2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期

《2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期（29页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题He has been（ ）a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.问题1选项A.employingB.exertingC.endeavoringD.aspiring【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。exert pressure on.表示“给施加压力”。句意：他对我施加了很大的压力，要求我改变主意。结合句意，故B为正确答案。2. 单选题（ ）to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of

2、 the continent are still covered with thick forests.问题1选项A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B选项 access “出口，接近，进入”，常与to搭配；C选项 procession “行列，队伍，前进，推移”；D选项 voyage “航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地区仍然很难进入，因为该大陆的某些地区仍然被茂密的森林所覆盖。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。3. 单选题We sincerely hope you

3、 will soon be（ ）to health.问题1选项A.restoredB.recoveredC.returnedD.renewed【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。restore （to） “恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。4. 单选题Under the reign of the dictatorial powers, all the periodicals to which the library（ ）must be scrutinized by a committee o

4、f censorship.问题1选项A.subscribesB.contributesC.subtractsD.rakes【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribe to “预订，同意，订阅”。句意：在独裁政权统治下，图书馆订阅的所有期刊都必须接受审查委员会的审查。根据句意可知A为正确答案。5. 单选题He was（ ）from the competition because he had not complied with the rules.问题1选项A.forbiddenB.barredC.disqualifiedD.excused【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: for

5、bid “禁止，指禁止某人进入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B: bar “禁止，指用障碍物阻止或禁止”；C: disqualify “取消的资格”；D: excuse “原谅”。句意：他被禁止参加比赛，因为他没有遵守比赛规则。结合句意，故C为正确答案。6. 单选题Mechanization has gradually（ ）many of the ranching and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.问题1选项A.dis

6、posedB.eliminatedC.discardedD.terminated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: disposed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discarded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很少吸引到工业。结合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。7. 单选题Murovyovka Nature Park, a private nature reserve, is the result of the vision and d

7、etermination of one man, Sergei Smirenski. The Moscow University Professor has gained the support of international funds as well as local officials, businessmen and Collective farms.Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmer

8、s how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Two Wisconsin farmers, Don and Ellen Padley, spent last summer preparing land in Tanbovka district, where the park is located，and they will return this summer to plant it.Specialists from the University of Utah

9、 also came to study the local cattle industry, looking to develop possibilities for beef exports to Japan.Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the summer in the district running summer camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lectures on the nature around them.Th

10、ese programs, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some support from the United States, including funding from the MacArthur Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the US Agency for International Development. The Trust for Mutual Understanding and the Weedier Foundation are als

11、o supporting the International Crane Foundations work in creating the park.The World Bank is funding a small project to study the possibilities for ecotourism in theAinu basin region. Delta Dream Vacations, a Delta Airlines subsidiary, is looking into flights to Khabarovsk and Vladivostok for ecolog

12、y tours, with some of the money going to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.But this money has also generated a jealous attempt by the local wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.They said, Give us their money, and well do it b

13、etter, Smirenski says. They went to the local court to get a court order to halt the contract. Although they were successful at that level, the Atom regional government, with encouragement from Moscow, has already moved to reverse the decision as illegal.I dont pay attention to this negative side. S

14、mirenski says characteristic optimistic fashion. I decided we should continue to create.Beyond Murovyovka, there are even vaster grasslands and wetlands in the Amur basin that are vital nesting areas for rare birds such as the eastern white stork, and the red-crowned, white-napped; and hooded cranes

15、. A complex of 100,000 hectares, for example, lies largely unprotected in Zhuravalini literally a place for cranes downstream from MurovyovkA.Creation of a national park, along for tourist use, has been proposed for this area.A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional

16、 governments by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and ChinA.For example, the cranes that nest in Russia have been tracked by satellite to wintering grounds in Izumi, on Japans southern Kyushu

17、 IslanD.This linkage has proved useful bringing regional officials from both countries together.Last summer, 100 Japanese school children from the Tama region outside of Tokyo came to Khabarovsk on the Amen to experience the kind of untouched nature that has disappeared from Japan. As part of the ex

18、change, the Mayor of Tama donated 26 secondhand fire trucks to his counterpart.After this the mayor of Khabarovsk said, Now I will listen to you, about your birds and all your problems. Recounts Smirenski. Now the officials understand what cranes mean to them.1.A probable goal of the agricultural pr

19、oject is to（ ）.2.Summer camps in the area will（ ）.3.Projects connected with the development of the nature park are（ ）.4.The zapovedniks appear（ ）.5.The passage implies that projects like Murovyovka（ ）.问题1选项A.reduce pollution in reserve farmlandsB.induce United Nations cooperationC.learn how local fa

20、rms are operatedD.import new breeds of farm animals问题2选项A.be designed for foreign visitorsB.be educationalC.attract scientists and ecologistsD.house field laborers and their families Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE问题3选项A.self sustainingB.narrow in scope and visionC.attracting

21、 world-wideattentionD.amassing scientific data问题4选项A.eager to support the Nature ParkB.opposed to outside fundingC.envious of the Parks successD.to have legal jurisdiction of the area问题5选项A.face insurmountable financial problemsB.take too much from local residentsC.increase the need for fire engines

22、D.can promote international cooperation【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词agricultural project定位到原文第二段“Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmers how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides an

23、d chemical fertilizers.”，中文翻译：由于他的努力，农业项目也在进行中，是为了建立一个试验性农场，教当地农民在不使用大量杀虫剂和化肥这一传统方法的情况下如何耕作。综合考虑，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词summer camps定位到原文 “Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the summer in the district running summer camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lect

24、ures on the nature around them.”，中文翻译：另外，10名新泽西学校的教师将在该地区为当地儿童举办夏令营，这些夏令营将强调实地考察和关于周围大自然的讲座。因此最佳答案为B选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位到原文 “These programs, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some support from.”，中文翻译：“这些项目，特别是农业项目，正得到多方支持，如”可以推断出答案选择C。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词zapovedniks定位到原文 “with some of th

25、e money going to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.”中文翻译为：部分资金将用于支持该地区的zapovedniks(仅用于科学研究的野生保护区)。以及文章中“But this money has also generated a jealous attempt by the local wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.”，中文翻译为：这笔钱也引起了当地野生

26、动物机构的嫉妒，以阻止穆罗维约夫项目。可知，C项符合题目描述。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional governments by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and China.”，中文翻译为

27、：保护战略的一个关键点是通过让地方政府认识到这种国际支持的自然项目能够建立商业和其他联系，特别是与日本和中国这样的国家建立联系，从而获得 区域政府的支持。可知。D选项正确。8. 单选题You dont have to install this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析题。A选项 excessive “过多的，过分的，额外的”；B选项 optional “可选择的，随意的”；C选项 additional “另外的，附

28、加的，额外的”；D选项 arbitrary “任意的，武断的，独裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新车上安装收音机，它是可选的配件。结合此处语义，B选项正确。9. 单选题The boys smoked（ ）because they feared they would be scolded by the parents.问题1选项A.on the slyB.on the sideC.to the pointD.on the spot【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A: on the sly “秘密地；暗地里”；B: on the side “作为副业；秘密地；非法地” ; C: to the poin

29、t “中肯，扼要”；D: on the spot “当场；现场；在现场”。 句意：因为他们害怕父母责骂，所以这些男孩偷偷抽烟。根据后文：because they feared they would be scolded by the parents.可知A符合语境，为正确答案。10. 单选题It was with great delight that I read in your February（ ）the letter to the editor written by Prof. Johnson.问题1选项A.issueB.printingC.magazineD.copy【答案】A【解析】

30、考查名词词义辨析。A: issue “（报刊或杂志）期刊” ；B: printing “印刷;印刷术”；C: magazine “杂志”；D: copy “一份；复制品”。句意：非常高兴拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载有关约翰逊教授致编辑的信。结合此处语义，A为正确答案。11. 单选题An ideal college should be a community, a place of close, natural, intimate association, not only of the young men who are its pupils and novices in various li

31、nes of study, but also of young men with older men, with mature men, with veterans and professional in the great undertaking of learning, of teachers with pupils, outside the classroom as well as inside it. No one is successfully educated within the walls of any particular classroom or laboratory or

32、 museum; and no amount of association, however close and familiar and delightful, between mere beginners can ever produce the sort of enlightenment which the young lad gets when he first-begins to catch the infection of learning. The trouble with most of our colleges nowadays is that the faculty of

33、the college live one life and the undergraduates quite a different one. They constitute two communities. The life of the undergraduates is not touched with the personal influence of the teachers: life among the teachers is not touched by the personal impressions which should come from frequent and i

34、ntimate contact with undergraduates. This separation need not exist, and, in the college of the ideal university, would not exist.It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural

35、daily intercourse will beestablished between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely

36、 associated with all modern achievementonly by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that yo

37、u find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is practical and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books, but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think

38、.The present and most pressing problem of our university authorities is to bring about this vital association for the benefit of the novices of the university world, the undergraduates. Classroom methods are thorough enough; competent scholars already lecture and set tasks and superintend their perf

39、ormance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies: is almost entirely dissociated from intellectual interests.1.Successful education is the acquiring of knowledge from（ ）.2.The teacher

40、and the student do not understand each other much because （ ）.3.The teacher and the student（ ）.4.Man tends to think because（ ）.5.It is found that a student does not often make the most use of（ ）to make life more worth living.问题1选项A.classrooms, laboratories and museumsB.all sources availableC.intimat

41、e association between beginnersD.experienced scholars问题2选项A.they do not live togetherB.they do not often try to exchange ideas, emotions and experiencesC.they do not respect each otherD.they have different standards of education问题3选项A.can actually live in each others lifeB.can live together in the s

42、ame placeC.can play equally wellD.can discuss freely every day问题4选项A.he has read a lotB.he is interested in the subjectC.he knows how others may feelD.he wants to learn问题5选项A.classroom methodsB.tasksC.his school knowledgeD.his performance【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段提出观点：理想校园应该是多样的，

43、而且没有人在任何特定的教室、实验室或博物馆内接受过成功的教育。校园里的分离是不需要存在的，并且在理想大学的学院中也不存在。因此判断只有B项“成功的教育是从知识中获取的”符合文意。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “The trouble with most of our colleges nowadays is that the faculty of the college live one life and the undergraduates quite a different one. They constitute two communities. The life of

44、the undergraduates is not touched with the personal influence of the teachers: life among the teachers is not touched by the personal impressions which should come from frequent and intimate contact with undergraduates.”，中文大意为：现在我们大多数大学的问题在于，学院的教职员工过着一种生活，而本科生则完全不同。他们构成了两个社区。大学生的生活不受教师的个人影响，教师之间的生活不

45、受来自与大学生频繁、亲密接触的个人印象的影响。由此可知B选项“他们通常不会交换想法、情感和经验”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第二段中 “It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it”，中文翻译为：我们完全有可能把大学的生活组织起来，使学生和教师都能参与其中。以及下文 “It is only by such an organization that they can b

46、e given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is”，中文翻译为：只有通过这样的组织，才能使大学这种严格地培养人的地方真正充满朝气，才能使他们成为共同生活的团体，年轻人在其中会充分认识到脑力劳动是多么有趣。综合而知，A项“能真正活在彼此的生活中”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “It is in conversati

47、on and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is practical and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books, but they are gen

48、erally made thoughtful by association with men who think.”，中文翻译为：正是与学者的交谈和自然交流，你会发现知识是多么生动、知识与一切有趣和重要的事物是多么紧密相连，它是这些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切实用的以及与当今世界有关的事物密切联系的一部分。人们并不总是通过书本来思考，但是通常与善于思考的人交往能使人善于思考。可以得知D选项“他想了解”正确。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章尾段 “Classroom methods are thorough enough; competent scholars already lectur

49、e and set tasks and superintend their performance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies: is almost entirely dissociated from intellectual interests.”，中文翻译为：课堂教学方法足够彻底；有能力的学者已经讲课，设定任

50、务并监督他们的表现；但是，普通本科生的课外生活以及与导师的其他约定并没有受到他学习的太大影响：几乎完全脱离了他的智力兴趣。因此C选项最符合。12. 单选题My（ ）is for wild flowers rather than cultivated ones.问题1选项A.inclinationB.favoriteC.preferenceD.fondness【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: inclination “意向；倾向；爱好”；B: favorite “特别喜爱的人（或物）”；C: preference “喜好；偏好；偏爱”；D: fondness “喜欢；喜爱”。 句意：我偏

51、爱野生花而不是栽培花。根据语境和句意，这里含有比较级结构，因此C最合适。13. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing （1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the seA.Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, t

52、he rivers of the Northwestern United States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）, because the salmon , （6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon b

53、y（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing has further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders,（9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble（11）the ladders. Often they（12）their

54、 deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Sa

55、lmon are also being（16）into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and（17）an undesirable fish. The Cohoes（18）so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan（19）Cohoes are being planted in

56、 other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and（20）of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about-问题4

57、选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.ever sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequen

58、tly问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.findingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting问题16选项A.invadedB.introducedC.foundD.given问题17选项A.live onB.feed

59、inC.feed uponD.feed back问题18选项A.activateB.growC.thrivedD.developed问题19选项A.in whichB.thatC.whereD.which问题20选项A.objectivesB.planningC.inventionD.arrangement【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:B【解析】1.考查词组。此处大意为：每年商业捕鱼都会从海里收获超

60、过10亿磅的三文鱼。结合句意得知正确答案为A:result in “导致；引起”。2.考查词汇。此处大意为：急不可耐的 _ 渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。最符合语境句意的选项为B，与eager搭配最为合适的是sports娱乐”，即“消遣性渔民”。3.考查词组。本句大意为：秋季，美国西北部的河因三文鱼而热闹起来。come alive “热闹起来，活跃起来”，只有A选项合适。4.考查介词。本句大意为：三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。根据句意，C项为最佳答案。5.考查逻辑关系。结合前文的yet“然而”可知此处表达的是现在与过去的对比，最符合语境句意的选项为D“ever before 以

61、前”。6.考查词义。根据上文far fewer salmon可知三文鱼的整体数量减少，结合句意，最佳答案为B population“（生物）种群；数量” 。7.考查词义。rob sb./sth.of sth. “剥夺某人/物所需或应得之物”，本句句意为：水污染夺走了许多三文鱼的氧气，使它们死亡。因此最佳答案为C。8.考查词义。前文谈及“水污染杀死了很多三文鱼”，结合上下文及空格之前的内容，判断出最佳答案为A。9.考查短语。A: make up for “弥补；补偿”；B: make up to sB.“献媚；奉承”；C: make up “编造；化妆”；D: be made up of表示“由

62、构成”。此处大意为：由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯，因此答案为D。10.考查副词，此处大意为：建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能（ ）游过大坝，结合上下文语义，最符合的答案应是选项B“安全地”。11.考查搭配和语义。根据前文have trouble in doing sth.可知答案在CD两项中，结合句意，判断出正确选项C。12.考查词组。根据前文大意，游入海洋的小鱼在发现梯子方面有些困难判断出后半句是说明这种结果，因此A选项和后文构成“fall to their deaths over the dam”为最佳答案，意为“掉到大坝上而摔死”。13.考查逻辑关系。此处后文大意为：“生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加三文鱼 的数量”，空格处应起到连接的作用，结合句意，最佳答案为D