2022-2023年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第26期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Fool （ ） Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.问题1选项A.whoB.asC.thatD.like【答案】B【解析】考查连词和代词辨析。A选项who“谁；什么人”；B选项as“如同，像一样；虽然”；C选项that没有实意；D选项like“像，如同”。由本句前后语义关系可知，前半句应该是一个让步状语从句。句意：尽管吉英很蠢，她也不会做出这种事来。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Lines of latitude run horizontally and a

2、re parallel to the Equator and lines of longitude run vertically. They（ ）at the North and South Poles.问题1选项A.convergeB.convokeC.convoyD.convulse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项converge“使汇聚；聚集，靠拢”；B选项convoke“召集”；C选项convoy“护航；护送”；D选项convulse“震撼；使剧烈震动；使抽搐”。句意：纬度线是水平的，与赤道平行，经线是垂直的。它们在南极和北极汇合。题干中提到“Lines of latitude纬

3、线”、“lines of longitude经线”和“at the North and South Poles在南北极”，由此可推断出“聚集”符合语境，因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Providing first-class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.问题1选项A.methodsB.attitudesC.thoughtsD.solutions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A选项method“方法；手段”；B选项attitude“态度；意见”；C选项th

4、ought“思想；想法；关心”；D选项solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根据句中“to attract passengers为吸引乘客”可知tactic在这里的意思为“手段”，因此A选项正确。4. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.文化的多样性是人类文明最本质的特征，尊重不同文化的独立与发展，加强文化交流与合作，是维护世界文化多样性的重要前提。在全球化的

5、时代，人类面临着许多共同的问题，都需要通过广泛的文化沟通与合作来寻求答案，中国提倡充分尊重各国的文化传统，社会制度、发展道路，倡导开放兼容的文化观，也真诚地愿意通过与各国广泛开展合作，借鉴各种文明之长，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。【答案】Cultural diversity is the most essential characteristics of human civilization, to respect the independence and development of a different culture and strengthen cultural exc

6、hanges and cooperation is important preconditions for the maintenance of world cultural diversity. In the era of globalization, mankind is faced with many common problems and all need to seek the answer through extensive cultural communication and cooperation, China advocates a full respect for each

7、 countrys cultural tradition, social system and development path and call for open and compatible cultural view, and also is sincerely willing to promote to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity through extensive cooperation with other countries and drawing on the strengths

8、 of the various kinds of civilization.5. 单选题If you repeatedly find yourself _or agreeing to requests you are reluctant to fulfill and feeling unhappy about, you might want to look at some reasons why you say yes when you prefer to say no.问题1选项A.abstainingB.acquiescingC.accommodatingD.articulating【答案

9、】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“abstaining”意为“（投票时）弃权；回避；自制”；B选项“acquiescing”意为“默许；勉强同意”；C选项“accommodating”意为“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；D选项“articulating”意为“清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；用关节连接；使相互连贯”。句意：如果你不断地发现自己默许或同意那些你不愿去满足或感到不开心的要求，你可能想看看为什么你在更想说不的时候却说“是”的原因。由题干可知，or是并列连词表选择，说明横线处与agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默许，勉强同意的意思。因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题

10、The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.问题1选项A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“defe

11、rs”意为“推迟；延期；服从”；B选项“curtails”意为“缩减；剪短；剥夺特权”；C选项“triggers”意为“触发，引起；开动（装置）”；D选项“sparks”意为“发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚”。句意：1982年的石油和天然气法案赋予了允许处理公司持有资产的权力，并在供应天然气充当燃料的目的上，剥夺了公司的法定垄断特权，从而允许私人公司在供应方面竞争。由题干可知，横线后是the Corporations statutory monopoly（公司的法定垄断特权）而后文又说到to permit private companies to compete（允许私人公司在供应方面竞争），由此

12、可以推测出应该是剥夺了公司的垄断特权，所以私人公司才能在供应方面竞争。因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题The test of any democratic society lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible（ ）.问题1选项A.altitudeB.latitudeC.longitudeD.multitude【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；B

13、选项latitude“纬度；行动自由”； C选项longitude“经度；经线”；D选项multitude“群众；多数”。句意：对任何一个民主社会的考验不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由。由题干中“freedom of thought and expression思想和表达自由”的提示可知“行动自由”符合语境，因此B选项正确。8. 不定项选择题Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to ta

14、ke on formal learning. Educators find that （71） toddlers are most likely to succeed during their school careers, （72） their younger counterparts are more likely to （73）. Kindergarten children who turn five during the （74） half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it （75） physical, emotional

15、, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten （76） to receive better grades and score higher on achievement （77） throughout their schooling experience （78） do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verba

16、lly skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the （79） thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of todays children （80） inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: youngsters （81） parents push them to attain academic suc

17、cess in preschool are less creative, have （82） anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage （83） their less-pressured peers.Many psychologist and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting

18、. They question （84） environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantages home. They do not deny, however, the （85） of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children （86） freedom to

19、 play, develop at their own （87）, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now （88） of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are dri

20、ving young children too （89） and thereby depriving them of their（90）.问题1选项A.olderB.tallerC.strongerD.smarter问题2选项A.sinceB.now thatC.therebyD.whereas问题3选项A.fallB.failC.fleeD.fear问题4选项A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter问题5选项A.lies inB.deals withC.comes toD.calls for问题6选项A.helpB.wantC.tendD.prefer问题7选项A.test

21、sB.trialsC.performanceD.competition问题8选项A.thatB.whichC.thenD.than问题9选项A.easyB.hardC.sameD.similar问题10选项A.forB.againstC.withD.towards问题11选项A.andB.withC.thoseD.whose问题12选项A.muchB.moreC.manyD.most问题13选项A.toB.againstC.overD.than问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whyD.whether问题15选项A.valueB.powerC.considerationD.responsi

22、bility问题16选项A.possibleB.reasonableC.imaginableD.considerable问题17选项A.wayB.caseC.paceD.means问题18选项A.thoughtB.remindedC.expectedD.regarded问题19选项A.wellB.hardC.badlyD.directly问题20选项A.memoryB.childhoodC.ambitionsD.simplicity【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:D第15

23、题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。A选项older“更年长的”；B选项taller“更高的”；C选项stronger “更强壮的”；D选项smarter“更聪明的；更精明的”。句意：教育家们发现，学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功，而他们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。因此A选项正确。第2题:考查逻辑关系。A选项since“因为；自以来”；B选项now that“既然；由于”；C选项thereby“从而，因此；在那附近”；D选项whereas“然而”。句意：教育家们发现，学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功，而他

24、们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。空格前后是表示转折的对比关系，因此D选项正确。第3题:考查逻辑关系。A选项fall“落下；跌倒”；B选项fail“失败”；C选项flee“逃走；消失”；D选项fear“害怕；恐惧”。句意：教育家们发现，学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功，而他们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。由关键词“succeed成功”可知这里指“失败”，因此B选项正确。第4题:考查逻辑关系。A选项late“晚的；已故的；最近的”；B选项later“更迟的；更后的”；C选项latest“最新的；最迟的，最后的”；D选项latter“后面的”。句意：在今年下半年满5岁的幼儿园孩子在身体、情感

25、、社交和智力发展方面似乎处于不利地位。因此D选项正确。第5题:考查逻辑关系。A选项lie in“在于”；B选项deal with“处理”；C选项come to“谈到”；D选项call for“要求；提倡；邀请”。句意：在今年下半年满5岁的幼儿园孩子在身体、情感、社交和智力发展方面似乎处于不利地位。由空格前“when it”的提示可知这里指“when it come to当提到；就而论”，因此C选项正确。第6题:考查逻辑关系。A选项help“帮助；促进”；B选项want“需要；希望”；C选项tend “倾向”；D选项prefer“更喜欢；宁愿”。句意：此外，在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习

26、过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好的成绩，在成就测试中得分也更高。这里是指一种倾向性，因此C选项正确。第7题:考查逻辑关系。A选项test“测试”；B选项trial“试验；审讯”；C选项performance “性能；表现”；D选项competition“竞争；竞赛”。句意：此外，在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好的成绩，在成就测试中得分也更高。由“grades分数”可知这里指“测试”，因此A选项正确。第8题:考查语法。句意：此外，在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好

27、的成绩，在成就测试中得分也更高。than引导的比较结构，前后进行比较，因此D选项正确。第9题:考查词义辨析。A选项easy“容易的；舒适的”；B选项hard“努力的；困难的；辛苦的”；C选项same“相同的；同一的”；D选项similar“相似的”。句意：聪明、语言熟练和准备好上学似乎不是同一件事。因此C选项正确。第10题:考查固定搭配。句意：人们很容易把当今许多孩子表面上的自信和老练与内心的成熟混为一谈。confuse sth. with sth.“将某事与某事混淆”为固定搭配，因此C选项正确。第11题:考查语法。句意：如果父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功，他们的创造力就会降低。whos

28、e引导后置定语从句，因此D选项正确。第12题:考查逻辑关系。A选项much“大量的”；B选项more“更多的”；C选项many“许多的”；D选项most“大部分的，多数的；最多的”。句意：父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功，这些孩子的创造力较低，对考试更焦虑。而且，到幼儿园结束时，与压力较小的同龄人相比，他们无法保持最初的学业优势。与前面的“less creative更少有创造性”相对应，因此B选项正确。第13题:考查固定搭配。句意：父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功，这些孩子的创造力较低，对考试更焦虑。而且，到幼儿园结束时，与压力较小的同龄人相比，他们无法保持最初的学业优势。mainta

29、in advantages over sb.“保持比某人有优势”为固定搭配，因此C选项正确。第14题:考查逻辑关系。句意：他们质疑丰富的环境是否能显著改变一个在非劣势家庭中长大的孩子的内在发展时间表。根据句意可知这里表示怀疑态度，因此D选项正确。第15题:考查词义辨析。A选项value“价值；价格；重要性”；B选项power“力量，能力；电力，功率；政权，势力”；C选项consideration“考虑；关心”；D选项responsibility“责任，职责；义务”。句意：然而，他们并不否认日托中心和幼儿园的价值，因为它们提供了一个像家一样的环境，并允许孩子们有相当大的玩耍自由。因此A选项正确。

30、第16题:考查同义辨析。A选项possible“可能的；合适的”；B选项reasonable“合理的；通情达理的”；C选项imaginable“可能的；可想象的”；D选项considerable“相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的”。句意：然而，他们并不否认日托中心和幼儿园的价值，因为它们提供了一个像家一样的环境，并允许孩子们有相当大的玩耍自由。因此D选项正确。第17题:考查词义辨析。A选项way“方法；道路；方向”；B选项case“情况；实例”；C选项pace“步速；步伐；速度”；D选项means“手段；方法；财产”。句意：按照他们自己的速度发展。因此C选项正确。第18题:考查逻辑关系。A选项th

31、ink“想；认为”；B选项remind“提醒；使想起”；C选项expect“期望；指望；认为；预料”；D选项regard“注重，考虑；看待；尊敬；把看作”。句意：但他们指出，孩子们曾经在一年级做过的许多事情，现在都被要求在幼儿园做，他们担心现在会有越来越多的4岁孩子被要求做这些事情。sth. be expected of sb.“期望某人做某事”，因此C选项正确。第19题:考查固定搭配。A选项well“良好的；健康的”；B选项hard“努力的；困难的；严厉的；猛烈的”；C选项badly“非常，很；严重地”；D选项directly“直接地；立即”。句意：这些心理学家和教育家认为，我们对孩子的要求

32、太高，从而剥夺了他们的童年。drive sb. too hard“逼得某人太过分”为固定搭配，因此B选项正确。第20题:考查词义辨析。A选项memory“记忆；内存，存储器”；B选项childhood“童年时期；幼年时代”；C选项ambition“野心，雄心；抱负，志向”；D选项simplicity“朴素；简易；天真”。句意：这些心理学家和教育家认为，我们对孩子的要求太高，从而剥夺了他们的童年。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题To absorb a younger workforce, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives fo

33、r older workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.问题1选项A.rewardsB.opportunitiesC.motivesD.stimuli【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive“激励；奖励；诱因”；A选项reward“奖励；奖赏”；B选项opportunity（其复数形式为 opportunities）“时机，机会”；C选项motive“动机，目的”；D选项stimuli（其为stimulus的复数形式）“激励；刺激；促进因素”。句意：为了吸收更年轻的劳动

34、力，许多公司推出了退休计划，以激励年龄较大的员工退休，为工资较低的年轻员工让路。根据句中“retirement plans退休计划”可知incentive在这里的意思应为“激励”，因此D选项正确。10. 单选题These continual（ ）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改，改变；变更”；vibration“振动；振荡；颤抖”；wave“波浪；挥手

35、示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮动；动荡；动摇”。句意：温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“make it impossible to decide what to wear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题There were incessant demands for the resignation of the Georgian president from the office for his inefficient running of state affairs.问题1选项A.occasionalB.tempora

36、ryC.continuousD.intermittent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词incessant意为“不断的；连续的”；A选项“occasional”意为“偶然的，临时的”；B选项“temporary”意为“暂时的，临时的”；C选项“continuous”意为“连续的，持续的；继续的”；D选项“intermittent”意为“间歇的；断断续续的”。句意：由于格鲁吉亚总统管理国家事务效率低下，不断有人要求他辞职。由题干可知，his inefficient running of state affairs（他管理国家事务效率低下），所以可以推测出让他辞职的要求应该是持续不断的，

37、由此可推知incessant在这里是“不断的”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。12. 单选题Your help is（ ）for the success of the project.问题1选项A.indispensableB.indicativeC.inevitableD.inherent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；B选项indicative“象征的；指示的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项inherent“内在的；与生俱来的”。句意：你的帮助是这个项目成功不可缺少的。根据句中“the success o

38、f the project这个项目成功”可知“不可缺少的”符合语境，因此A选项正确。13. 不定项选择题The age at which young children begin to make moral discrimination about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists suppor

39、ted pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of

40、the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young chi

41、ldren mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Kensey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless o

42、f the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.Ken

43、seys research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indic

44、ate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdalc and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressors action was justified by public duty; five year olds reacted very differently to “B

45、onnie wrecks Anns pretend house” depending on whether Bonnie did it “so somebody wont fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted “to make Ann feel bad.” Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified: the constraints of moral absolutism no l

46、onger solely guide their judgments.Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseea

47、ble, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.1. Which of the following best describes the

48、passage as a whole?2. Darley found that after seven months of kindergarten six year olds acquired the ability of（ ）.3. According to the passage, Piaget and Kensey would not have agreed on（ ）.4. The term “public duty”（in line 5 of paragraph 2）in the context of the passage means（ ）.5. Kenseys findings

49、 support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?问题1选项A.An outline for future research.B.An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms.C.An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.D.A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry.问题2选项A.differentiating bet

50、ween foreseeable and unforeseeable harmB.identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful actionC.justifying harmful actions that result from provocationD.evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules问题3选项A.the kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts the

51、y commitB.the age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harmC.the intentions children have in perpetrating harmD.the circumstances under which children punish harmful acts问题4选项A.the necessity to apprehend perpetratorsB.the responsibility to punish transgressor

52、sC.an obligation to prevent harm to anotherD.the assignment of punishment for harmful action问题5选项A.They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.B.They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.C.They do not understand the concept of public duty.D.They make arbitrary mor

53、al judgments.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需从全文整体分析。第一段中Kensey和Piaget两人提出了有关儿童心理发展的不同观点，随后的二三段都是在对Kensey的观点进行讨论和论证。A选项“An outline for future research”意为“未来研究的大纲”，原文并未提及未来研究的大纲；B选项“An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms”意为“对常见误解术语的扩展定义”，原文不是对误解术语的扩展定义，是提出了两个不同

54、观点；C选项“An analysis of a dispute between two theorists”意为“对两个理论家之间争论的分析”，原文二三段主要论证了Kensey的观点，并没有就两者的争论进行分析；D选项“A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry”意为“对正在进行的调查中研究结果的讨论”，符合原文，此处指的就是对Kensey研究结果的讨论。因此D选项符合题意。第2题:事实细节题。由seven months of kindergarten定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Seven months later, howe

55、ver, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous”，然而，七个月后，达利发现，同样是这些孩子已经可以做出两种区分，从而表明他们在道德上是自发的。由此可知，进入幼儿园七个月后，孩子们已经能区别可预见和不可预见的伤害。A选项“differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm”，意为“区分可预见和不可预见的伤害”，与原文相

56、符；B选项“identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action”意为“辨认有害行为的作恶者”，原文未提及；C选项“justifying harmful actions that result from provocation”意为“为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护”，原文是这不是Darley的研究发现，是针对Kensey观点的研究结果；D选项“evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules”意为“评估因违反规则而产生的负

57、面后果的大小”，原文中这是Piaget的观点，不是Darley的发现。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“the kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit”意为“孩子们为他们所做的有害行为找的种种借口”，这只是针对Kensey观点的研究结果，但不代表二者就此有分歧；B选项“the age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm”意为“儿童

58、开始区分故意伤害和无意伤害的年龄”，与原文相符，原文第一段第四句，然而， Kensey发现，6岁的儿童能区分意外伤害和故意伤害。由此可推测这就是两者观点的不同之处；C选项“the intentions children have in perpetrating harm”意为“孩子们实施伤害的意图”，原文两者争论的重点不是孩子实施伤害的意图，而是孩子究竟何时开始辨别有意与无意的伤害；D选项“the circumstances under which children punish harmful acts”意为“儿童惩罚有害行为的情形”，这是Nesdalc和Rule的研究发现，不是Piaget

59、与Kensey之间的分歧。因此B选项符合题意。第4题:判断推理题。由public duty定位到文章第二段第三句“For example, Nesdalc and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressors action was justified by public duty”，例如，Nesdalc和Rule的结论是，儿童有能力考虑侵犯者的行为是否符合公共义务；五岁的孩子对邦妮破坏了安的假房子的反应非常不同，这取决于邦妮这么做是为了防止别人摔倒，还是因为邦妮想让安难

60、过。由此可知，这个事例是对公共义务的解释，所以公共义务就是防止他人受损害的义务，如防止他人摔倒。A选项“the necessity to apprehend perpetrators”意为“逮捕罪犯的必要性”，与原文不符，原文未提及逮捕罪犯；B选项“the responsibility to punish transgressors”意为“惩罚犯规者的责任”，原文Nesdalc和Rule的结论中儿童并没有对犯规者进行惩罚；C选项“an obligation to prevent harm to another”意为“防止损害他人的义务”，与原文相符；D选项“the assignment of

61、punishment for harmful action”意为“对有害行为的惩罚分配”，该结论中并没有谈到惩罚。因此C选项符合题意。第5题:判断推理题。由Kenseys findings定位到文章第一段最后一句“Both of these findings seem to indicate that in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage”，这两项发现（Kensey的发现）似乎都表明，儿童比皮亚杰所说的更早进入道德发展的第二阶段，

62、即道德自主。由此可知，儿童已经能自主做出道德判断。A选项“They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments”意为“他们有能力自主做出道德判断”，符合Kensey的理论；B选项“They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy”意为“他们把道德绝对主义看作是对他们道德自主权的威胁”，原文未提及道德绝对主义；C选项“They do not understand the concept of public duty”意为“他们不理解公共义务的概念”，与原文不符，就Nesdalc和Rule的结论而言，孩子