丰田GT86动力系统改装设计【含三维冬菇头进气电子图、防倾杆电子图、排气电子图、涡轮增压器电子图、说明书】
丰田GT86动力系统改装设计【含三维冬菇头进气电子图、防倾杆电子图、排气电子图、涡轮增压器电子图、说明书】,含三维冬菇头进气电子图、防倾杆电子图、排气电子图、涡轮增压器电子图、说明书,丰田,gt86,动力,系统,改装,设计,三维,冬菇,头进气,电子,防倾杆,排气,涡轮,增压,说明书,仿单
毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书 设计(论文)题目:丰田GT86动力系统改装设计 学生姓名:发任务书日期:2015年12月30日 任务书填写要求1毕业设计(论文)任务书由指导教师根据各课题的具体情况填写,经学生所在专业的负责人审查、系(院)领导签字后生效。此任务书应在毕业设计(论文)开始前一周内填好并发给学生。2任务书内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写,不得涂改或潦草书写;或者按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,要求正文小4号宋体,1.5倍行距,禁止打印在其它 上 。3任务书内填写的内容,必须 学生毕业设计(论文) 的情况 一 , ,应 经 所在专业 系(院) 领导审 后 可 填写。4任务书内 学院 、 专业 名 的填写,应写 文 ,不 写 字 。学生的 学号 要写 号,不 写后2或1 字。 5任务书内 要文 的填写,应按currency1“学院“毕业设计(论文)写fifl 的要求书写。 6 年月日 日期的填写,应 按标GB/T 740894 据 格式、 、日期 ” fi的要求,一用 字书写。 2002年4月2日 或 2002-04-02”。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书1毕业设计(论文)课题应的目的: 用所学的 论、专业 题,具 “学 的 力。 行 查 , 一 的 文 行 。具 的 论 的 力。 改装 , 动,在各改装 经 的 用并 题后,改装 广。 改装是 针 的原厂造型 机械 的改装, 要包括身改装 动力改装两 面。此次改装设计针 丰田GT86跑, 要为动力系统的改装以 配套部件的改装。经 前期计算 ,论 改装的可行 ,改装后造型优美,个 化操控的目的,并符 fi的要求。 2毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容 要求(包括原始 据、术要求、工作要求 ): 此次针 GT86的改装, 要为动力系统改装以 配套部件的改装。GT86 要 为:身尺寸为4240mm*1775mm*1285mm、 1247kg、 马力200Ps、 扭矩205N*m。首先计算改装可行 ,在此 上 行各项改装。 要内容 要求: 1、发动机改装:发动机增压套件加装,提升发动机动力。 2、发动机 排气系统改装:匹配增压系统,加 气 ,优化排气,提高排气声浪效果,提升动力系统。 3、ECU程序改写:修改发动机 排气程序,改 发动机功率 扭矩输出特 ,优化动力输出。 4、冷却系统改装:优化发动机冷却系统,改善由增压系统带 的温度的增加,提高动力系统转效率 寿命,提高 。 5、隔热系统改装:保护增压器件以 排气头段附近部件,隔绝增压器 排气 头段产生的高温,增加 。 6、防倾杆加装:增加身强度满足动力提升所带 的负荷。 7、 验:确保 改装后 ,符各项fi要求。 毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书3 毕业设计(论文)课题 果的要求包括图、 物 硬件要求:1、动力系统改装目标:提升马力至300Ps以上,提高 加速 力, 0-100km/h加速,0-400m加速,图”说明动力提升效果。 2、 改装前后效果。 3、出”改装 物图, 改装器件 原器件优劣,给予改装论依据。 4、严格要求改装 。 5、利用电子绘图软件,绘图说明改装器件行原, 改装原因。 6、改装 后给予辆各项 据 ,包括电子仪器 (马力、功率、扭矩 ) 人工驾驶感受评,并 原 。 4 要文: 1 李建华.面 轻 化的发动机排气系统构优化设计D.硕士论文,2012 2 卢鹏.浅谈 动力 改装J.农业装备 辆工程,2011(02) 3 明. 谈心 的 VIP 格改装J. 改装术,2010(09) 4 .电 机 气系统改装浅J. 用术,2014(04) 5 鹏. 机两 增压系统的匹配 D.硕士论文,2014 6 . 身改装 D.硕士论文,2012 7 . 热器的优化设计 热 的 J. 造业 动化,2011(14) 8 . 改装 术设计 D.硕士论文,2009 9 . 改装设计 D.硕士论文,2014 10 李 明.发动机 气系统设计 D.硕士论文,2012 11 保 .浅谈 排气 改装设计J.黑 “ ,2015(24) 12 .轻 化部件在 改装 的应用J. 部件,2010(07) 13 .currency1改装丰田86&“BRZJ. 动,2015(02) 14 fi. fl -ASPEC丰田86/“BRZ排气部件面 J. 动,2013(06) 15 建.排气热 隔热设计 构优化D.硕士论文,2014 毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书5毕业设计(论文)课题工作 度计:2015.12.05-2015.12.22 确题,填写审题;指导教师下发任务书,学生查 课题 文、”,写开题。 2015.12.23-2016.01.22 提开题、 文” 文、毕业设计(论文) ;开始毕业设计(论文)。 2016.01.23-2016.04.15 具体设计或 ,提毕业设计(论文)草 ,填写 期 查。 2016.04.16-2016.05.04 论文或设计说明书、图 ”,提毕业设计(论文) ,指导师审。 2016.05.05-2016.05.09 提毕业设计 文档,学生准备;评 教师评 学生毕业设计(论文)。 2016.05.10-2016.05.16 根据学院统一 排, 行毕业设计(论文)。 所在专业审查: 负责人: 2016 年 1 月 10 日毕 业 设 计(论 文)开 题 报 告 设计(论文)题目:丰田GT86动力系统改装设计 学生姓名: 2016 年 1 月 8 日 开题报告填写要求 1开题报告(含“文献综述”)作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效;2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3“文献综述”应按论文的框架成文,并直接书写(或打印)在本开题报告 一 目内,学生写文献综述的 文献应 15 ( );4 年月日 日期的填写,应 按 标GB/T 740894 据 交 格式 交 日期 时 的要求,一用 书写。currency1“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。5 开题报告(文献综述)“按 fi书写,fl 1.5。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 1毕业设计(论文)题 ,据所查的文献资料,”写 1000的文献综述: 改装 , 动,在改装 经的 用并 题之后,改装 。 工业的 及 动的 ”, 改装成为 生 的 成 ,并 成为一时 。 改装 对 的 的改装, 要 改装 动力改装 。 本次毕业设计 要研究动力系统的改装,动力系统的改装涉及到很多 ,现实 很多经 成熟的改装 。2011年卢鹏在其著作1 详细介绍对 动力 的改装 ,currency1增 动压缩 增加动充气效率 增加动排量 采用高 点火 。 改变 动力 的 式 很多,但要获得佳的效果并 单独改装其 的一 项, 改装讲究 谐 平衡,这 一个很浩 的工程,除基本的 件外,还 很多其他配套的 件需要改装,currency1增压系统 进排气系统 冷却系统 隔热系统 ECU电脑控制系统 。 进气系统 动力系统的一个重要 成 ,进气系统的改装可 提高 的动力 。进气系统改装的 理在 改变动的充气效率,充气效率越 动的动力 越好。2014年秦启超在其著作2 指出提高动充气效率的措施 :减进气阻力 减高温零件在进气程 对气的加热 效利用进气惯 效应 进气脉动效应。具的改装 :改装空气滤清器 进气道 节气门 进气歧管 进气风箱 3。动在做功fl程后会排出燃烧的废气,排气效率的高低影响到动效率的高低。2015年施保连在其著作4 指出常的做 在排气管的尾段,加 尾 排气管的尺寸 直径,改变消声器的构形式,增加排气气流的流 积,使排气更加畅。具改装 :改装排气歧管 三 催化器 尾喉 。 动增压技术可 提高动的升功率 平 效压力,可 效 提高动动力 ,改 加 燃 消 率, 及提高动的 响应5。目前 上 要的增压形式 废气 增压 增压 及 增压 。增压 利用动本 的动力进fl增压。增压器会消 动的动力,它的 动 改变, 会出现增压 后的 ,动低 时效果 好,但动在高 下它会增压 。 增压 利用动 生的废气 动排气管 的 动进气管 的 动,进fl 接增压, 消 动的动力。 增压器 高,所增压力增压器高 。但由 惯 , 的阻力 此会 生 6。 动冷却系统 隔热系统 要用 增加动的 fl 及 ,在动动力提升 时,动 增加,需要配套的冷却系统 隔热系统保 。 隔热系统用 隔 高温,保 动 的零件。 动排温 压力的提高,对隔热系统的可 之提出更高要求7。 热器 冷却系统 可 的一个 成 ,其 好对动的动力 经 可 很 的影响8。 改装 一个很currency1的工程,改装的前提 及 ,“ 在 这 个前提之下, fi对 fl 的改装9。 改装还涉及到很多 , 动力系统,用理论实的 进fl此次 动力系统的改装,保其 的 时,到改装的目标。 文献: 1 卢鹏. 动力 改装J.业装”工程,2011(02) 2 秦启超.电 进气系统改装 J. 实用技术,2014(04) 3 .动进气系统设计研究实D. 论文,2012 4 施保连. 排气管改装设计J.黑技 ,2015(24) 5 鹏. 增压系统的配 研究D. 论文,2014 6 . 改装丰田86& BRZJ. 动,2015(02) 7 .排气热 隔热 设计 构 化D. 论文,2014 8 . 热器的 化设计及 热 的研究J.制业动化,2011(14) 9 . 外 改装 术设计研究D. 论文,2009 10 . 改装 研究D. 论文,2012 11 . 量化的动排气系统构 化设计D. 论文,2012 12 .量化 件在 改装 的应用J. 零 件,2010(07) 13 . 理 的 VIP风格改装J. 响改装技术,2010(09) 14 . -ASPEC丰田86/ BRZ排气 件 J. 动,2013(06) 15 . 外形改装设计研究D. 论文,2014 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 2本题要研究或 的 题 采用的研究 段(径): 本题要研究或 的 题: 本题 动力系统改装的设计。题目标 提升 动力 ,要 的 题 :1.提升 动力,到300ps 上, 动力 的 点。2.改装的 时保 。3.在保题目标的前提下 佳改装 。4.给 充的论 保 的佳。5.保改装 谐 平衡 ,改 目前出现的改装单一 平衡现。 采用的研究 段(径): 1. 研究动动力系统改装 。2.设计出 的改装 ,并到提升动力系统的改装目标。3.利用 件 理。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见:1对“文献综述”的评语:宴杨 学对 改装的 历史进fl简单综述,接 对 动力系统的改装的 注意事项 进fl综阐述,并列举 的研究实例。后总理进fl 改装的重要 。文献综述写作符要求。 2对本题的 度 度及工作量的意见 对设计(论文)果的预 :毕业设计 题符所学专业 专业要求,设计内容符社会经 实际,设计计划切实可fl。本题 度 度适 ,工作量饱,预计设计果 fi完成。 意开题。 3. 否 意开题: 意 意 指导教师: 2016 年 02 月 15 日所在专业审查意见: 意 责”: 2016 年 04 月 07 日毕 业 设 计(论 文)外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目:Development of Used Car Market in China 中国二手车市场的发展 学生姓名:专业: 所在学院: 指导教师: 职称: Development of Used Car Market in ChinaABSTRACT Although still in its early development phase, rapid growth of auto ownership has also injected new vitality for used car market in China. Under the support of series policy, the used car market reveals leaping development character with qualified changes. It is essential to understand the new changes in the used car market. This paper conducted research on the new features of used car market in China to promote its development. Environment analysis showed that used car market will be strongly enhanced by the blooming of auto market, rapid GDP growth and policy support, which experienced steady trade scale increase and structure optimization. The used car trade experienced steady trade scale increase and structure optimization. Along with the purchasing pattern changing, significant expansion of the second- hand car market is imminent, even with hinder issues such as lack of integrity, evaluation criteria and after-service system, and incomplete policy and regulation. Several new features were identified, strong policy support, enlarging market scale and irradiation loop, remarkable concentration increase, increased status of brand used car, and enhanced trading service platform establishment. It is indicated that Chinas used car market is making the shift from subordinate position to one of the dominant positions in auto industry, which is expected into a high speed, up-going development passage in the future. Keywords: Used Car Market; Development; New Features; China 1.Introduction With the rapid social and economical development, China has become one of the most important markets in the world for the automotive industry. In recent years, the scale of Chinas automotive after-sales service market continues to increase. Analyzing from the policy, market, development potential and other aspects, the Annual Report on Automotive Industry in China (2010) found that, in the “Twelfth Five-Year” period, Chinas automotive after-sales service market will maintain an annual growth rate of about 8 percent by a conservative estimate, and reach up to about RMB252.3 billion Yuan in 2015 . Contemporarily, the rapid growth of auto ownership has also injected new vitality for second-hand car market. The trading volume of the used car market rose from 370 thousand to 4.33 million from 2001 to 2011, with an annual increase beyond 30%. The average trading ration between used car and new car is 0.24, which indicates the growing proportion of used car in auto industry. In recent years, such operating models as used car brokers, used car auction and used car replacement have emerged in the market successively. The alteration of trading models provides new engines for the development of the used car market in China. It is estimated that the trade volume ratio between used and new car would reach 1:1 in the next ten years. However, Chinas used car trade market is still in low proportion in the auto industry, even with its rapid growth. According to the experience of western advanced countries, taking USA as an example, the benefits from used car sector accounts for 45% of the whole auto industry, and the average profit from one used car is around 20% . Under the support of series policy, the used car market reveals leaping development character with qualified changes. From 2000, Chinas used car market experience high growth, and gradually became the major part of the auto industry. The used car market already made the shift from the subordinate position to one of the dominant positions in the auto industry. It is vital to understand the new changes in the used car market. Thus this paper conducted research on the new environment of the used car market, probed into its new features, thus to further promote the development of the used car market in China.2.Environment Analysis 2.1. Auto Market Status Analysis Due to the rapid development in auto industry, Chinas auto market is becoming the most important area for auto trade and manufacture. Fast expands was observed in Chinas auto industry. From 2002 to 2011, auto trade volume rose from 3.25 million to 18.51 billion, increasing almost 6 times, with 23.5% annual increment. Consequently, the car volume per thousand people grew steadily in China, from 3.7 to 46.8 in 2001 to 2011, increased 12.7 times. According to the auto market development, Chinas auto market is in the massive popularization stage. In the stage, car volume will keep fast increase until the car volume per thousand people exceeds 250. Usually, it will last 10 years. Due to the regional difference in income, population, economy, this stage may last longer in China. Experts from State Information Center estimated that this stage may last until 2013, with 12% - 14% increment annually. Therefore, the ever growing car volume due to the popularization stage of auto market, will provide more room and solid foundation for used car market development in China. Therefore, the ever growing car volume due to the popularization stage of auto market, will provide more room and solid foundation for used car market development in China. 2.2. Economy Environment Analysis Development of Auto market is positively related to economy development and peoples income. As the biggest population in the world, the market potential is enormous. Recently, China economy keeps steady and fast increase. Real GDP Per Capital increased from 1041$ in 2001 to 5432$ in 2011, with 17.4% annual increment.As residents income level is the key factor for auto population, the fast growth in income will transfer into higher demand increase in China auto market, which will enhance the development of used car market in China. In a relatively long period, the auto and used car demand will keep a vigorous stage. The State Development Center and Auto Engineering Association estimated that the total vehicle demand in 2030 will be 32.43 million, with 8.8% annual increment, and the car volume per thousand people will exceed 100. This increase will stand for a relative long period. 2.3. Policy Analysis Apart from consumer demand, several government policies and regulations have boosted the used-car market. The Administrative Measures on Used Cars, released in 2005, are the primary regulation governing the used-car market. The measures introduced a competition mechanism that allows OEM-authorized auto dealerships to run used-car businesses. The measures also regulate different partiesincluding trading markets, agents and operatorsand strengthen the ad- ministration of organizations that appraise the value of used cars. The Notice on Upgrading the Used-Car Trade Market was announced by the ministries of Commerce and Finance in July 2009. The circular aimed to improve the used-car industry. Initially, the PRC government selected 10 provinces and municipalitiesBeijing, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Zhejiangto receive s- cal funding to conduct pilot programs that focused on the management and information on used-car transactions to improve transparency. The Auto Industry Revitalization Plan, released in 2009 by the State Council, calls for the establishment of a national appraisal and evaluation standards system and a temporary ownership registration system. The plan also calls for adjusting the value-added tax rate on used car transactions and encourages dealer-ships to participate in vehicle replacement programs. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan encouraged consumer to purchase energy saving and environment vehicle. Series vehicle subsidy and tax reduction on low emission and new energy vehicle were implemented, which have direct influence on the future used car market. There would be increase in low emission and new energy used car in the future . 3.Current Status of Used Car Market 3.1. Trade Scale Kept Steady Growth Used car market increased dramatically in China from 2001. The trade volume rose from 0.37 million to 4.79 million in 2012, increased by 13 times. The average increment from 2001 to 2012 was 29.9% . The The ratio for used car and new car increased from 0.16 to 0.23, averagely 0.24 from 2001 to 2011, nationwide. In some advanced area, like Beijing, the ratio already reached 1:1 in 2011. Along with the expansion of new car market, used car market was enhanced, conesquently. It is estimated that the trade of used car and new car will come to 1:1 in 10 to 15 years in China. Consequently, the transaction money for used car trade increased steadily, which rose from 13.2 Billion Yuan in 2001 to 263.6 Billion Yuan in 2012. The annual increment was 33.7% . The proportion of used car market in auto industry increased steadily, with the average proportion of 5.5% from 2004 to 2010 . The growing used car market is becoming the most important part of auto industry, which provide the foundation for leaping development. 3.2. Used Car Trade Kept Optimized After years of rapid development, the trade structure is optimizing. Along with the trade volume increase, saloon car gradually took major proportion in used car trade. After 2008, saloon car account for more than 50% of used car market share. In the used car market, domestic brand car had the absolute dominant position, which accounts more than 95%. On the car age, even with decrease, used car in 3 - 10 years still took the leading position, which still had 75% share in 2011. Trade of used car below 3-year increased over the last few year, with 18.74% share in 2011. Obvious regional difference was observed in Chinas used car market. According to the statistics from China Automobile Dealers Association, used car trade concentrated in the developed area. The first fifth regions account for 55.14% for used car trade in China, while the first tenth regions account for 77.02%. However, slight decrease was observed in those developed regions. This was probably due to the high level of used car trade in previous years already reduced the market demand. For the less developed area, rapid development was observed. Even with low market share, auto market was driven by the fast economy growth. The huge market potential was released, thus the used car trade increased very fast. Besides that, used car trade was mainly in local area. In 2010, local registered used car account for 88.27% of the total volume. This was due to the complex ownership transfer and registration procedure for cross regional transaction, and high cost. This had significant effect on rational circulation of used car. 3.3. Purchasing Pattern Changed As a matter of fact, growth in the second-hand car market surpassed the sales growth of new cars. Used car grew by near 20% in volume terms in 2011, reaching over 4.3 million. Indeed, as this trend intensifies, the used car segment will outstrip the new car segment in absolute terms as well. More specifically, given the current trend, almost 19 million used cars are expected to change hands in 2017. That translates into an impressive compounded annual growth rate of over 30%. One important reason for this change is the purchasing pattern of Chinese consumers. On average, 60% of Chinese car owners replace their cars every three years much more frequent than other national car markets. This disposition is more apparent in the high-end segment. Here, automobile turnover is particularly strong due to fast-changing demands from wealthy individuals and a purchase pattern that closely correlates with their businesses profitability. Cars that have barely been used enter the second-hand auto market, attracting new buyers in the process. Moreover, consumer attitudes are changing. From being viewed as mere status symbols, cars are now increasingly being bought for reasons of functionality and transportation. Additionally, as most people currently buy cars for their first time, they will not be as willing to spend a fortune on a new car. Especially as government policies are now helping car penetration deepen and spread to rural areas and lower-tier cities in China, where an estimated 700 million people live and purchasing power is much weaker. So, second-hand cars are becoming viable and desirable options for an increasing number of Chinese. With the increased supply of used cars to the auto market and the Chinese becoming more comfortable with the idea of second-hand car purchases, this segment is set to grow substantially in the coming years. Although there are some concerns, such as absence of trust between buyer and seller, as the market becomes more established and formalized through authorized dealerships, this problem will likely diminish in the future. And despite governmental policies that largely block second-hand cars from first-tier city markets, they are more attractive options for Chinese living in other areas, especially in poorer, rural areas and lower-tier cities. So, significant expansion of the second-hand car market is imminent and this creates many opportunities for used car trade and related companies. 4.New Features of Used Car Market 4.1. Issues of Used Car Market As one of the important parts of auto market, used car market kept 20% - 30% increase annually. However, the used car market is still in the preliminary stage, com- pared to the advanced market in western countries. Several dominant issues were as follows. First, lack of integrity in used car market. The lack of trust between buyer and seller currently remains a huge problem impeding the used car market in China. Chinese consumers, have few resources to help them understand the value of older vehicles. Used car broker often makes traps for consumer for high profit. There are quality, price and legal risk for consumers. And few mechanics are experienced enough to value cars independently. Due to the lack of trust, many potential used car demands cannot transfer into real market demand. Some foreign automakers are hoping to address this problem by setting up programs to sell certified pre-owned cars with war-rantee protection. As the used car market continues to evolve, this issue would be solved. Second, lack of used car evaluation criteria. Currently, there was no systematic used car value assessment criteria and residual value releasing system. On the national side, no rule proclaimed for used car evaluation and value assessment. In practical used car trade, car evaluation is mostly subjective evaluation, only few companies have specialized equipment. Thus the evaluation result depends on the experience and responsibility of estimator, which weaken the fairness and rationality. When residual value assessment, simple average life span depreciation were used, without rational basis and reference, which reduce the fairness of value measurement. Third, lack of after-sell service systems. The used car market only had the function for industry and commercial bureau verification, and registration, did not have essential service function, facility and service method. One package service has been provided in new car market, but not in used car market. This is far more behind advanced countries. Due to the lack of proper service system, the confidence of consumer was affected, and the expansion of used car market was restricted.Fourth, incomplete policies and regulations for used car market. Access restriction is quite low in China, which result in low technical ability, poor management and irregular transaction, and weaken consumers confidence. The tax difference for different trade bodies for broker (0%), company (2%), auction (4%), and trade market (0%), result in chaos and unfairness in used car market . There is no systematic used car evaluation and assessment criteria. The irrational and subject evaluation and assessment result from different personnel reduced the real indication on car real value, which restrict the market development. A rational evaluation system should be established nation-wide. 5.Conclusions Environment analysis showed that used car market will be strongly enhanced by the blooming of auto market, rapid GDP growth and policy support. The used car trade experienced a steady trade scale increase and structure optimization. Along with the purchasing pattern changing, significant expansion of the second-hand car market is imminent, even with hinder issues such as lack of integrity, evaluation criteria and after-service system, and incomplete policy and regulation. The new features of Chinas used car market were identified. First, strong policy support will promote its upper development. Second, both market scale and market irradiation loop will enlarge. Third, there will be remarkable concentration increase in used car trade. Four, brand used car will gradually take an important role. Finally, trading service platform establishment will be the main content of the used car market. The market feature indicated that a major turning point was taking place, which showed that Chinas used car market is making the shift from the subordinate position to one of the dominant positions in the auto industry. Chinas used car market is expected into a high speed, up-going development passage. 中国二手车市场的发展摘要中国二手车市场虽然仍然处在早期的发展阶段,但是汽车的保有量的迅速增长也给中国二手车市场增加了新的活力。在一系列政策的支持下,二手车市场具有跳跃式发展的特征。所以了解二手车市场的新变化是很重要的。本文对中国的二手车市场的新特点进行了研究以促进我国二手车市场的发展。市场环境分析表明,汽车市场的开放,国民生产总值的快速增长和相关政策支持,都有利于二手车贸易的规模增长与结构优化。随着采购模式的改变,二手车市场的扩张迫在眉睫,但还存在着许多阻碍发展的问题,如缺乏完整性,缺乏评价标准和完整的售后服务体系,以及政策和监管的不完善。二手车的几个新特点注定了他有高的关注度并会获得强大的政策支持,这使得二手车行业扩大了市场规模,显著提高了集中度,加快了交易服务平台的建立。这说明我国二手车市场正从“下属”向汽车产业的主导地位转变,这是一个未来高速发展的通道。关键词:二手车市场;发展;新特点;中国1、介绍随着我国经济的飞速发展,中国已经成为世界上最重要的汽车消费市场之一。近年来,我国汽车的售后服务市场持续增加。从政策、市场、发展潜力等方面来看,我国汽车产业2010年度报告发现,在“十二五”期间,我国汽车售后服务市场保守估计将保持每年百分之8左右的速度增长,在2015年将达到约人民币252.3亿元。同时,汽车保有量的快速增长也为二手车市场注入了新的活力。从2001到2011年,二手车市场交易量从37万上升到433万,年增长超过30%。二手车与新车的平均交易数量比例是0.24,这说明二手汽车在汽车产业中的比例越来越大。近年来,二手车经纪人,二手车拍卖和二手车置换已经出现在市场上并且发展的很成功。交易模式的改变为中国二手车市场的发展提供了新的动力。据估计,在未来十年内新车和二手车之间的贸易额比将达到1:1。然而,中国二手车交易市场在其快速增长的同时在汽车产业中的比例仍然很低,。根据西方发达国家的经验,以美国为例,二手汽车行业的利润占整个汽车行业的45%,一辆二手车的平均利润是20%左右。在一系列政策的支持下,二手车市场呈现出跳跃式的发展特征,而且具有合理的变化。从2000年起,我国二手车市场经历了高速增长,并逐渐成为第汽车工业的主要部分。二手车市场已经从从属地位转向汽车产业的主导地位。了解二手车市场的新的变化是至关重要的。因此,本文对二手车市场的新环境进行了研究,探讨了其新的特点,从而进一步促进了二手车市场的发展市场在中国。2、环境分析2.1汽车市场现状分析由于汽车工业的迅速发展,我国汽车市场正逐渐成为汽车贸易和制造业的重要领域。中国的汽车工业一直在快速扩张。从2002年到2011年,汽车贸易量从325万上升到18.51亿,增加了近6倍,年均增长23.5%。因此,从2001年到2011年,中国每一千人的拥有的汽车数量正在稳步增长,从3.7到46.8,增加了12.7倍。根据汽车市场的发展,中国的汽车市场正在大规模普及阶段。在舞台上,汽车的数量将保持快速增长,直到汽车数量每千人超过250。通常,它会持续10年。由于该区在人口、经济收入、教育等方面的差异,这个阶段在中国可能会持续更长的时间。国家信息中心估计,这个阶段可能会保持12% - 14%的增量持续到2013年。因此,汽车市场推广阶段的汽车数量日益增长,将为我国二手车市场的发展提供更多的空间和坚实的基础。2.2经济环境分析汽车市场的发展与经济发展和人民收入呈正相关。作为世界上人口最多的国家,我国汽车市场潜力巨大。近年来,中国经济保持稳定快速的增长。每增加一个资本的实际国内生产总值从2001年的1041美元增加到2011年的5432美元,平均每年增加17.4%。随着居民收入水平的提高,我国汽车市场得到快速增长,收入的快速增长,促进我国汽车市场的快速发展,这将促进我国二手汽车市场的快速发展。在一个相对较长的时期内,汽车和二手车的需求将保持旺盛的阶段。国家发展中心和汽车工程协会估计,在2030年的对于汽车的需求量将为3243万辆,达到8.8%的年增长率,每千人的汽车拥有量将超过100。这一增长将会持续一个相对较长的时期。2.3政策分析除了消费需求,一些政府的政策和法规推动了二手车市场。2005年颁发的二手汽车汽车的行政措施,是对二手车市场的主要调节措施。该措施引入了一个竞争机制,允许授权的经销商经营二手车业务。这个方案能够同时调节不同的当事人包括交易市场,代理商和运营商来加强组织管理和二手车价值的评估。2009年7月,商务部和财政部宣布了对二手车交易市场进行升级的通知。目的在提高汽车行业的循环利用。最初,中国政府选择10个省和直辖市包括北京,湖北,江苏,江西,辽宁,山东,上海,深圳,天津和浙江来接受财政资金进行试点,用于对二手车交易和信息的管理,提高透明度。2009年国务院发布了汽车产业振兴规划,要求建立一个国家评估标准体系,并建立一个临时的所有权登记制度系统。该计划还要求调整二手车交易增值税税率,鼓励经销商参与车辆更换计划。第十二个五年计划鼓励消费者购买节能环保车。计划中实施了一系列汽车补贴和低排放的新能源汽车减税措施,这对未来二手车市场有直接影响。低排放和新能源汽车在未来将会有增加。3、二手车市场现状3.1贸易规模保持稳定增长中国二手车市场从2001大幅增长。交易量从37万上升到2012年的479万,增加了13倍。从2001到2012的平均增长率为29.9%。从2001年到2011年间全国二手车与新车的比例从0.16增加到0.23,平均为0.24。在一些发达地区,如北京,2011年已经达到1:1的比例。随着新的汽车市场的扩大,二手车市场明显增强。据估计,中国二手车与新车交易比会在10到15年之内增加到1:1。因此,二手车交易的交易资金稳步上升,在2001年到2012年间,交易额从132亿元上涨至2636亿元。年增长率为33.7%。二手车市场在汽车市场中的比例稳步增长,从2004年到
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