多用途小型钻铣床设计【含CAD高清图纸和文档所见所得】
【温馨提示】=【1】设计包含CAD图纸 和 DOC文档,均可以在线预览,所见即所得,dwg后缀的文件为CAD图,超高清,可编辑,无任何水印,充值下载得到【资源目录】里展示的所有文件=【2】若题目上备注三维,则表示文件里包含三维源文件,由于三维组成零件数量较多,为保证预览的简洁性,店家将三维文件夹进行了打包。三维预览图,均为店主电脑打开软件进行截图的,保证能够打开,下载后解压即可。=【3】特价促销,拼团购买,均有不同程度的打折优惠,详情可咨询QQ:1304139763 或者 414951605=
附表2:长城学院本科毕业设计(论文)中期检查表系:工程技术系 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 检查日期:2015年3月29日学生姓名王硕论文题目多用途小型钻铣床设计任务书已完成(),进行中( )参考文献 13 篇:其中外文文献 3 篇外文翻译已完成(),进行中( );完成字数约: 7339 字(翻译成的汉字字数)开题报告已完成(),进行中( );完成字数约: 2040 字正文已完成( ),进行中();完成比比例: 20 %已完成的任务通过对相关产品的调研,搜集相关资料学习相关知识。通过资料了解产品的结构,初步拟定方案,并征求老师的指导。对比方案,确定最终方案,确定相关参数,绘出大体构架。待完成的任务整理国内外资料,分析外文资料并进行外文翻译。产品说明说的详细设计,以及零件图的绘制。存在的问题主轴箱以及进给系统的设计;时间紧任务重采取的办法通过考虑机床的承载能力,确定所需的能量参数,进行演算,得出其最大承受力,确定机床的规格,从而进一步确定主轴箱和进给系统的数据参数,从而做到对机床系统的设计。指导教师意见 指导教师签名: 注:按表中的要求填写,选项打钩();中国地质大学长城学院 本科毕业设计外文资料翻译 系 别: 工程技术系 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名: 王硕 学 号: 05211611 2015年 4 月 4 日 1 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 附录一 Drilling and Milling Machines Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of apindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the neds of most industries. Speed ranges on a typical machine are from 76 to 2025 rpm., with drill feed from 0.002 to 0.020 in.per revolution of the spindle. Radial drilling machines are used to drill workpieces that are too large or cumbersome to conveniently move. The spindle with the speed and feed changing mechanism is mounted on the radial arm; by combining the movement of the radial arm around column and the movement of the spindle assembly along the arm, it is possible to align the spindle and the drill to any position within reach of the machine. For work that is too large to conveniently support on the base, the spindle assembly can be swung out over the floor and the workpiece set on the beside the machine. Plain radial drilling machines provide only for vertical movement of the spindle; universal machines allow the spindle to swivel about an axis normal to the radial arm and the radial arm to rotate about a horizontal axis, thus permitting drilling at any angle. A multispindle drilling machine has one or more heads that drive the spindles through universal joints and telescoping splined shafts. All spindles are usually driven by the same motor and fed simultaneously to drill the desired number of holes. In most machines each spindle is held in an adjustable plate so that it can be moved relative to the others. The area covered by adjacent spindles overlap so that the machine can be set to drill holes at any location within its range. The milling operation involves metal removal with a rotating cutter. It includes removal of metal from the surface of a workspiece, enlarging holes, and form cutting, such as threads and gear teeth. Within an knee and column type of milling machine the column is the main supporting member for the other components, and includes the base containing the drive motor, the spindle, and the cutters. The cutter is mounted on an arbor held in the spindle, and supported on its outer extremity by a bearing in the overarm. The knee is held on the column in dovetail slots, the saddle is fastened to the knee in dovetail slots, and the table is attached to the saddle. Thus, the build-up the knee and column 2 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 machine provides three motions relative to the cutter. A four motion may be provided by swiveling the table around a vertical axis provided on the saddle. Fixed-bed milling machines are designed to provide more rigidity than the knee and column type. The table is mounted directly on the machine base, which provides the rigidity necessary for absorbing heavy cutting load, and allows only longitudinal motion to the table. Vertical motion is obtained by moving the entire cutting head. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model. In a typical tracer mill the tracing finger follow the shape of the master pattern, and the cutter heads duplicate the tracer motion. The following are general design considerations for milling: 1. Wherever possible, the part should be designed so that a maximum number of surfaces can be milled from one setting. 2. Design for the use of multiple cutters to mill several surfaces simultaneously. 3. The largest flat surface will be milled first, so that all dimensions are best referred to such surface. 4. Square inside corners are not possible, since the cutter rotates. Grinding Machines and Special Metal-removal Process Random point-cutting tools include abrasives in the shape of a wheel, bonded to a belt, a stick, or simply suspended in liquid. The grinding process is of extreme importance in production work for several reasons. 1.It is most common method for cutting hardened tool steel or other heat-treated steel. Parts are first machined in the un-heat-treated condition, and then ground to the desired dimensions and surface finish. 2.It can provide surface finish to 0.5m without extreme cost. 3.The grinding operation can assure accurate dimensions in a relatively short time, since machines are built to provide motions in increments of ten-thousandths of an inch, instead of thousandths as is common in other machines. 4.Extremely small and thin parts can be finished by this method, since light pressure is used and the tendency for the part to deflect away from the cutter is minimized. On a cylindrical grinding machine the grinding wheel rotates between 5500 and 6500 rpm., while the work rotates between 60 and 125 rpm. The depth of cut is 1 3 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 controlled by moving the wheel head, which includes both the wheel and its drive motor. Coolants are provided to reduce heat distortion and to remove chips and abrasive dust. Material removal from ductile materials can be accomplished by using a tool which is harder than the workpiece. However during Word War the widespread use of materials which were as hard or harder than cutting tools created a demand for new material-removal methods. Since then a number of processes have been developed which, although relatively slow and costly, can effectively remove excess material in a precise and repeatable fashion. There are two types of processes. The first type is based on electrical phenomena and is used primarily for hard materials; the second depends upon chemical dissolution. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method. The area to remain untouched by the etchant are masked with a protective coating. For example, the entire part may be dipped in the masking material and the mask removed from those areas to be etched, or a chemically resistant prescribed time, after which the part is rinsed in cold water, the masking removed, the part inspected, and thoroughly cleaned. There are certain disadvantages to consider. Metal will erode equally in all directions, so that walls of the etched section will have a radius equal to the depth of etch. A second disadvantage is that a better finish is obtained on surfaces parallel to the direction of rolling of a sheet than on surface perpendicular to the direction of rolling. This can be compared to the surface obtained when working wood parallel to, or across the grain. A third disadvantage, not unique with this process, is the warpage that will occur in thin, previously stressed sections etched on just one side. Chemical milling, however, has many advantages over conventional metal- removal methods. There is no warpage of heavy sections such as forgings or extrusions when the etchant is applied simultaneously to all sides for reduction of section thickness. In conventional milling only one side can be worked at a time, and frequent turning of a part is necessary to prevent warpage. Chemical milling can be applied to parts of irregular shape where conventional milling may be very difficult. Light-weight construction can be obtained with chemical milling by the elimination of welding, riveting, and stiffeners; parts can be contoured to distribute the load in the most suitable manner. As an example of the potential savings of this process, as compared to machine milling, one company reports that the cost of removing 1 4 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 aluminum by chem.-milling is $0.27 per pound as compared to $1.00 per pound by conventional milling. The rate of metal removal for chem.-milling is 0.001in. for aluminum. Electric-discharge machining is a process in which an electrical potential is impressed between the workpiece and the tool, and the current, emanating from a point source on the workpoiece, flows to the tool in the form of a spark. The forces that accomplish the metal removal are within the workpiece proper and, as a result, it is not necessary to construct the unit to withstand the heavy pressures and loads prevalent with conventional machining methods. The frequency of the electrical discharge ranges from 20,00 cps (cycles per second) for rough machining, to 50,000 cps for finishing such items as hardened tools and dies. The current may vary from 50 amp, during rough machining, to as low as 0.5 amp, during finishing. The process is currently applied to the machining of single- point tools, form tools, milling cutters, broaches, and die cavities. It is also applicable to the removal of broken drills, taps, and studs without damaging the workpiece in which the broken tool is imbedded. Other uses are the machining of oil holes in a hardened part, and the machining of small safety-wire holes in the heads of special alloy bolts, such as titanium. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both conducting and non- conducting material, and relies entirely upon abrasive action for metal removal. The workpiece is submerged in slurry of finely fivided abrasive particles in a vehicle such as water. The tool is coupled to an oscillator and vibrates at frequencies between 15,000 and 30,000 cps. The vibrating tool cavitates the liquid, and the force drives the abrasive into the surface of the workpiece to remove metal chips which are carried away by the liquid. The acceleration given the abrasive grains is as much as 100,000 times the acceleration of gravity, providing a smooth and rapid cutting force. Introduction of Machining Machining as a shape-producing method is the most universally used and the most important of all manufacturing processes. Machining is a shape-producing process in which a power-driven device causes material to be removed in chip form. Most machining is done with equipment that supports both the work piece and cutting tool although in some cases portable equipment is used with unsupported workpiece. Low setup cost for small quantities. Machining has tow applications in 1 5 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 manufacturing. For casting, forging, and pressworking, each specific shape to be p5roduced, even one part, nearly always has a high tooling cost. The shapes that may be produced, even one part, nearly always has a high tooling cost. The shapes that may be produced by welding depend to a large degree on the shapes of raw material that are available. By making use of generally high cost equipment but without special tooling, it is possible, bu machining, to start with nearly any form of any material, so long as the exterior dimensions are great enough, and produce any desired shape from any material. Therefore, machining is usually the preferred method for producing one or a few parts, even when the design of the part would logically lead to casting, forging or pressworking if a high quantity were to be produced. Close accuracies, good finishes. The second application for machining is based on the high accuracies and surface finishes possible. Many of the parts machined in low quantities would be produced with lower but acceptable tolerances if produced in high quantities by some other process. On the other hand, many pars are given shapes by some high quantity deformation process and machined only on selected surfaces where high accuracies are needed. Internal threads, for example, are seldom produced by any means other than machining and small holes in pressworked parts may be machined following the pressworking operations. 1 6 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 钻床和铣削 直式钻床或钻孔式印刷机可用于各种尺寸和种类,它能安装轴速度的 足够范围和自动运转以适应大多工业的要求。一个典型机器的速度范围是70至 2025rmp,以及钻孔的运转速度是0.002到0.020英尺。 旋转钻床用来钻那些太大或太笨重的而不能够移动的工件。通过将转臂 绕立柱的转动和主轴组件沿转臂的移动组合,可使主轴钻头对准机床可达范围 内的任何位置,由于运转太大而不方便建立在此基础上,主轴能够在垂直的地 上方摇摆以及工件能固定在机器旁边的地上。 普通的旋臂钻床只提供轴的垂直运动和径向转臂,通过 轴来运转。 此 钻头 于任何一个 度。 一个多轴通过 能 和可 的 轴来 动的钻床 一个或多个 头。通 的轴 是通过 的 动机来 动和 运转, 的是钻 的 。 多钻床的 个轴在一个可的,以便currency1 “的件 移动。 的轴重fi的fl 的使机器能够在它的范围的任何地方 钻孔。 床转动的”和移动 “。它 一个工件的 移动, 的大和型”,和。 机床的 式柱是currency1件的主要fi。 动机 的基础,轴工 。工 固定在在主轴的 上能过一个 臂的轴 在它的外的 。 通过 动 立柱和立柱机器,提供一 种工 “的 向。 一种 向可能是工 由提供的 围绕 轴旋转而到的。 固定的 机床的设计 的是 或立柱提供 大的 度。工 直 固定在机 的 ,它能大提供度的 要。而 对工 径度的方向。垂直运动是通过移动个工 能达到。 型床的 是 和 件的 运动的 或 ,或是 工件或型的运动的 或 典型的 型床的 型 是 型的 形式,而 机头fi fi 。 下是”的总体的设计 录: 1.果可能的话,零件将被设计以便在一个工位上最大的 能被”。 2.对选择性的工 的设计 的是 ”几个 。 1 7 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 3.应当首先最大的 ,这样 的尺寸 能 好的参 这个 。 4. 工 的转动, 形的各个 落是不可能的。 刺耳的机器和特殊的金属移动程序 随机” 构子形状的,或粘结到带子或棍子上或直 浮 在液体 的研磨材料。 几个原 研磨进程在工件的生产 重要。 对”硬化的 钢材料或currency1的热 钢材来讲它是最普通的方法。零件 在没 热 条件下第一次机器,然后到 的尺度和 光洁度。 它能在没 极限范畴 提供 光洁度达0.5微米。 研磨在 对较短的 间内能确保精确的尺度, 机器在currency1它机 器的一般精度构造 提供的动态是 英尺增加百fi之一的精度,而不是千fi 之一。 尤currency1是小而细的零件能用这个方法完,由于轻压力被使用和零件的柔韧 性 折射 的”值是最小的。 研磨子在圆柱形的研磨机器上在5500和6500rmp之间转动,当工件在60 和125rmp之间转动 ,”的深度运动由木头控制,它 子和它的 动 动机。冷却液用来低热扭曲和移动”以及研磨材料 的灰尘。 韧性的材料的运动通过那些材质硬的 来完,但是在二战期间材料 的广泛传播使用,它新材料运动方法的” 的要求 高。 大 的过程 被改进,尽管 当慢 费高,它能用精确 受的方式来移动过 的材料,这 两种进程式:第一种类型是建立在电子现象的基础上,它用于基本的原 材料 第二种 于化 。 化 质的”用于控制那些用 的 性或 性的 进程。 和钢是通过这种方式的主要原料进程。化 ” 于一个零件的传 的 光洁, 和 ,这个 用以 不那些 在制 外的 。可以将个零件 材料,然后将 将要被 的 可以使用化 的粘 带 要保的, 之后要 一般 定的 间,然后要将零件在冷 currency1,将 ,“零件,fi fl的currency1。 应到的:第一是在各个方 是 的 ,以至 于 的外径和 的深度 第二个是在 于钢的方向上 光洁度要垂直于木的方向上工 的 较 第 个不是过 1 8 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 程的一,而是 生在细的只 一边的压力上的”曲。 而化 ”在传 的移动方 多的。这在 多件没 ”曲 当 被用来低 度的各个上 的造和 压,传 的” 一次只用一来运转,而 零件的转是”曲 要的。化 ”能用 于不的件,而那是传 ” 到的。轻的建 可通过 的currency1 和加”而零件可以被定形通过以适当的方式fi 和 在 的 过程的子一样,机器床 。一个文件 “化 ”移 动 的本,是0.2 英 ,而传 ”是1.00 英 。 以” 移动的 是0.001英尺 fi 。 电子 机器是一个电压用于工件和 之间的过程,电 工件 的 头 ,以 的形式 向 。完移动的力 是工件本 。结 果,对一般的传 机械而 ,没 要建设一个 来 制重压和重。 由于 器的范围大 2000 p 至5000 p 用来精加工此硬的 和 。 电 在加工期间是不化的。 50mp低到精加工期间的0.5mp,这个过程 应用机械的 ,形 ,” , 以及 。它能 移动 的钻头,而 和 不 的工件。currency1的使用方法是一个硬 件的 ,小安fl电 的机械是由大 合制造的, 。 机械程用于体和体,而 完fl 于移动的研磨 , 工件 没在液下fi 的研磨微 。 荡器以及在15000至 3000 p 之间的 动, 动的 抽空液体,冲力研磨材料进 工件的 用来移动”。它们能随 液体 动。研磨的密加速度是重力的100000 倍,以提供一个光 而快速的”冲力。 关于机械加工 一种形方式的机械加工是广泛使用的是 机械制造进程 的最 重要的fi。机械加工是通过”形式使 动装置引起材料运动产生形状的过程 尽管在某些场合,工情况下,使用移动式装备实现加工,但是大多 的 机械加工 是通过既 工件 的装备来完。 小批 生产低费用,机械加工在制造方 两种用途:对浇 ,造,压 力加工,即将生产的 个 体形状,甚至一个零件而 ,几乎是一个高标准的 铸型。这些通过 可能产生的形状在 大程度上 可利用的原材料的形 状。一般说来,通过利用高价设备而又无 种加工条件下,几乎可以 任何种 类原材料 ,借助机械加工把原材料加工任 要求的结构形状,只要外 尺寸够大,那 是可能的。 此,机械加工是 用来生产少 零件,甚至在大 生产以及当零件的设计在逻辑上致浇铸 造,压力加工的 候 推荐的方法 严密的精度,合适的 糙度,对机械加工的第二个应用是建立在可 性的高精度和高 糙度之上。 多用机械的少 件会产生较小 能够 1 9 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 受的偏差是否能够通过currency1的工艺 程生产大 的件。 一方, 多件 通过一些大 的形过程和由机械 要的高精度选择 们的一 般形状,:内的 少能通过currency1的方式生产,机械加工和压力 加工件的小 可能被机器的压力加工过的。 附录二 LATHES & MILLING A shop that is equipped with a milling machine and an engine lathe can machine almost any type of product of suitable size. The basic machines that are designed primarily to do turning,facing and boring are called lathes. Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools,and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathe can do 1 10 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 boring,facing,drilling,and reaming in addition to turning,their versatility permits several operations to be performed with a single setup of the workpiece. This accounts for the fact that lathes of various types are more widely used in manufacturing than any other machine tool. Lathes in various forms have existed for more than two thousand years. Modern lathes date from about 1797,when Henry Maudsley developed one with a leads crew. It provided controlled , mechanical feed of the tool. This ingenious Englishman also developed a change gear system that could connect the motions of the spindle and leadscrew and thus enable threads to be cut. Lathe Construction. The essential components of a lathe are depicted in the block diagram of picture. These are the bed,headstock assembly,tailstock assembly,carriage assembly,quick-change gearbox,and the leadscrew and feed rod. The bed is the back bone of a lathe. It usually is made of well-normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy,rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel,longitudinal ways,inner and outer,are contained on the bed,usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways,whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets. Because several other components are mounted and/or move on the ways they must be made with precision to assure accuracy of alignment. Similarly,proper precaution should betaken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed. The ways on most modern lathes are surface hardened to offer greater resistance to wear and abrasion. The headstock is mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways at one end of the lathe bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the work at various speeds. It consists,essentially,of a hollow spindle,mounted in accurate bearings,and a set of transmission gearssimilar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from eight to 1 11 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 eighteen speeds,usually in a geometric ratio,and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives. Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle,it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings,usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. A long- itudinal hole extends through the spindle so that long bar stock can be fed through it. The size of this hole is an important size dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through the spindle. The inner end of the spindle protrudes from the gear box and contains a means for mounting various types of chucks,face plates,and dog plates on it. Whereas small lathes often employ a threaded section to which the chucks are screwed,most large lathes utilize either cam-lock or key-drive taper noses. These provide a large- diameter taper that assures the accurate alignment of the chuck,and a mechanism that permits the chuck or face plate to be locked or unlocked in position without the necessity of having to rotate these heavy attachments. Power is supplied to the spindle by means of an electric motor through a V-belt or silent-chain drive. Most modern lathes have motors of from 5 to15 horsepower to provide adequate power for carbide and ceramic tools at their high cutting speeds. The tailstock assembly consists,essentially,of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon,with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location. An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it on some type of keyed ways. This transverse motion permits aligning the tailstock and headstock spindles and provides a method of turning tapers. The third major component of the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder,usually about2 to3 inches in diameter,that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a hand wheel and screw. The open end of the quill hole terminates in a Morse taper in 1 12 机械设计制造及自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 which a lathe center,or various tools such as drills,can be held. A graduated scale,several inches in length,usually is engraved on the outside of the quill t
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