2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习定语从句类.doc
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2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习定语从句类定语从句:先行词,关系词,从句。定语从句:也叫关系从句,修饰一个名词或代词,或是整个句子.被修饰的词叫先行词,引导从句的关系词.(关系代词和关系副词).定语从句通常在先行词之后分类:限制性定语从句,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用; 非限制性定从句,对先行词起补充说明的作用.一)关系词(关系代词或关系副词的选用原则)关系代词词行先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表Whom人宾That人&物主、宾、表Which物主、宾、表As物主、宾Whose=of whomof which人&物定语关系副词When=atinonduring which时间状Where=atinto which地点状Why=for which原因状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状二)选用注意要点:1只能用that情况:(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ,few.等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时,关系代词常用that,不用which。(4) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.(5) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中,关系代词用that.(7) 关系代词作表语时,关系代词用that.(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时,关系代词用that .(9) 当主句 “ there be “开头时,关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。(10) 当先行词是 “ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .2只能用which的情况非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。介词后只用which4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语。5)先行词是that时,关系代词要用which.。6)关系代词后面有插入语时,应用关系代词 which.三.of +关系代词:of whom表人,of which表物1)在介词提前的情况下,当先行词是物时, 介词后只能跟which, 当先行词是人时, 介词后面只能是whom, 此时关系供词不可能用that , who, 也可以省略.2)在含介词的动词短语中, 若介词与动词分开会导致意思的变化时,介词不能提前. This is the English dictionary which you re looking for. 3)当先行词是way 时,关系代词可能that , in which , 或者省略. This is the way that / in which he memorizes English words.四.关系副词: 1)当先行词时时间,并在从句作状语时,用关系副词when.(at, in , on ,during which) Ill always remember the day when I first used E-mail to send message to my friends abroad. 2)当先行词时地点, 并在从句中作状语时, 用where.(in ,at, to which) The factory where his mother works is in the east of the city 3)当先行词是原因, 并在从句中作状语时, 用关系副词why.(for which) We all know the reson why she is late for the work today.五限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语)指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的,定语从句可有可无。关系词可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略不可用that ,why。关系词一律不省。先行词名词或代词名词或代词,也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句定语从句练习1:1. Is there a bar around _I can have something to eat? A. that B. what C. which D. where2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Edison made a lot of inventions, _ of great importance. A. which I think are B. which I think they are C. which I think they D. I think which are4. Ill talk about a newly-opened market _ you may get all _ you need. A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. which; that5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about6. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It7. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where8. When lost in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. A. what B. so C. just like D. as9. A football fan (球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _ we said goodbye to each other. A. which B. when C. why D. where11. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office? A. 不填 B. in which C. that D. where13. His sister had bee a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be. A. who B. what C. that D. which14. With the development of agriculture, the people _village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. A. which B. that C. when D. where16. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what17. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a ing car. A. which B. who C. they D. that18. I, _ your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am19. Is this just the city _ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _. A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /20. Its one of the most interesting stories _ I have _ read A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady _ I thought was your aunt.A. who B. whom C. which D. whose22. I remember that _ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time. A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what23. This is the largest clock in the world, _ the minute hand is six metres long. A. that B. of which C. which D. whose24. China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here25. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. As C. That D. What 26. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. (04广西) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which27. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(04湖南)A. how B. which C. where D. that28. There was time I hated to go to school. (04湖北) Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe; when 29. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.(04湖北) Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 30. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.(04湖北) Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 31. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.(04辽宁) Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 32. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.(04上海) A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 33. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (04全国I) A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which34. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine. (04全国IV) A on whichB in whichC of whichD from which35. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. (04全国II) A whereB whichC whenD that36. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. (04北京春季)A. itB. that C. thisD. which37. - Why does she always ask you for help? - There is no one else _, is there? (05北京) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 38. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. (05山东) A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this39. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 40. Her sister has bee a lawyer, she wanted to be. (05湖北) AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich41. Franks dream was to have his own shop _to produce the workings of his own hands. (05湖南) A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 42. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 43. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (05江西) Ain thatBfor that Cin which Dfor which 44. I have many friends, some are businessmen. (05全国1) Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom 45. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (05上海) A. that B. which C. when D. where 46. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.(05浙江) AwhichBthat Cthis Dit 47. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (05浙江) AWhenBAfter CAs DSince 48. Mark was a student at this university from xx to xx, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. (05重庆)A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time 49. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. (05天津) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 50. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (05辽宁) AwhichBwhenCwhereDthat参考答案DAABD BBDCD ACDCD BDDBC ABBBB ACBDA ADCCA DBCAD BCDDD ACABC- 配套讲稿:
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