.5They were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to keep prices artificially high.6As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants.7The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.8Due to bad management, pany profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.9This weekly (每周一次的) schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you aware of how you spend your time.10With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.单句语法填空1I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone.2Lets postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.3He has declined to_e (e) and in that case we can ask somebody else.4Having been used to warm climate, Li Ming cant tolerate living (live) in such a cold place.5We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.6If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers,you need to submit it to Smart Animals.7You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.8We shared the belief that if youre fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.9He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving.10Our parents are concerned (concern) about our health and future.单句改错1He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year.made后加a2The number of population in that country is now in the decline.去掉第二个the3I oppose to destroy the relics, because of its fame around the world and its long history since 1906._destroydestroying4The tobacco retail businessmen were strictly prohibited selling cigarettes to young men under 18.selling前加from5He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school.equipmentsequipment.完成句子1I oppose/am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.我反对星期天去购物,因为太拥挤了。2I must remind you that at no time will_the_school_tolerate_cheating_in_exams.我必须提醒你,学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。3I didnt know why the boy declined_to_answer a question.我不知道那个男孩为什么拒绝回答问题。4They always look for excuses to postpone_doing_something.他们总是找借口推迟做某事。5We are_submitting_the_proposal_to the mittee for their approval.我们正把建议提交委员会审批。(一)课前自主学习1in_vain徒然,白费力气2at_random 随便地,随意地3at_all_costs 不管多大代价4straight_away 串记1 立刻,马上5wipe_out 彻底毁灭6stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止;消灭7rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8at_any_rate 无论如何;至少9get_down_to串记2 开始做10bring_up 教育;抚养;呕吐11get_through 通过(考试);完成12clear_up 串记3 放晴;解释;澄清13put_off 推迟;延期14miss_out 遗漏;遗忘;错过机会15focus_on 聚焦;集中;对准同根短语串记串记1.“立即,即刻”短语全接触at once立即 right now/away立刻straight away立刻,马上 in no time立刻,马上in a flash即刻 in an instant立即;马上串记2.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选get down to doing sth. set out to do sth.set about doing sth. settle down to sth.start/begin doing/to do sth.串记3.clear短语荟萃clear up解释;澄清;放晴 clear away把收拾整洁clear off溜掉,离开 clear out把清理干净 1track and field田径运动2athletic performances 运动成绩3in the wrong hands 错误地4the desire to succeed 获得成功的愿望5beyond their natural limits 超出了自然极限6thorough and systematic medical research 全面系统的医学研究7the issue of performanceenhancing drugs 提高成绩的药物问题8with all the international effort being made 随着国际间的共同努力9pass the virus to people 把病毒传染给人们1It_is_pulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested_ but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查,而其他参与者只是随机地检查。2The Olympic spirit the spirit of petition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。3Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命,并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的人而不是老年人,它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块与句式1(2016江苏高考阅读B)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when pared with chimps.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)at_any_rate2(2015陕西高考阅读D)Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)focused_on高考采撷(二)写作中的词块与句式(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)希望你不要错过这次活动。我相信通过影片你能更好地了解我们学校。(miss out)Hopefully,_you_dont_miss_out_the_activity.I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_know_our_school_better_through_the_film.2(2018全国卷书面表达)此外,你最好带一些小礼物,比如一本书(It isadj. for sb.to do .)Furthermore,_it_is_advisable_for_you_to_bring_some_small_gifts,_like_a_book.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1at any rate无论如何;不管怎样;反正,至少记牢at this/that rate照此情形;如此下去at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率;以的价格练通完成句子You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate.你至少应该对你的行为作出调整。At_this_rate,_we wont make it to the destination before 5 oclock.照此情形,5点之前我们是不能到达目的地的。The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour on the free way.司机在高速公路上以每小时100公里的速度开车。写美(2014湖北高考书面表达)在我看来,我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.2wipe out彻底毁灭;全部摧毁记牢wipe away擦掉,清除掉wipe sth. off/from 从上擦去某物;勾销(债务等)wipe sth. with sth. 用擦wipe up 擦干净练通完成句子The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.在仅仅两个小时之内,暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。He wiped_away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand.流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉。I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room.孩子们离开房间后,我把地上的东西擦干净了。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且还可能毁灭人们的生活。The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_peoples_life.3at all costs无论如何,不管多大代价记牢at the cost/expense of .牺牲;以为代价at a cost of . 以的费用/价格at any cost at all costs 在任何情况下;无论如何at cost 按成本价练通完成句子Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources.发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价。The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost.这项工作如此紧急,以至于我们无论如何得在6点前完成。You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet.你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书。写美(2015安徽高考书面表达)如果我能采访他,无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的。If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.句式集释1It isadj.for sb. to do教材原句It_is_pulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.悟拓展例句(1)(2017江苏高考)It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintain the size of population.对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模。(2)It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.他们很聪明,能充分利用互联网。析用法规则用法归纳(1)“It isadj.for sb. to do .”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。(2)“It isadj.of sb.to do .”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。注意事项(1)若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用of sb.,反之用for sb.。(2)of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系;而for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系。背写作佳句(1)(2017北京高考满分作文)It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.(开头句)(2)(2017全国卷满分作文)Its difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.(要点句)(3)(2018全国卷满分作文)It will be not only meaningful but also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.(要点句)2并列连词rather than教材原句The Olympic spirit the spirit of petition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.悟拓展例句(1)Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face.如今,一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。(2)(2014陕西高考)We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里,但这是她的选择,她不再是孩子了。析用法规则用法归纳- 配套讲稿:
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