液液萃取§11.4萃取设备.ppt
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1.Inliquid-liquidextraction,asingasabsorptionanddistillation,twophasesmustbebroughtintogoodcontacttopermittransferofmaterialandthenseparated.2.Inabsorptionandindistillation,themixingandseparationareeasyandrapid.Inextraction,however,thetwophaseshavecomparabledensities,sothattheenergyavailableformixingandseparation-ifgravityflowisusedissmall,muchsmallerthanwhenphaseisaliquidandtheotherisagas.,11.4ExtractionEquipment(P748),gasabsorption,3.Thetwophasesareoftenhardtomixandhardertoseparate.Theviscositiesofbothphasesalsoarerelativelyhigh,andlinearvelocitiesthroughmostextractionequipmentarelow.4.Insometypesofextractors,therefore,energyformixingandseparationissuppliedmechanically.,11-4ExtractionEquipment,机械能,这是吸收和蒸馏所不需要的。,5.Extractionequipmentmaybeoperatedbatchwiseorcontinuously.Aquantityoffeedliquidmaybemixedwithaquantityofsolventinanagitatedvessel,afterwhichthelayersaresettledandseparated.,11-4ExtractionEquipment,稀醋酸,溶剂,萃取相,无水醋酸,废水,萃余相,萃取及恒沸精馏提浓醋酸的原则流程,6.Theextractisthelayerofsolventplusextractedsolute,andtheraffinateisthelayerfromwhichsolutehasbeenremoved.7.Theextractmaybelighterorheavierthantheraffinate,andsotheextractmaybeshowncomingfromthetopoftheequipmentinsomecaseandfromthebottominothers.Theoperationmay,ofcourse,berepeatedifmorethanonecontactisrequired;butwhenthequantitiesinvolvedarelargeandseveralcontactsareneeded,continuousflowbecomeseconomical.,11-4ExtractionEquipment,8.Mostextractionequipmentiscontinuouswitheithersuccessivestagecontacts(级式接触)ordifferentialcontacts(微分接触).9.Representativetypes(具有代表性的设备)aremixer-settlers(混合静置器),verticaltowersofvariouskindsthatoperatebygravityflow,agitatedtowerextractors,andcentrifugalextractors.,11-4ExtractionEquipment,10.Thecharacteristicsofvarioustypesofextractionequipmentarelistedintable23.2.Liquid-Liquidextractioncanalsobecarriedoutusingporousmembranesasdescribedinchapter26.Thismethodhaspromisefordifficultseparation.,11-4ExtractionEquipment,双溶剂萃取,苛性苏打纯碱,医药和有机药品,扰动塔,挡板塔,孔板塔,- 配套讲稿:
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- 萃取 11.4 设备
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