2022-2023年考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, that this en

2、tirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! Hed hav

3、e to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform

4、. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obta

5、in details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station o

6、r a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or

7、a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities,We must not forget, cither, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or

8、 can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which arc in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service t

9、hey perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the perso

10、nal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!1.What is main idea of this passage?2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is（ ）.3.Why do the critics cri

11、ticize advertisers?4.Which of the following is Not True?5.The passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Advertisement.B.The benefits of advertisement.C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D.The costs of advertisement.问题2选项A.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.问题3选项A.Because advertiser

12、s often brag.B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.D.Because customers pay more.问题4选项A.Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.B.We can buy what we want.C.Good quality products dont

13、 need to be advertised.D.Advertisement makes our life colorful.问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Criticism.D.Argumentation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段引出广告这个话题，接着在接下来的段落从不同的角度讲述了广告给人们带来的便利，表面上看似乎是在讲广告的优点，但实际上是在讲述广告服务于社会的功能，而且第一段实际上也有提到广告的缺点，不全是在讲述广告的优点，所以选项C更为恰当。2.观点态度题。A选

14、项appreciative“赞赏的”；B选项trustworthy“信任的”；C选项critical“批评的”；D选项dissatisfactory“不满意的”。根据原文可知，作者所提到的大多是广告积极的一面，说明作者对其的态度是赞赏的，所以选项A正确。选项B“信任的”有点言过其实，毕竟作者在第一段也提及了广告的缺点，所以谈不上信任依赖，选B不正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段的一、二句“Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critic

15、s seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. 广告商往往好高骛远，也许这就是他们总是招致批评的原因。批评者似乎对他们（广告商）很气愤，因为他们擅于自我推销，而且有很多钱可以用来挥霍。”由此可知，批评者批评广告商是因为广告商喜欢吹嘘，所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. 广

16、告为我们的口袋做出了积极的贡献。”可知，选项A正确；第二段提及“广告可以提供信息，我们对家庭用品的了解很大程度上来自我们读到的广告”，也就是说我们可以买到自己想买的东西，所以选项B正确；选项C“高品质的产品不需要广告”在文中没有提及；选项D“广告使我们的生活多姿多彩”，在原文第三段的时候提及，符合原文。所以本题选C。5.判断推理题。A选项Narration“叙事”；B选项Description“描写”；C选项Criticism“批判”；D选项Argumentation“议论”。文章首段就是对广告的批评，后面再通过对比的手法说明广告的功能，所以选项C正确。2. 单选题Popular in the

17、 UK are the older ruins at the castles edge, known as “the abbey”: Two small cells,（ ）with ivy, crumbling and open to the sky.问题1选项A.strewnB.loadedC.permeatedD.crammed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项strewn“撒满的，散播的”；B选项loaded“载着重物的”；C选项permeated“弥漫的，遍布的”，多指气味弥漫或液体渗透；D选项crammed“挤满的”。句意：在英国很受欢迎的是城堡边缘的古老废墟，被称为“修道院”

18、：两个小隔间，散布着常春藤，摇摇欲坠，朝向天空。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题I would do anything for her except（ ）what she cooks.问题1选项A.to eatB.eatC.eatingD.eaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词的形式。句意：我可以为她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的饭。Except在这里表示并列关系，前面是would do，后面同样也是用动词原形，所以选项B正确。4. 单选题Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other invest

19、ment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for w

20、hy so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuab

21、le than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of c

22、hoices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated

23、 and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20

24、 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.1.The author argues that educating girls in d

25、eveloping countries is（ ）.2.By saying “the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling .” (Para. 2), the author means that（ ）.3.The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when（ ）.4.What does the author say about womens education?5.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.troubleso

26、meB.labor-savingC.rewardingD.expensive.问题2选项A.girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB.girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC.girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD.girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home问题3选项A.women care more abo

27、ut educationB.girls can gain equal access to educationC.a family has fewer but healthier childrenD.parents can afford their daughters education问题4选项A.It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B.It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C.It will yield greater returns tha

28、n other known investment.D.It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.问题5选项A.unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB.the potential earning power of well-educated womenC.the major contributions of educated women to societyD.the economic and social benefits of e

29、ducating women【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文首段第一句“Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. 在发展中国家，为女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项exp

30、ensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect. 这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价

31、值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Few will dispute that educating women has great social be

32、nefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. 几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。5. 单选题It was obvious that much of what they had re

33、corded was far from（ ）.问题1选项A.the truthB.trueC.accuracyD.factual【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。far from the truth意为“远非事实”。句意：很明显，他们所记录的大部分都不是事实。所以选项A正确。6. 单选题If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become（ ）.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.degeneratedC.suppressedD.ext

34、inct【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deteriorated“恶化的”；B选项degenerated“退化的”；C选项suppressed“被抑制的”；D选项extinct“灭绝的”。句意：如果不采取措施保护环境，今天存活的数百万物种将会灭绝。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substitute in their place（ ）superficial relati

35、onships（ ） passing acquaintances.问题1选项A.forwithB.withwithC./withD.withfor【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。句意：现代社会改变了人们之间的自然关系，放松了对亲人和邻居的责任，取而代之的是萍水相逢的表面关系。根据句意可知，superficial relationships在句中做后置定语，所以前面不需要用介词，而passing acquaintances在句中做伴随状语，所以用介词with，故选项C为正确答案。8. 单选题Many（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.person

36、B.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。9. 写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words to express your own opinions on the following topic:How to Protect Intellectual Property Rights in Doing Academic Resear

37、chNotes: In the first part of your writing, you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e. your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks w

38、ill be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略10. 单选题The problem with（ ）biological inventions unlike, say, guns and explosives is that once released, they can breed by themselves.问题1选项A.viciousB.fero

39、ciousC.maliciousD.malevolent【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”，强调的是“狂暴的；残酷的”；B选项ferocious“残忍的，惊人的”，强调的是“暴力的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的，怀恨的”，强调的是怀有恶意的；D选项malevolent“恶毒的，坏心肠的”，强调的是“人的心肠坏”。句意：与枪支和爆炸物等不同，恶毒生物的发明，其问题在于，一旦被释放，它们可以自行繁殖。这里是指怀有恶意的生物学上的发明，所以选项C更符合语境。11. 翻译题B. Translate the following sentences from C

40、hinese into English. (3x5)1.我们既要绿水青山，也要金山银山。宁要绿水青山，不要金山银山。.我们绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。2.国际社会也期待中美关系能够不断改善和发展。中美两国合作好了，就可以做世界稳定 的压舱石、世界和平的助推器。3.我们相聚在世界经济版图持续变化和全球增长动力大转型的重要时刻。这一转变带来挑战和不确定性，同时也蕴含机遇。【答案】1.We want clear water and green mountains, and we also want prosperity and wealth. We want the former

41、rather than the latter. .we must never sacrifice the ecological environment for the temporary economic development.2.The international community also expects the continuous improvement and development of China-US relations. When the US and China work together, we can be an anchor of world stability

42、and a propeller of world peace.3.We also met at a time of continued shifts and profound transformations in the configuration of the global economic landscape and dynamics for growth. With these transformations come challenges and uncertainties as well as opportunities.12. 单选题The car engine may（ ）as

43、we go up the hill.问题1选项A.extinguishB.stallC.ceaseD.start【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。13. 单选题Love is the most melodious of all harmonies and the sentiment of love is innate. Woman is a delightful instrument of pleasure, but it is

44、 necessary to know its trembling strings, to study the position of them, the timid keyboard, the fingering so changeful and（ ）which befits it.问题1选项A.viciousB.unrulyC.maliciousD.capricious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的”；B选项unruly“任性的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的”；D选项capricious“反复无常的”。句意：爱是所有和声中最悦耳的，爱的情感是与生俱来的。

45、女人是令人愉悦的乐器，但你必须知道它颤动的琴弦，研究它们的位置，了解羞怯的键盘，以及适合它的喜怒无常的指法。填空处所填的词应该和changeful意思相近，所以选项D正确。14. 单选题To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply（ ）she did not know.问题1选项A.to the point thatB.to the effect thatC.to the extent thatD.to the sense that【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项to the point that“到.程度

46、”；B选项to the effect that“大意是，意思是”；C选项to the extent that“达到的程度以致；就来说”；D选项to the sense that没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。15. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese. (10%)Interest in basketball in the United States peaks around three big championship events in the spring: the co

47、llege championships for men and women in late March or early April and the professional playoffs that climax in June. But that s only organized basketball. Informally, the game has been learned by generations of American youths on city playgrounds and schoolyards, on lonely baskets put up in backyar

48、ds of rural homes and on the driveway basketball courts of countless suburban homes.【答案】美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到顶峰。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上,一代代的美国青少年在学习打篮球。16. 单选题Mr. Gore says the increasing（ ）of bush fires in Aus

49、tralia is an example of how quickly the climate is changing.问题1选项A.viciousnessB.ferocityC.maliciousnessD.malevolence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项viciousness“邪恶，恶意”；B选项ferocity“凶猛，残忍”；C选项maliciousness“恶意”；D选项malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈尔说，澳大利亚越发肆虐的丛林大火是气候变化速度之快的例证之一。这里是指火势很猛，所以选项B符合句意。17. 单选题In a society where all

50、aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence .Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might c

51、ome to an economic depression, and our people would suffer provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without

52、 the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed

53、perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their reve

54、lations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.B

55、ecause of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.1.In the first paragraph the author implies that we（ ）.2.The author uses health care and vaccines to ill

56、ustrate（ ）.3.Nothing，according to the author ,can match the invention of the computer in term of （ ）.4.The author seems to be unhappy about（ ）.5.The authors tone in the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards

57、 of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific advances问题2选项A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society问题3选项A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsD.complexity问题4选项A.peoples ignorance of their cultureB.people

58、s ignoring the amenities of scienceC.peoples making no contributions to societyD.peoples misunderstanding of scientific advances问题5选项A.criticalB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxical【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists,

59、 biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline (没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降)，由此推断C项“有了科学，我们的生活水平才得以提高”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。第二段开头指出：Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is fou

60、nded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances(医疗保健是社会的一个方面，它将我们与古老的祖先区分开来，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上)，后面又以疫苗为例，其实是为了论证本文主题：科学对社会的重要性。故选B项。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：此外，科学已经发明出也许是世界历史上最令人敬畏、最重要的发明计算机。没有这台机器，世界的确可以存着，但是计算机给生活带来的便利是无与伦比的。因此C项“益处，用处”正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第二段开头指出：尽管如今的创新者和科学家奉献了他们的伟

61、大成就和成果，但我们有必要审查（重视）科学带来的便利，这在我们的文化中往往是被公然漠视的。后面作者又举例说明是科学家们发明了灯泡、电、电话等必需品。因此，B项“人们忽视了科学带来的便利”正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。作者通篇都在强调科学对我们的意义和重要性，通过“science is the essence of our existence”以及“ Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的语气是感激的，欣赏的。故选C。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5

62、题:18. 单选题None of this is（ ）surprising, nor are these questionable industry machination limited to the frenzied search for the so-called pink pill.问题1选项A.at the leastB.the leastC.the least bitD.in the least bit【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at the least“无论如何”；B选项the least“最少”；C选项the least bit“半点，毫厘”；D选项in the least bit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题The report includes a tale of how an honorable man pursuing honorable goals was afflicted with（ ）and led his nation towards catastrophe.问题1选项A.pride