1831_支架零件冲压工艺与冲模设计
1831_支架零件冲压工艺与冲模设计,支架,零件,冲压,工艺,冲模,设计
支架零件冲压工艺及冲模设计学生姓名:罗建 班级:0781053 指导老师:陈为国 摘要: 模具是制造业的重要工艺基础,模具制造属于专用设备制造业。模具技术集合了机械、电子、化学、光学、材料、计算机、精密监测和信息网络等诸多学科,是一个综合性多学科的系统工程。模具技 术的发展趋势主要是模具产品向着更大型、更精密、更复杂及更经济的方向发展,模具产品的技术含量不断提高,模具制造周期不断缩短,模具生产朝着信息化、无 图化、精 细化、自动化的方向发展,模具企业向着技术集成化、设备精良化、 产批品牌化、管理信息化、经营国际化的方向发展。本次设计一套冲空、落料的模具。经过查阅资料,首先对零件进行工艺分析,经过工艺分析和对比,采用冲孔落料工序,通过冲裁力、推料力、卸料力等计算,确定压力机的型号。再分析 对冲裁件加工的模具适用类型选择所需设计的模具。得出将设计的模具类型后将模具的各工作零部件设计过程表达出来。在说明书的第一部分,主要叙述了冲压模具的发展状况, 说明冲 压模具的重要性与本次设计的意义,接着是对冲压件的工艺分析,完成工 艺方案的确定。第二部分,对零件排样图的设计,完成了材料利用率的计算。再 进行冲裁工艺力的计算和冲裁模工作部分的设计计算。通过 前面的设计方案画出模具各零件图和装配图。关键字: 冲压 落料冲孔 复合膜 模具结构指导老师签名:毕业设计(论文)任务书I、毕业设计(论文) 题目:支架零件冲压工艺与冲模设计II、毕 业设计(论文)使用的原始资料(数据)及设计技术要求:1. 支架零件图2.生产纲领:中等批量3.要求完成零件的冲压工艺分析和冲压工艺规程的编制。1)分析成形工艺及坯料展开2)要求编制支架零件冲压工艺3)完成支架冲裁模设计III、毕 业设计(论文)工作内容及完成 时间:1. 查阅相关资料,外文资料翻译(6000 字符以上),撰写开题报告;第 1 周-第 2 周第 1 周-第 2 周2. 绘制支架冲件图、分析冲件成型工艺及坯料展开; 第 3 周-第 6 周3. 编制吊支架冲压成形工艺规程; 第 7 周-第 8 周4. 绘制吊支架冲裁模总装图及零件图 第 9 周-第 13 周5. 撰写毕业设计说明书(论文) 第 14 周-第 16 周6. 毕业设计审查,毕业答辩。 第 17 周 、主 要参考资料:1. 王树勋等合编 典型模具结构图册 第版 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 20052. 王孝培主编 冲压手册 第版 北京:机械工业 出版社, 20053. 翁其金等主编 冲压工艺与模具设计 第 1 版 北京:机械工业出版社,20084. 模具设计手册和国家标准:、 冷冲模国家标准5. 中国模具工业协会标准件委员会编 中国模具标准件手册 第 1 版 上海:上海科学普及出版社,1989 1989航空工程系 系 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业类 0781053 班学生(签名): 填写日期: 2011 年 3 月 1 日指导教师(签名): 助理指导教师(并指出所负责的部分):航空工程系 系主任(签名)附注:任 务书应该附在已完成的毕业设计说明书首页。学士学位论文原创性声明本人声明,所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立完成的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含法律意义上已属于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他学位申请的论文或成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式表明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名: 日期:学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权南昌航空大学可以将本论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。作者签名: 日期:导师签名: 日期:毕业设计(论文)开题报告书题目 支 架 零 件 冲 压 工 艺 与 冲 模 设 计专 业 名 称 机 械 设 计 制 造 及 其 自 动 化 班 级 学 号 078105317 学 生 姓 名 罗 建 指 导 教 师 陈 为 国 2011 年 3 月 20 日说 明开题报告应结合自己课题而作,一般包括:课题依据及课题的意义、国内外研究概况及发展趋势(含文献综述) 、研究内容及实验方案、目标、主要特色及工作进度、参考文献等内容。以下填写内容 各专业 可根据具体情况适当 修改 。但每个专业填写内容应保持一致。一、 选题的依据冲压工艺及模具设计是汽车、家电等产品生产中常用的制造工艺及方法。本课题可锻炼综合运用所学知识,独立进行冲压工艺分析及模具设计制造的能力。本课题的任务是:设计支架零件冲压工艺与冲模设计。通过毕业设计,熟悉常用冲压材料的适用性能,能正确选择模具材料能提出合适的热处理工艺,掌握冲压模具设计的基本程序和方法。主要内容包括:冲压工艺分析与参数计算;冲压工艺方案的确定与优选;关键工序成形的数值仿真验证。凸模、凹模、定位、导向、连接、卸料等工件零件的设计;模具装配图与零件图设计等等。二、国内外研究概况及发展趋势(含文献综述)21 国内模具发展状况 近年来,我国冲压模具水平已有很大提高。近年来,模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加快,主要表现为:大型、精密、复杂、长寿命中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度快于一般模具产品;塑料模和压铸模比例增大;专业模具厂数量及其产能增加较快;“三资”及私营企业发展迅速;股份制改造步伐加快等。大型冲压模具已能生产单套重量达 50 多吨的模具。为中档轿车配套的覆盖件模具国内也能生产了。精度达到 12m,寿命 2 亿次左右的多工位级进模国内已有多家企业能够生产。表面粗糙度达到 Ra300mm)精冲模及中厚板精冲模国内也已达到相当高的水平。在国家产业政策的正确引导下,经过几十年努力,现在我国冲压模具的设计与制造能力已达到较高水平,包括信息工程和虚拟技术等许多现代设计制造技术已在很多模具企业得到应用。从地区分布来说,以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区发展快于中西部地区,南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产最为集中的省份是广东和浙江,这两个省的模具产值已占全国总产值的 6 成以上。我国模具总产值虽然已位居世界第三,但设计制造水平在总体上要比德国、美国、日本、法国、意大利等发达国家落后许多,也要比英国、加拿大、西班牙、韩国、新加坡等落后。我国模具行业专业化程度还比较低,模具自产自配比例过高。落后和差距主要表现在:精密加工设备在模具加工设备中的比重比较低;CAD/CAE/CAM 技术的普及率不高;许多先进的模具技术应用不够广泛等等,致使相当一部分大型、精密、复杂和长寿命模具依赖进口。22 国内模具未来发展趋势1.全面推广 CAD/CAE/CAM 技术2.高速铣削加工 发展的高速铣削加工,大幅度提高了加工效率,并可获得极高的表面光洁度。高速铣削加工技术的发展,对汽车、家电行业中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。3.模具扫描及数字化系统模具扫描系统提供了从模型或实物扫描到加工出期望的模型所需的诸多功能,大大缩短了模具的在研制制造周期。4.电火花铣削加工削加工技术是一种替代传统的用成型电极加工型腔的新技术,它是有高速旋转的简单的管状电极作三维或二维轮廓加工(像数控铣一样),因此不再需要制造复杂的成型电极,这显然是电火花成形加工领域的重大发展。5.提高模具标准化程度我国模具标准化程度正在不断提高,目前我国模具标准件使用率已达到 30%左右。国外发达国家一般为 80%左右。6.优质材料及先进表面处理技术优质钢材和应用相应的表面处理技术来提高模具的寿命就显得十分必要。模具热处理和表面处理技术是能否充分发挥模具钢材料性能的关键环节。模具热处理的发展方向是采用真空热处理。7.模具研磨抛光将自动化、智能化 模具表面的质量对模具使用寿命、制件外观质量等方面均有较大的影响,研究自动化、智能化的研磨与抛光方法替代现有手工操作,以提高模具表面质量是重要的发展趋势。8.模具自动加工系统的发展 我国长远发展的目标:在信息化带动工业化发展的今天,在经济全球化趋向日渐加速的情况下,我国冲压模具必须尽快提高水平。通过改革与发展,采取各种有效措施,在冲压模具行业全体职工的共同努力奋斗之下,我国冲压模具也一定会不断提高水平,逐渐缩小与世界先进水平的差距。 “十一五”期间,在科学发展观指导下,不断提高自主开发能力、重视创新、坚持改革开放、走新型工业化道路,将速度效益型的增长模式逐步转变到质量和水平效益型轨道上来,我国的冲压模具的水平也必然会更上一层楼。2. 3.国外模具发展情况国外发达国家的模具厂大体分为独立的模具厂和隶属于一些大的集团公司的模具厂,一般规模都不大,但专业化程度高,生产效率极高。国外模具企业一般不超过 100 人,多数在 50 人以下。在人员结构上,设计、质量控制、营销人员超过 30%,管理人员在 5%以下。我国每个职工平均每年创造模具产值约合 1 万美元左右,而国外模具工业发达国家大多 1520 万美元,有的达到 2530 万美元。国外先进国家模具标准件使用覆盖率达 70%以上,而我国才达到45。国内模具企业中一些私营、合资企业人员结构和国外差不多。国外模具企业对人员素质要求较高,技术人员一专多能,一般能独立完成从工艺到工装的设计;操作人员具备多种操作技能;营销人员对模具的了解和掌握很深。国内模具企业分工较细,缺乏综合素质较高的人员。国外模具企业 CAD/CAE/CAM 的技术的应用比较广泛,逆向工程、快速原型制造铸造模具的使用也比较多。国内模具企业中一些骨干厂家在这方面和国外差距已经不大,有些已经达到国外水平。但一些中小型模具企业与国外的差距还是很大的。不过在模具材料方面,随着国外技术的引进和中国研发能力的提高,差距在逐渐缩小。国外模具总量中,大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具的比例占到50%以上;国外模具企业的组织形式是大而专、大而精。在模具的价格和制造周期上,国外模具价格一般是国内模具的5-10倍,制造周期是2-3倍。在这两方面应该说国内模具企业还是具有一定竞争优势的。三、研究内容及实验方案1课题研究的主要内容1.工艺分析由工件图可知,该工件的形状,尺寸,精度和材料等均符合冲压工艺性要求,冲压的主要工序有:落料、冲裁等,工艺比较复杂,生产批量大。2拍样图设计由所给零件图画出零件展开图,合理安排工位,要注意尺寸质量问题及控制。3.冲压工艺参数计算等4.模具结构的设计凹模、凸模的设计5模具装配图与零件图的设计6撰写毕业设计说明书2本课题研究方法1.从老师指定的零件图入手,收集资料撰写开题报告。绘制零件冲件图, 。根据零件的材料与厚度,进行工艺分析与计算,初步确定零件的加工制造工艺。2.要进行模具的结构设计。本次设计还需要选择模架,初步拟定选择后侧导柱模架,尺寸规格的选择还需要进一步的计算。本次设计先设计出排样图,计算出搭边值,这要考虑到提高原材料的利用率。确定模具的压力中心后计算冲裁力,顶件力,弯曲力等,算出总力后即可根据模具设计大典选择压力机的种类及型号。之后计算模具的刃口尺寸。再确定模具的主要结构要素,如确定送料方式,确定卸料方式。选择各模具零件的标准外形尺寸,有上模板、固定板、凹模、卸料板、固定板、下垫板的尺寸。再确定一下螺钉和销钉的数量与尺寸。3.进行模具的装配图与零件图的设计。查找零件与装配的技术要求,以及各零件的材料、硬度和规格,最后用计算机绘制正式的装配图,再由指导教师指定零件图,用计算机绘出图纸,标明尺寸,技术要求以及形位公差、粗糙度等。四、总的工作任务,进度安排以及预期结果1、总的工作任务1、独立完成毕业设计2、按图标准设计一套模具的装配图和有关的关键零件图,图纸比例 1:1,毕业设计图纸不少于 2.5 张 A0 图纸。3、制订模具的装配工艺和成形零件的工艺,并编制出成形零件的工艺卡。4、按学院毕业设计的书写格式要求,撰写设计说明书。5、完成 6000 字符以上的毕业设计有关的外文资料翻译。 2、工作进度1. 查阅相关资料,外文资料翻译(6000 字符以上) ,撰写开题报告。第 1 周第 2 周2.绘制支架冲件图,分析冲件成形工艺及坯料展开。 第 3 周第 6 周3.编制吊支架冲压成形工艺规程。 第 7 周第 8 周4.绘制吊支架冲裁模总装图及零件图。 第 9 周第 13 周5.撰写毕业设计说明书(论文) 。 第 14 周第 16 周6.毕业设计审查,毕业答辩。 第 17 周3预期结果1.完成一篇相关英文资料的翻译。2.完成对吊支架冲压件的结构和功能分析,确定总体方案设计,并绘制出零件图。3.完成模具部分零件的工艺设计,撰写详细的设计说明书。我希望能提前完成任务,并且把错误降低到最低点,使本设计应具有相当的实用性。五、参考文献1 王树勋等合编典型模具结构图册第版广州:华南理工大学出版社,20052 王孝培主编冲压手册第版北京:机械工业出版社,20053 翁其金等主编 冲压工艺与模具设计 第 1 版 北京:机械工业出版社,20084 模具设计手册和国家标准:、 冷冲模国家标准5 中国模具工业协会标准件委员会编 中国模具标准件手册 第 1 版 上海:上海科学普及出版社,1989The support components ramming craft and dies the design Student name : Luo Jian Class: 0781053Supervisor: Chen Wei GuoAbscract: The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops.This time designs a set to flush spatially, falls the material the mold. After the consult material, first carries on the process study to the components, undergoes the process study and the contrast, uses the punch holes to fall the material working procedure, through the blanking force, pushes computations and so on material strength, ex-denning strength, definite presss model. The analysis is suitable the mold which again to the blanking processings mold the type choice must design. After obtaining mold type which, will design expresses molds each work spare part design process. In the instruction booklet first part, mainly narrated the ramming molds development condition, explained that the ramming molds importance with this designs significance, is to pressing parts process study, completes the craft plan the determination. The second part, to the components row of specimen maps design, has completed the material use factor computation. Carries on the blanking craft strength again the computation. Keywords:press punching die compsite dises structure of the die Signature of Supervisor:Mold design and manufactureThe mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also quite rapid .Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years .Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) the total quantity falls short of demand domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gatherin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) the mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardthe production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .(4) develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowthe level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyalthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .(2) talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .(3) the craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) to the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls the mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :(1) to establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .(2) establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .(3) the mold production enterprises information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .(4) are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .(5) enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .(6) the advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .(7) the raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .(8) the advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .(9) the mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .(10) the mold and its the product examination technology.(11) high quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .(12) the mold production enterprises modern management technology Mold profession in 十 15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .According to 十 15 the mold profession development plan, 十 15 the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold (1) ramming mold to occupythe mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. This kind of mold our country had the certain technology base, already for middle-grade passenger vehicle necessary, but the level is not high, the ability is insufficient, at present satisfying rate only has one about the half. Center the upscale passenger vehicle cover mold main dependence import, has become the bottleneck which the automobile develops, enormous influence vehicle type development .(2)the precise ramming mold multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics industry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the product has achieved the world level, but the majority of enterprises still had a bigger disparity, the supply total quantity insufficient, the import were very many (3) the large-scale precise plastic moldplastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity 10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plastic different molding for the new building materials to squeeze out the mold and the pipeline and the nozzle mold and so on, at present although had the suitable technology base and fast is developing, but the technical level and overseas still had a bigger disparity, the total quantity falls short of demand, Every year import amount reaches several hundred million US dollar.(4) the main mold standard to imitatee at present domestically to have an greater output the mold standard letter mainly is the mold frame, the guidance, the throwout lever pushes the tube, the elastic part and so on. These products not only the domestic necessary massive need, the exportation prospect very is also good, should continue vigorously to develop. The nitrogen cylinder and the hot flow channel part main dependence import, should raise the level in the existing foundation, forms the standard and organization scale production.(5) the other high-tech content molds occupiesin the mold total quantity green 8% compression casting mold, large-scale thin wall precise compression casting technology content high, the difficulty is big. The magnesium alloy compression casting mold at present although just started, but the prospects for development were good, have the representation. The meridian rubber tire mold also is the development direction, detachable mold technology difficulty is biggest. With fast takes shape some fast pattern making technologies and the corresponding fast economical mold which the technology unifies has the very good prospects for development. These high-tech content molds in 十 15 period also should the prioritize .模具设计与制造模具是制造业的重要工艺基础,在我国,模具制造属于专用设备制造业。中国虽然很早就开始制造模具和使用模具,但长期未形成产业。直到 20 世纪80 年代后期,中国模具工业才驶入发展的快车道。近年,不仅国有模具企业有了很大发展,三资企业、乡镇(个体)模具企业的发展也相当迅速。 虽然中国模具工业发展迅速,但与需求相比,显然供不应求,其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具领域。由于在模具精度、寿命、制造周期及生产能力等方面,中国与国际平均水平和发达国家仍有较大差距,因此,每年需要大量进口模具。 中国模具产业除了要继续提高生产能力,今后更要着重于行业内部结构的调整和技术发展水平的提高。结构调整方面,主要是企业结构向专业化调整,产品结构向着中高档模具发展,向进出口结构的改进,中高档汽车覆盖件模具成形分析及结构改进、多功能复合模具和复合加工及激光技术在模具设计制造上的应用、高速切削、超精加工及抛光技术、信息化方向发展。 近年,模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加大,主要表现在,大型、精密、复杂、长寿命、中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度高于一般模具产品;塑料模和压铸模比例增大;专业模具厂数量及其生产能力增加;“三资” 及私营企业发展迅速;股份制改造步伐加快等。从地区分布来看,以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区发展快于中西部地区,南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产最为集中的省份是广东和浙江,江苏、上海、安徽和山东等地近几年也有较大发展。 虽然我国模具总量目前已达到相当规模,模具水平也有很大提高,但设计制造水平总体上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工业发达国家许多。当前存在的问题和差距主要表现在以下几方面:(1)总量供不应求 国内模具自配率只有 70%左右。其中低档模具供过于求,中高档模具自配率只有 50%左右。 (2)企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构均不合理 我国模具生产厂中多数是自产自配的工模具车间(分厂) ,自产自配比例高达60%左右,而国外模具超过 70%属商品模具。专业模具厂大多是“大而全” 、 “小而全”的组织形式,而国外大多是“ 小而专”、 “小而精 ”。国内大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具占总量比例不足 30%,而国外在 50%以上。2004 年,模具进出口之比为 3.7:1,进出口相抵后的净进口额达 13.2 亿美元,为世界模具净进口量最大的国家。(3)模具产品水平大大低于国际水平,生产周期却高于国际水平 产品水平低主要表现在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、寿命及结构等方面。 (4)开发能力较差,经济效益欠佳 我国模具企业技术人员比例低,水平较低,且不重视产品开发,在市
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