2124 LH180MQ左箱体工序卡及铣镗结合面夹具设计
2124 LH180MQ左箱体工序卡及铣镗结合面夹具设计,lh180mq,箱体,工序,结合,夹具,设计
南京理工大学泰州科技学院学生毕业设计(论文)中期检查表学生姓名 孙江锋 学 号 0601510146 指导教师 梁红军课题名称 制订 LH180MQ 左箱体工序卡及铣镗结合面夹具设计难易程度 偏难 适中 偏易选题情况工作量 较大 合理 较小任务书 有 无开题报告 有 无符合规范化 的要求外文翻译质量 优 良 中 差学习态度、出勤情况 好 一般 差工作进度 快 按计划进行 慢中期工作汇报及解答问题情况优 良 中 差中期成绩评定:良所在专业意见:能按毕业设计进程完成设计要求,认真对待毕业设计,做到不懂就问,有一定的刻苦钻研精神,紧扣课题完成了开题报告,较好地进行了外文翻译,为下面的课题开展作好准备。负责人: 年 月 日南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)前期工作材料学 生 姓 名 : 孙江锋 学 号: 0601510146学院(系) : 机械工程学院专 业 : 机械工程及自动化设计 (论 文 )题 目 : LH180MQ 左箱体工序卡及铣镗结合面夹具设计指 导 教 师 : 梁红军 高级工程师(姓 名) (专业技术职务)材 料 目 录序号 名 称 数量 备 注1 毕业设计(论文)选题、审题表 12 毕业设计(论文)任务书 13 毕业设计(论文)开题报告含文献综述 14 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译含原文 15 毕业设计(论文)中期检查表 12010 年 6 月 南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院 (系): 南京理工大学泰州科技学院 专 业: 机械工程及自动化 姓 名: 孙江锋 学 号: 0601510146 外文出处: On the Development Trend of Numerical Control Technology 附 件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。 指导教师评语:此翻译文章结合国内外情况,分析了数控技术的发展趋势。翻译用词比较准确,文笔也较为通顺,为在以后工作中接触英文资料打下了基础。签名: 年 月 日注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。附件 1:外文资料翻译译文论数控技术的发展趋势摘要 随着计算机业的快速发展,数控技术也发生了根本性的变革,是近年来应用领域中发展十分迅速的一项综合性的高新技术,文章结合国内外情况,分析了数控技术的发展趋势。关键词 数控技术 趋势 智能 数控技术是一门集计算机技术、自动化控制技术、测量技术、现代机械制造技术、微电子技术、信息处理技术等多学科交叉的综合技术,是近年来应用领域中发展十分迅速的一项综合性的高新技术。它是为适应高精度、高速度、复杂零件的加工而出现的,是实现自动化、数字化、柔性化、信息化、集成化、网络化的基础,是现代机床装备的灵魂和核心,有着广泛的应用领域和广阔的应用前景。1 数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策 装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度,数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业(如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业)的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别,不在于生产什么,而在于怎样生产,用什么劳动资料生产” 。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料,而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术,以提高制造能力和水平,提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资,不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业,而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之,大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,即所谓的数字化装备,其技术范围覆盖很多领域:(1)机械制造技术;(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术;(3)自动控制技术;(4)伺服驱动技术;(5)传感器技术;(6)软件技术等。2 国内外数控系统的发展概况 随着计算机技术的高速发展,传统的制造业开始了根本性变革,各工业发达国家投入巨资,对现代制造技术进行研究开发,提出了全新的制造模式。在现代制造系统中,数控技术是关键技术,它集微电子、计算机、信息处理、自动检测、自动控制等高新技术于一体,具有高精度、高效率、柔性自动化等特点,对制造业实现柔性自动化、集成化、智能化起着举足轻重的作用。目前,数控技术正在发生根本性变革,由专用型封闭式开环控制模式向通用型开放式实时动态全闭环控制模式发展。在集成化基础上,数控系统实现了超薄型、超小型化;在智能化基础上,综合了计算机、多媒体、模糊控制、神经网络等多学科技术,数控系统实现了高速、高精、高效控制,加工过程中可以自动修正、调节与补偿各项参数,实现了在线诊断和智能化故障处理。 长期以来,我国的数控系统为传统的封闭式体系结构,CNC 只能作为非智能的机床运动控制器。加工过程变量根据经验以固定参数形式事先设定,加工程序在实际加工前用手工方式或通过 CAD/CAM 及自动编程系统进行编制。CAD/CAM 和 CNC之间没有反馈控制环节,整个制造过程中 CNC 只是一个封闭式的开环执行机构。在复杂环境以及多变条件下,加工过程中的刀具组合、工件材料、主轴转速、进给速率、刀具轨迹、切削深度、步长、加工余量等加工参数,无法在现场环境下根据外部干扰和随机因素实时动态调整,更无法通过反馈控制环节随机修正CAD/CAM 中的设定量,因而影响 CNC 的工作效率和产品加工质量。由此可见,传统CNC 系统的这种固定程序控制模式和封闭式体系结构,限制了 CNC 向多变量智能化控制发展,己不适应日益复杂的制造过程,因此,大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为我们国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。3 数控技术的发展趋势 数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,使制造业成为工业化的象征,而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大,他对国计民生的一些重要行业的发展起着越来越重要的作用。从目前世界上数控技术发展的趋势来看,主要有如下几个方面: 3.1 高精度、高速度的发展趋势 尽管十多年前就出现高精度高速度的趋势,但是科学技术的发展是没有止境的,高精度、高速度的内涵也在不断变化,目前正在向着精度和速度的极限发展。效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率,提高产品的质量和档次,缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一,国际生产工程学会将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域,年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆,而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一;在航空和宇航工业领域,其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋,刚度很差,材料为铝或铝合金,只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下,才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料掏空的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装,使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。3.2 轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展 采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工,可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削,不仅光洁度高,而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为,1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床,特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时,5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因,其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍,加之编程技术难度较大,制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现,使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化,其制造难度和成本大幅度降低,数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床(含5面加工机床)的发展。 3.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势 21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统,智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面:为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化,如加工过程的自适应控制,工艺参数自动生成;为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化,如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负自动选定模型、自整定等;简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化,如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等;还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。 目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究,数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上,面向机床厂家和最终用户,通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象(数控功能) ,形成系列化,并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中,快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统,形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求,也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机,反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。4 结束语 随着人们对数控技术重视,它的发展越发迅速。文中简要陈述当前的发展趋势,另外数控技术的正不断走向集成化,并行化,仍有广阔的发展空间。 参考文献 1 王立新. 浅谈数控技术的发展趋势J. 赤峰学院学报,2007. 2 董淳. 数控系统技术发展的新趋势J. 可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2006. 3 张亚力. 简述数控发展的新趋势J. 国土资源高等职业教育研究,2005. 4 陈芳. 数控技术的发展和途径J. 科技资讯,2008. 附件 2:外文原文On the Development Trend of Numerical Control TechnologyAbstract: With the rapid development of the computer industry, this technology has also undergone a fundamental change is the application areas in recent years developed very rapidly in a comprehensive high-tech, the article at home and abroad, analyzes the development of numerical control technology trend. Keywords: CNC Technology Trends Smart CNC technology is a set of computer technology, automation and control technology, measurement technology, modern machinery manufacturing technology, microelectronics, information processing technology, an integrated multi-disciplinary cross-technology, application areas in recent years developed very rapidly in a comprehensive high-tech. It is to meet the high-precision, high speed, complex parts processing and there is automatic, digital, flexible, information-oriented, integrated, network-based foundation, the soul of modern machine tools and equipment and the core, has a wide range of application fields and broad application prospects. 1, numerical control technology and equipment development trends and countermeasures The equipment industrys technical level and degree of modernization of the entire national economy determines the level and degree of modernization, numerical control technology and equipment is the development of new high-tech industry and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and its industry, biotechnology and its industry, aviation, aerospace, etc. defense industry industries) enabling technology and basic equipment. Marx once said, the difference between the various economic era, is not what is produced, but rather how to produce, what the production of labor. Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic of human means of production activities, while the numerical control technology is todays most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the core technology. Widely adopted by nations in the world manufacturing numerical control technology to improve manufacturing capacity and level, to improve the dynamic changing market adaptability and competitiveness. In addition, all industrial countries in the world and CNC numerical control technology and equipment will also be listed as a national strategic goods, not only to take significant steps to develop its own CNC technology and its industry, but also in the sophisticated numerical key technologies and equipment to China imposition of closures and restrictions. In short, the vigorous development of numerical control technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the worlds developed countries to accelerate economic development, enhance overall national strength and an important way to statehood. CNC technology is to use digital information on the mechanical movement and the work process control technology, CNC numerical control technology and equipment is represented by new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing electromechanical integrated product, so-called digital equipment , and its technology, covering many areas: (1) Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. Second, the development of numerical control system at home and abroad overviewWith the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional manufacturing industries began a fundamental change, the industrialized countries invested heavily in modern manufacturing technology research and development and put forward a new manufacturing model. In modern manufacturing systems, numerical control technology is the key technology, which combines micro-electronics, computer, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control and other high-tech in one, with high precision, high efficiency, flexibility and automation features to achieve flexible manufacturing automation, integrated, intelligent play a decisive role. At present, the numerical control technology is undergoing a fundamental transformation, from special-purpose closed-open-loop control mode to the general-purpose real-time dynamic open-loop control mode. In an integrated basis, numerical control system to realize ultra-thin, ultra-small; in based on intelligent, integrated computers, multimedia, fuzzy control, neural networks, multi-disciplinary technical, numerical control system to realize high-speed, high-precision, efficient control of during processing can automatically correct, regulation and compensation of various parameters to achieve an online intelligent fault diagnosis and treatment.For a long time, Chinas numerical control system for the traditional closed architecture, CNC machine tool only as a non-intelligent motion controller. Machining process variables based on experience in advance the form of a fixed parameter setting, the actual processing of pre-processing by hand or through a CAD / CAM and automated programming systems to prepare. CAD / CAM and CNC is no feedback between the control link, the entire manufacturing process, CNC is a closed-door open-loop enforcement agency. In a complex environment and the changeable conditions, the combination of processing tool, workpiece material, spindle speed, feed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step length, machining allowance, and other processing parameters can not be in the field environment, under the external disturbances and random factors, real-time dynamic adjustment of feedback control can not be more random links to amend CAD / CAM in the set amount, thus affecting the working efficiency and product CNC machining quality. Thus, the traditional CNC system, such a fixed process control mode and closed architecture, limited to the multi-variable intelligent control of CNC development, has not suited to the increasingly complex manufacturing process, therefore, to develop numerical control technology as the core of the advanced manufacturing technology has become our country to accelerate economic development, enhance overall national strength and an important way to statehood.Third, the development trend of numerical control technology The application of CNC technology to traditional manufacturing industry is not only a revolutionary change in the manufacturing industry to become a symbol of industrialization, and with the numerical control technology, continuous development and expansion of application fields, his peoples livelihood some of the important development of the industry plays a an increasingly important role. NC from the current world trend of technological development, mainly the following aspects: 1. High-precision, high-speed development trend Although more than 10 years ago, the trend appeared in high-precision high-speed, but the scientific and technological development is not enough, high-precision, high-speed is also changing the connotation of being towards the development of accuracy and speed limits. Efficiency, quality is the main body of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-finishing technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grades, and shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. To this end, Japan will study advanced technologies listed it as one of five major modern manufacturing technology, the International Institute of Production Engineering be identified as the 21st century, one of the central research directions. In the car industry, the production of an annual output of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle, and most varieties of processing is a car equipped with one of the key issues that must be addressed; in aviation and aerospace industry, its processing parts are mostly thin-walled and thin bars, stiffness is poor, aluminum or aluminum alloy material, and only at high cutting speed and cutting force in the case of a small can of these ribs, the wall processing. Recently, large single piece aluminum alloy billets, hollowed out approach to create the wings, fuselage and other large parts to replace multiple components through a large number of rivets, screws and other connecting means assembly, so that components of the strength, stiffness and reliability. These are made of processing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility requirements. 2.-Axis simultaneous machining, and rapid development of complex machine tools 5-axis machining of three-dimensional curved surface parts can be used the best tool for cutting geometry, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. Is generally believed that, 1 5-axis machine tools can equal the efficiency of 2 sets of 3-axis machine tools, particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling cutter hardened steel components, 5-axis simultaneous machining comparable three-axis process giving a higher efficiency. But in the past due to 5-axis numerical control system, host complex structure and other reasons, its price than the 3-axis CNC machine tools are several times higher, plus the programming more difficult, limiting the development of five-axis machine tools. Present, due to the emergence of spindle, allowing to achieve 5-axis simultaneous machining of composite spindle head structure greatly simplified and its manufacturing difficulties and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the price of CNC system. Therefore, the promotion of the composite spindle head type five-axis machine tools and complex machining machine tools (including the 5-sided machining, machine tools) development. 3. Intelligent, open, network-based development of contemporary numerical control system the main trends CNC equipment in the 21st century will be a certain intelligent systems, intelligent content included in the numerical control system in all areas: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of the intelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; To improve drive performance and the use of intelligent and convenient connections, such as feedforward control, the electrical parameters of the adaptive computing, automatic identification of negative auto-selection model, self-tuning, etc.; to simplify programming and streamline operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart Auto-oriented programming, intelligent man-machine interface, etc.; there are intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate the system diagnosis and maintenance. To address the traditional closed and CNC numerical control system application software industrial production problems. At present, many countries conduct a study of open CNC system, CNC system and opening up has become a numerical control system of the future path. The so-called open-architecture CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting the structure object (numerical control function), the formation of serialization, and can be easily users for special applications and technical know-how into the control system, quick realization of different varieties and different grades of open CNC system, to form a distinctive brand personality. Currently open CNC system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, CNC system function library and function of numerical control system software development tools is the core of current research. NC network equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the past two years a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also to achieve new manufacturing paradigms such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad CNC machine tools and CNC manufacturing companies are launched in the last two years, the related new concepts and prototypes, reflecting the NC machine to the network in the direction of the trend. IV Conclusion As people focus on the numerical control technology, its development more and more rapidly. This paper briefly presented the current development trend, additional numerical techniques are steadily becoming integrated, parallel, there are still vast room for development. References:1 Wang Lixin. On the numerical control technology, the development trend of J. Chifeng College, 2007.2 DONG Chun. Numerical control system of the new trends in technology development J. Programmable controllers and factory automation, 2006.3 Ya-Li. Outlined the development of a new trend of NC J. Land and Resources of Higher Vocational Education Research, 2005.4 Fang. CNC technology development and means of J. Science and Technology Information, 2008.
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