2022-2023年考博英语-西南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第24期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ）report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.问题1选项A.conciseB.briskC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。 concise “简明的，简洁的”； brisk “敏锐的，活泼的”；precise “精确的；明确的”；elaborate “精心制作的；详尽的”。句意：

2、新秘书写了一份相当简洁的报告，只用了几百个单词却包含了所有重要细节。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Such an approach forces the managers to communicate with one another and helps （ ）rigid departmental boundaries.问题1选项A.pass overB.stand forC.break downD.set off【答案】C【解析】考察动词词组辨析。pass over “越过，忽略”；stand for “代表，支持”；break down “分解；消除；失败；发生故障”；set off “出发

3、，引起”。句意：这种方法迫使经理们相互交流，帮助他们消除严格的部门界限。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will（ ） for many years to come.问题1选项A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。discount “打折扣”；acquit “无罪释放”；cherish “珍惜”；blur “使模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在

4、今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题As long as Hurston remains susceptible to what are essentially political judgments, her literary fortunes will continue to fluctuate with the temper of the times. Criticism that restricts itself to ideology misses the basic reason the writer is worth reading in the first p

5、lace. Hurston belongs among the American classics not because of her politics but because of her language. She was at pains to distinguish herself from other writers with clearly defined social and political agendas. Some writers, Hurston charged, think there is bravery in writing for those “who wan

6、t to hear the same thing over and over again even though they already know it by heart. It is the same thing as waving the flag in a poorly constructed play.”Hurstons saving distinction was her exquisitely sensitive ear. She was sometimes out of tune, as when she tried to devise metaphors that were

7、self-consciously literary (there is a basin in the mind where words float around3). But when she deployed colloquial speech and celebrated its ability to move beyond mere denotation, she was a spectacular writer, and the farthest thing from a flag waver. When, for instance, she describes a speeding

8、train, she uses a word that perfectly conveys the sound of the wheels clicking over the track joints: it “schickalacked” over the rails.Hurston was a brilliant transcriber of colloquial language and teller of folktales, but these were only part of her achievement. When writing in her own voice, she

9、renders the world in phrases that are palpable and wonderfully immediate. This is a writer who understood that spontaneous image-making is the mark of a living language, that a shared language is the only conduit we have into the interior lives of other people.Hurstons real subject, and this is the

10、reason her work will abide, was the universal disjunction between the limitless human imagination and the constrictions within which all human beings live. She happened to know best how to exemplify this theme by writing about the lives of Black women in the American South, which in itself is cause

11、for neither praise nor blame. Hurston rejected all the conventional categories -race, class, gender-by which some of her latest critics organize experience. “My interest lies in what makes a man or woman do such-and-so, regardless of color.”1.The passage primarily conveys the authors （ ）.2.In line 2

12、, “temper” most nearly means（ ）.3.Hurston criticize “some writers” (lines 6-8) for（ ）.4.The sentence beginning “she was sometimes.” (lines 9-11) serves primarily to（ ）.5.In the underlined lines 22-23 (“she.blame”)，the author most directly implies that（ ）.问题1选项A.enthusiasm about Hurstons social activ

13、ismB.amusement at those who misunderstand Hurstons viewsC.skepticism about Hustons permanence as a literary iconD.appreciation for Hurstons literary talents问题2选项A.courageB.composureC.moodD.resiliency问题3选项A.relying on the appeal of popular themesB.abandoning their writing when they encounter difficul

14、ties in getting publishedC.shirking patriotic duties during times of personal hardshipD.being unwilling to write what the public most wants to read问题4选项A.note an exception to the claim made in the previous sentenceB.provide an example of Hurstons effective use of poetic languageC.emphasize the autho

15、rs central argument about Hurstons styleD.reveal a little-known accomplishment of Hurstons问题5选项A.the characters in Hurstons fiction were often more controversial that their real-life counterpartsB.too much should not be made of Hurstons choice of whom to write aboutC.Hurston felt compelled to apolog

16、ize for writing about what was most interesting to herD.Hurstons peers could not identify with her characters【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第三句Hurston belongs among the American classics not because of her politics but because of her language提到Hurston成为美国经典不是因为她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者对Hur

17、ston的文学才能是表示赞赏的，选项D符合题意。2.考察词义。文章第一段第一句As long as Hurston remains susceptible to what are essentially political judgments, her literary fortunes will continue to fluctuate with the temper of the times.提到Hurston的文学命运随着时代的“脾气”不断的起伏。选项C中的mood与之相近，符合题意。3.考察细节事实。文章第一段Some writers, Hurston charged, think

18、there is bravery in writing for those “who want to hear the same thing over and over again even though they already know it by heart. It is the same thing as waving the flag in a poorly constructed play.”提到Hurston认为有些作家写的内容都是陈词滥调，过分迎合大众的口味，没有新意。选项A符合题意。4.考察判断推理。文章第二段第二句She was sometimes out of tune,

19、 as when she tried to devise metaphors that were self-consciously literary (there is a basin in the mind where words float around)提到了Hurston的写作风格，喜欢用暗喻的手法，选项C符合题意。5.考察判断推理。文章最后一段第二句话She happened to know best how to exemplify this theme by writing about the lives of Black women in the American South,

20、 which in itself is cause for neither praise nor blame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通过描写美国南部黑人妇女的生活来例证这一主题，而这本身既不值得赞扬，也不应该受到指责。由此可知作者认为没有必要将注意力过多放在Hurston写的人物身上。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Most people in the modem world （ ）freedom and independence more than anything else.问题1选项A.illuminateB.fascinateC.cherishD.embody【答案】C【解析】考察

21、动词词义辨析。 illuminate “阐明，说明”； fascinate “使着迷，使神魂颠倒”；cherish “珍爱”；embody “体现，使具体化”。句意：在现代社会里，大多数人最珍惜的事自由和独立。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题His constant attempts to （ ）his colleagues achievement eventually caused his dismissal.问题1选项A.withdrawB.diminishC.restrainD.confine【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。withdraw “收回，取回”；diminish “减少，减损

22、”；restrain “遏制，管制”；confine “限制”。句意：他不断尝试贬低他同事的成就，最终导致他被解雇了。选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题Throughout our lives, we will have to make many decisions. Some will be small and unimportant, but others, such as where to go to school, which career to pursue, and whether or not to buy a house, will be important. It is this

23、type of decision that we must be very careful about making. In my opinion, a person should never make such an important decision alone.Our reason for my opinion is that I believe two heads are better than one”. When we have an important decision to make we can benefit from the advice and experience

24、of others. In addition, just talking the issue over with someone else might help us to see aspects of the problem we had not considered before. Another reason for not making big decisions alone is that often these decisions do not affect only us. If someone else is going to be affected by the decisi

25、on, for example, our spouse or business partner, that person should be able to voice his opinion and take part in the decision-making process.【答案】在我们的一生中，不得不做出很多决定。有的是一些很小且不重要的决定，但有的比如去哪里上学，选择哪种职业，是否买房都是一些重要的决定。这些都是需要我们慎重做出决定的。在我看来，一个人不可能单独做这些决定。我之所以这么认为是因为我相信“三个臭皮匠赛过一个诸葛亮”。当我们做一个重大决定时，可以从他人的建议和经历中得

26、到启发。并且与他人交流时可以帮助我们自己看到我们之前没看到的那一面。为什么不单独做决定的另一个原因是这些决定影响的不仅仅只有我们。如果其他人会受到这个决定的影响，比如我们的配偶或者合作伙伴，那么他们有权说出自己的看法并且参与到决策的过程中。8. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimatin

27、g likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,

28、inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing mangers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opp

29、osite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a

30、 problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits

31、of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for

32、 reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an al

33、most instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act

34、 first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty o

35、f many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often par

36、t of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways except to（ ）.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?3.It can be referred from the

37、text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?5.Which of the following best des

38、cribes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?问题1选项A.speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.B.identify a problem.C.bring together disparate facts.D.stipulate clear goals.问题2选项A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis

39、.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.问题3选项A.Manager X analyzes fir

40、st and then acts; Manager Y does not.B.Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to

41、a problems Manager X does not.问题4选项A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C.Managers intuition winks contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D.Intuition enables managers to empl

42、oy their practical experience more efficiently.问题5选项A.An assertion is nude and a specific supporting example is given.B.A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C.The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.D.Two opposing points of view are presented and evalu

43、ated.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第二段提到高级经理们有五种方式来使用直觉：1.他们直觉得感到有问题存在；2. 他们依靠直觉迅速做出训练有素的行为模式；3. 利用直觉来对图片进行加工，对碎片信息进行整合；4. 使用直觉来进行理性分析；5. 使用直觉来避开深入的分析并立即想出一个可行的方案。选项A符合第五点，选项B符合第一点，选项C符合第三点。因此，选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals th

44、at managers intuition is neither of these提到Isenberg调查发现经理们依赖于直觉既不是理性的对立面，也不是反复无常的借口。所以选项D “这些作者误解了在做商业决定时经理们如何使用直觉”符合题意。3.本题的题干是假设经理X使用直觉做决定，而经理Y使用正式的分析，他们最大的不同是下列哪个选项。文章倒数第二段提到直觉型经理认为思考与形容不可分割（One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable fro

45、m acting）。文章最后一句提到行为只是确定问题，而不是实施方案，因此选项C符合题意。4.文章提到直觉型的经理们认为想和做不可分割，高级经理们总是在不同的实际案例中学习更多解决问题的方法，然后利用这些实践得来的方法对问题进行更深入的了解（senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the iss

46、ue），选项D符合题意。5.文章第一段提到很多高级职业经理人不按照传统模式而依靠直觉（The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model ofRather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to），选项B符合题意。9. 单选题In the future the little priva

47、cy we now have will be gone. Some people call this loss of privacy Orwellian，harking back to 1984. George Orwells classic work on privacy and autonomy. In that book, Orwell imagined a future in which a totalitarian state used spies, video surveillance, and control over the media to maintain its powe

48、r. But the age of monolithic state control is over. The future were rushing toward isnt one in which our every move is watched and recorded by an all-known government. It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to pri

49、vacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of electronic information.The problem with the word privacy is that it falls short of conveying the really big picture. Privacy isnt just about hiding things. Its about self-possession, autonomy, and integrity.

50、 As we move into the computerized world of the 21 century, privacy will be one of our most important civil rights. But this right of privacy isnt the right of people to close their doors and pull down their window shades-perhaps because they want to engage in some sort of illicit or illegal activity

51、. Its the right of people to control which details about their lives stay inside their own houses and which leak to the outside.Todays war on privacy is intimately related to the recent dramatic advances in technology. Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we mu

52、st necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy. If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control.This trade-off is both unnecessary and wrong. It reminds me of another crisi

53、s our society faced back in the fifties and sixties-the environmental crisis. Then, advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development, jobs, and an improved standard of living. Poison was progress: anybody who argued otherwise simply didnt

54、 understand the facts.Today we know better. Today we know that sustainable economic development depends on preserving the environment. Similarly, in order to reap the benefits of technology. It is more important than ever for us to use technology to protect personal freedom.1.The passage indicates t

55、hat privacy is （ ）.2.In line 18, the underlined ”degree” most nearly means（ ）.3.Lines 18-20(If we.control”) primarily serve to（ ）.4.The statements in lines 24-25(poison facts”) is intended to represent the point of view of（ ）.5.The passage concludes by suggesting that if technology is to have a posi

56、tive effect on peoples lives, then（ ）.6.The author supports the idea that privacy can be protected（ ）.问题1选项A.less valued by people than it once wasB.difficult to maintain in the contemporary worldC.necessary for individual freedomD.a stumbling block to economic growth问题2选项A.stageB.sequenceC.measureD

57、.standing问题3选项A.introduce an additional pointB.discourage a course of actionC.question a decisionD.illustrate a preceding statement问题4选项A.big businessB.environmentC.the authorD.the public问题5选项A.individual rights must be expandedB.protective measures must be takenC.technological advances must be supp

58、ortedD.further research must be found问题6选项A.at a modest cost to most businessB.with the help of new technologiesC.without giving up valued servicesD.through appropriate government interventions【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未来，我们现在拥有的隐私都会消失（In the future the little privacy we now ha

59、ve will be gone.），未来将会有100台电子监视器不断监视和干扰我们的日常生活，对隐私的威胁根源于自由市场、先进的科学技术和电子信息交流（It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of

60、 electronic information）。选项B “隐私在当代世界很难维持”符合题意。2.题干中的单词出现在文章第三段第二句话Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy （今天很多人说，为了享受现代社会的好处，我们必须放弃一定隐私），由some这个词可以推测这里指的是“一定程度上的隐私”。选项C符合题意，表示“程度；测量”。3.文章第三段最后一句话If we want th

61、e convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control提到如果我们想要用信用卡支付餐费的方便，那么我们必须在一个我们无法控制的大型数据库中接受日常的采购收集。这个具体的例子是为了说明前文提到的“为了享受一些权益，我们必须放弃一定程度上的隐私”（Many people today say that in order to enjoy

62、the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy）。选项D符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段最后两句话提到大企业的拥护者认为有毒的河流和湖泊是经济增长必须的代价。毒药就是进步：那些反对的人是不了解这个事实（Then, advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development, jobs, and an improved

63、standard of living. Poison was progress: anybody who argued otherwise simply didnt understand the fact）。所以可以知道关于“毒药”这些观点是一些大企业的观点，选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到可持续的发展取决于保护环境。为了从技术那获得好处，利用技术来保护个人自由比以往任何时候更重要，因此，选项C “先进的技术必须得到支持”符合题意。6.文章中提到今天的隐私战争是由科学技术的发展引起的，也提到可以通过利用一些技术来保护隐私，选项B符合题意。10. 单选题（ ） drills that have no real topic have to remain as they are.问题1选项A.ManufactureB.ManipulativeC.ManipulateD.Manifest【答案】B【解析】考察形似词词义辨析。manufacture“制造”；manipulative“操作的；控制的”； m