2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis D

2、rake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy. Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most

3、 of England had become Protestant. King Philip of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again.To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Englands theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1

4、586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that hi

5、s Amada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable. The Spanish feet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. English ship

6、s in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning

7、 ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet

8、suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recogniz

9、ed the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.1. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spains _.2. King Philip recruited many _ soldiers and sailors.3. The _ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.4. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _.5. The Armada was _ o

10、n one side.问题1选项A.unlimited powerB.unrestricted growthC.territoryD.treaties问题2选项A.warlikeB.strongC.accomplishedD.timid问题3选项A.completeB.warlikeC.independentD.isolated问题4选项A.open to changeB.triumphantC.open to attackD.defeated问题5选项A.closed offB.damagedC.aloneD.circled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1

11、.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题

12、意。因此A选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Although some of his shi

13、ps lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad

14、 weather forced it back to port.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所

15、以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题I worked so late in the office l

16、ast night that I hardly had time _ the last bus.问题1选项A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.having caught【答案】B【解析】考查目的状语。在整个句子中，过去时态体现在谓语动词上，根据语境，没有时间赶上最后一班公交车，表明横线部分为目的状语，不需要体现时态，所以A选项to have caught和D选项having caught不符合题意，同时sb. have time后面的目的状语用to do，所以B选项to catch符合题意。C选项catching表示伴随状态，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17、3. 单选题This is the house _ last year when I was in this city.问题1选项A.about that I wrote to youB.that I wrote to youC.about which I wrote to youD.which I wrote to you【答案】C【解析】考查后置定语从句。句子主干是this is the house，横线和last year部分是修饰house的定语从句，根据短语write about sth.得出about放在先行词前，定语从句中，介词后面用which不用that，所以C选项about

18、which I wrote to you符合题意。句意：这就是我去年在这个城市时写信告诉你的那所房子。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题His parents _, the orphan is now taken care of by the government.问题1选项A.have diedB.deadC.dyingD.having died【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：因为他的父母已经去世，这个孤儿现在由政府照顾。独立主格结构句子中作状语，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。在这里His parents主动die，所以用现在分词，动作发生在之前且对现在有影响，用现在完成时，

19、D选项having died正确，其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题_ human behavior may be caused by eating substances

20、 that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain.问题1选项A.DeliberateB.ConsistentC.AbnormalD.Primitive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Deliberate“故意的；从容的”；B选项Consistent“一致的；坚持的”；C选项Abnormal“反常的”；D选项Primitive“原始的；简单的”。句意：_的人类行为可能是由于食用了破坏大脑中微妙的化学物质平衡的物质而引起的。根据语境，大脑化学物质失衡会导致人和平时不同，Abnormal“反常的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7. 单选

21、题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系。此句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。8. 单选题Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a chi

22、ld rarely dislikes food （1） It is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child （2） he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow （3） else to do s

23、o. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables, in the childs hearing he is （4） to copy this procedure. Take it （5） granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a

24、good （6） to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as （7） as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child （8） meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not （9） him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he

25、 will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under （10） circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.问题1选项A.ifB.untilC.thatD.unless问题2选项A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which问题3选项A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody问题4选项A.willingB.possibleC.obligedD.likely问题5选项A.withB.asC.

26、overD.for问题6选项A.pointB.customC.ideaD.plan问题7选项A.muchB.littleC.fewD.many问题8选项A.onB.overC.byD.during问题9选项A.agreeB.allowC.forceD.persuade问题10选项A.someB.anyC.suchD.no【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B【解析】1.词义辨析题。A选项if“如果”；B选项until“直到”；C选项that“那个”；D选项unless“除非”。句意：孩子往往喜欢食物，_做得很难吃。结合语境

27、，可知横线前后是转折关系，所以unless“除非”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查词义辨析。A选项whether“是否”；B选项what“什么”；C选项that“那个”；D选项which“哪一个”。句意：永远不要问孩子_喜欢或不喜欢某种食物。根据语境，这里指不要问孩子喜不喜欢某种食物，whether“是否”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查名词辨析。A选项everybody“每个人”；B选项anybody“任何人”；C选项somebody“有的人”；D选项nobody“没有人”。句意：永远不要在他面前讨论好恶，也不允许其他_这样做。根据语境，这里指也不允许别人这样做，anybody“任何人”

28、符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.考查词组辨析。A选项be willing to“愿意做某事”；B选项be possible to“有可能做到某事”；C选项be obliged to“有义务做某事”；D选项be likely to“做某事有可能性”。句意：如果父亲说他讨厌肥肉或母亲不吃蔬菜，孩子听到后就会_模仿这个行为模式。根据语境，这里指孩子有可能会模仿父母，所以be likely to“做某事有可能性”符合题意。因此D选项正确。5.考查固定搭配。D选项take it for granted“把当成理所当然”为固定搭配，其余选项不能构成固定搭配。句意：你可以想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他很可能会喜

29、欢的。因此D选项正确。6.考查名词辨析。A选项point“观点”；B选项custom“习惯”；C选项idea“主意”；D选项plan“打算”。句意：吃饭的时候给孩子一小份饭是很好的_。根据上下文，文章在讲的是如何让孩子不再挑食，并且给了不同的方法，所以idea“主意”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项much“许多的”，修饰不可数名词；B选项little“很少的”，修饰不可数名词；C选项few“几乎没有的”，修饰可数名词；D选项many“许多的”，修饰可数名词。句意：让他回来再吃一份，而不是给他很可能一次就吃完的一样_。根据语境，这里指的是不要孩子能吃多少，就一次性给孩子多少

30、，食物是不可数名词，所以much“许多的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8.考查介词辨析。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项over“在之上”；C选项by“到之前”；D选项during“在期间”。句意：吃饭时间不要对孩子说太多话。根据语境，这里是指吃饭期间不要对孩子说太多话，所以during“在期间”符合题意。因此D选项正确。9.考查动词辨析。A选项agree“同意”，不及物动词，agree with sb.；B选项allow为“允许；给予；认可”之意时是及物动词，为“容许；考虑”之意时是不及物动词；C选项force“强迫”；D选项persuade“劝说”。句意：并且不要_他饭后立即离开餐桌。根据

31、语境，这里指不允许孩子吃完饭立刻离开餐桌，allow“允许”符合题意及语法。因此B选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项some“某些的”；B选项any“任何的”；C选项such“这样的”；D选项no“没有”。句意：在_情况下都必须哄诱或强迫孩子吃东西。根据语境，这里指在什么时候都要让孩子吃东西，any“任何的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题All the doctors efforts were _ and the patient soon died.问题1选项A.in tearsB.in vainC.in turnD.in all【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in tear

32、s“流着泪”；B选项in vain“无效”；C选项in turn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项in all“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是_，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力没有成功救回病人，in vain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 翻译题除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成是宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆盖。在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。因为我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，什么地方都有。然而部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费，在当今世界的许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。它已经是一个不可置之不理的严重问题。【答案】In

33、 addition to the dry period, people have never regarded water as a valuable natural resource. It is true that water is not a rare thing in the world. Seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by water. In the city with reliable water supply system, few people feel water shortage. We take it f

34、or granted that water is no more valuable than air and can find water everywhere. However, partly because of the increase in population, and partly because of the terrible waste, water supply has become a big challenge in many parts of the world. This is a serious problem that can not be ignored.11.

35、 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据be based on确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合be said to加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项have been based正确。12. 单选题Did you know that you could be

36、sting on a fortune without even realizing it? If youre like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.Thats exactly why Tony Hyman, Ed.D., one of Americans top ten authorities on collectibles (收藏品) and the host of the #1 radio

37、antiques and collectibles call-in Q & A show, wrote his book Trash or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to make money for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,” sa

38、ys Anita Gold, one of the countrys foremost columnists on collectibles. “Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”Elsie Gordon, from Florida, made $250 by going through the trash after her husband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts a

39、nd oily manuals shed rescued might be worth $10.Theres only one way to know you if what you have is trash or treasure. You have to ask a qualified expert. Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200 specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.Trash o

40、r Treasure, which has sold nearly 250,000 copies, is the only book of its kind. For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction. All you have to do is fill out Sell-A-Gram included with the book.T

41、rash or Treasure gives you all the information you need to trade in your trash for cash. Lets face it. You cant afford to pass up that opportunity.1. What does “authored” (Par. 2, last sentence) mean?2. From what Anta Gold said we can infer that _.3. What does “dust-gatherers” (Par.5, last sentence)

42、 mean?4. Which of the following is NOT included in the book?5. This text is likely to be _.问题1选项A.Been an authority on.B.Authorized.C.Given up the right to.D.Written.问题2选项A.you may lose a lottery ticket but you wont lose this bookB.you may spend money and get nothing back when you buy a lottery tick

43、er but you can always get something back when you buy this bookC.you may be late for getting money from a lottery ticket but you cant when you buy this bookD.you may not do as well as others when you buy a lottery ticket but you will be as good as anybody else when you buy this book问题3选项A.Things on

44、which dust gathers.B.People hired to help clear away the trash.C.People employed to empty the dustbin.D.Things one collects when gathering up trash.问题4选项A.Where the specialty buyers are located.B.What might be of value.C.When the specialty buyers handle transaction.D.Who would buy valuable collectib

45、les.问题5选项A.a preface to a bookB.a book reviewC.advice provided by the social servicesD.an advertisement【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。authored意思为“写作；编写”。根据第二段最后一句who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles（写了另外11本关于出售收藏品的书），这里authored搭配books，D选项“写”比较符合语境，也和authored词义相近。A选项“是某方面

46、的权威”，B选项“批准，授权”和C选项“放弃权利”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,”“Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”（“垃圾还是宝藏可以让你变得富有，”“这比买彩票好你不会因为拥有这本书而失去什么。”），文章写的是卖废品为财富，运用这本书的内容会让人增加财富，更不会因为这本书失去什么，所以B选项“你可能花了很多钱买彩票，却什么也得不到，但是如果你买这本书，总会得到些什么”正确。A选项“你可能会

47、失去一张彩票，但不会失去这本书”，C选项“可能买彩票你来晚了，但是买这本书不会晚”和D选项“如果你买彩票，可能不会像他人一样优秀，但是如果你买这本书，就会和其他人一样优秀”不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段最后一句Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.（这就是为什么海曼博士的书是无价的：它直接把你带到1200个专业买家面前，而他们正在积极

48、地寻找你的灰尘收集器。），这些专家专门收购垃圾，所以D选项“收集垃圾的东西”符合题意。A选项“积灰尘的东西”，B选项“受雇帮助清理垃圾的人”和C选项“被雇佣来清空垃圾箱的人”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第二句For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction.（因为它不仅告诉你你拥有什么可能有价值的东西，还告诉你把它卖给

49、谁，他们在哪里，以及如何处理交易。），可知这本书的内容有A选项“专业买家的所在地”，B选项“可能有价值的东西”和D选项“谁会买有价值的收藏品”，C选项“专业买家什么时候处理交易”不包含在内。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍了Trash or Treasure这本书，也介绍了这本书的作者和内容，而没有对这本书的评价，所以A选项“书的序言”正确。B选项“书评”、C选项“社会服务机构给的意见”和D选项“广告”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1

50、选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题The African students _ snow before they come to Shij

51、iazhuang.问题1选项A.have never before seenB.couldnt before seeC.would never before seeD.have not before seen【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：非洲学生来石家庄之前从未见过雪。根据谓语动词see的动作发生在以前、并且对现在有影响确定用现在完成时，A选项have never before seen符合题意。其余选项时态错误。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.w

52、hich went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题John _ better than to go swimming right af

53、ter eating.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项should have known符合题意。A选项shall know中shall意思为“将要”，不符合题意。B选项shouldnt know不符合题意。因此D选项正确。17. 翻译题Almost all our major probl

54、ems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (1) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral

55、science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human, nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (2) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items of

56、ten seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (3) The role of natural sel

57、ection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be under

58、stood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are s

59、trongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (4) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and theyre essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific an

60、alysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning values. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve

61、 our problems.【答案】1难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。2行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。3自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。4自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。5（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。18. 翻译题1. To produce the same amount of electricity, China consumes four times as much energy as the world average. Since the outset of this century, increasing productivity while conserving energy has been one of the