2022-2023年考博英语-西安交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第7期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西安交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Passage 1对于阿尔茨海默(Alzheimers)病来说, 那是个重要的星期。美国公共广播公司(PBS) 播出了一部有关阿尔茨海默病的优秀纪录片遗忘。此外, 科学界喜讯频传, 给众多与病魔做斗争的家庭以及即可能患病的生育高峰出生的一代带来了希望。虽然目前还没有治愈的办法, 但科学家们在若干前沿领域的研宄取得了新的成果。包括大剂量服用维生素；联合治疗和大脑成像技术等。Passage 2渴望提高效率的人们总是以克服浪费时间的习惯作为起点, 但我却认为那是错误的。培养个人习惯来的要慢一些, 首先要明确目的。如果你没有

2、明确目的, 只是尝试用高效的习惯去排挤无效的习惯, 那结果只有失败。你需要一个宏大的, 有吸引力的目标来激发自己。能从工作时间时挤出15分钟的原因, 就是因为你由于更好的利用这15分钟产生的激情。Passage 31957年发射的第一颗人造卫星使美国大为震惊, 并促使他们釆取行动。在这一过程中, 美国人提出了卫星导航系统的构想, 并称其为GPS。它彻底地解决了在地球这个三维空间中如何确定位置的问题。GPS技术己被用于各种活动, 但其最高机密是其作为钟表的价值。和银行、电讯、甚至电力网等相关的对时间要求较高的一些作业己越来越依赖GPS。Choose ONLY ONE passage from t

3、he following passage and translate it as well as you can. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. If more than one translation appears on your answer sheet, only the first or the indicated one would be scored.【答案】2. 单选题Of all figures from Americas past, Abraham Lincoln is dearest to the hearts o

4、f the American people. In fact, the admiration they have for him borders on worship. Writers note that the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC is not unlike the temples that ancient Greeks built in honor of their goods, and that annual ceremonies of celebrating Lincolns birthday in schools and public

5、 places have sometimes had characteristics of religious services. Certainly Lincoln is Americas ideal of a great leader. He had many of the quality of leadership that Americans admire.First of all, Lincolns career fits popular American belief that every child can dream of becoming president. America

6、ns admire the personthe one who, with neither money nor family influence, fights his or her way to the top. Lincoln was bom of poor parents. His mother died when he was young. He had little opportunity for schooling. His early study was done alone at night by the light of a fireplace. He did hard ma

7、nual labor through the daysplitting rails for fences, taking care of livestock, working on riverboator in store. But as he grew older he studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. His ability finally made a name for him and eventuall

8、y he became president of the United States.Lincoln is also admired because of his leadership during the difficult period of the Civil War. He dared to do what he thought was right at a time when his beliefs were unpopular with many people. He, in a sense, represents the spirit of union among the sta

9、tes. Before the Civil war, the economy of the South depended on an agricultural system which made use of slave labor. When reformers in the northern states, put pressure on Congress not to permit to secede or withdraw, from the United States, they argued that the question of slavery was a matter for

10、 the individual states to decide rather than the federal government, and they did not want to accept its decision. The national government said that no state had the right to secede, and the Civil War was the result. If the south had won the war, what is the Unites States might well have been divide

11、d into several countries. Lincoln worked hard to preserve the union, and the northern states were victorious.Furthermore, Lincoln had many personal qualities that made him dear to the hearts of his country man. He had infinite patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him. As president, he

12、 appointed men to high government positions whom he considered most capable, even though some of them openly scorned him. He was generous to his opponents. There are many stories about his thoughtful treatment of southern leaders. When the war was over, he showed the South no hatred. Since generosit

13、y toward a defeated opponent is admired by Americans, Lincoln fitted the national idea of what is right.Shortly after the Civil War ended, Lincoln, was shot while attending a play in Washington Theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was al

14、most unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long. Lincolns body was taken by train back to his former home in Spri

15、ngfield, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed, the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed bells rang in honor of the dead president. Citizens lit torches along the railroad track to show the

16、ir last respects.The circumstances of his death set Lincoln apart from other American leaders. Had Lincoln lived, it might well be that his postwar policies would have brought criticisms upon him that would have tarnished his popularity. Instead, an assassins bullet erased in the minds of Americans

17、any faults he had and emphasized his virtues.1.What are the aspects that made Lincoln ideal of a great leader?2.Lincolns beliefs used to be（ ） .3.From the last paragraph it could be inferred that（ ） .4.From the second paragraph we learn that （ ） .5.Lincoln came from a city named （ ） .6.How many pers

18、onal qualities are mentioned in paragraph 4?7.The word “assassin” means （ ） .问题1选项A.Lincolns career and familyB.Lincoln was self-made personC.Lincolns leadership during the difficult period of the Civil WarD.His career, leadership, generosity and right time of death问题2选项A.unpopular with many people

19、during the period of the Civil WarB.a self-made personC.worshippedD.popular with the American people问题3选项A.American people like those who are generous to their opponentsB.A president must be like a presidentC.Lincolns death was at a right time to himD.Lincoln is still popular with the American peopl

20、e问题4选项A.a person who fights his or her way to the top will be presidentB.Americans believe that everyone can be president if he has abilityC.a self-made person will succeedD.its a piece of cake to be president of the United States问题5选项A.WashingtonB.SpringfieldC.IllinoisD.not mentioned问题6选项A.3B.4C.5D

21、.6问题7选项A.helperB.assistantC.soldierD.killer【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D【解析】1.结合全文内容可知, 本文从多个方面讲述了林肯受人们爱戴的原因, 选项D最能全面概括, 其他选项都只是一个方面。2.根据第三段的第二句“He dared to do what he thought was right at a time when his beliefs were unpopular with many people.”可知, 林肯的信仰过去在内战期间并不受大多数人的欢迎, 选项A符合原文。3.根据最后一段

22、可知, 如果林肯还活着, 很可能他的战后政策会给他带来批评, 损害他的声望。相反, 暗杀者的子弹抹去了美国人心中他的所有缺点, 并强调了他的美德。由此可知, 客观上来说, 林肯的死亡是在一个恰当的时机, 选项C正确。4.根据第二段的第二句“Americans admire the personthe one who, with neither money nor family influence, fights his or her way to the top.”美国人欣赏那些, 既没有金钱也没有家庭影响, 却能通过奋斗达到顶峰的人。也就是说, 美国人相信只要有能力, 每个人都能成为总统。选

23、项B正确。5.根据第五段倒数第二句“Lincolns body was taken by train back to his former home in Springfield, Illinois,.”林肯的遗体被火车运回了他在伊利诺斯州斯普林菲尔德的老家。由此可知, 林肯来自于Springfield这个城市, Illinois是州, 所以选项B正确。6.根据第四段“He had infinite patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him.”“He was generous to his opponents.”可知, 本段

24、提到了林肯的3个个人品质, 选项A正确。7.根据原文可知, 这里指林肯遭到暗杀, 所以选项D正确。3. 单选题Since the first settlers from England had arrived in Virginia in the seventeenth century, independence for the United States was a long time coming. But even if England had not given the colonies cause for rebellion, there would probably have be

25、en a separation from the mother country, for the roots of American independence lay in the character of the American colonists. Any people who would willingly forsake the comforts and safety of the Old World to wrest a home from the wilderness in the raw New World would never take kindly to a rein o

26、n their liberties. And England assuredly did stir the colonists to rebellion by its Writs of Assistance, Stamp Act, and tax on tea. Further, many of the colonists had never seen England, either being descendants of English settlers or coming from families rooted in other nations; thus, the ties to E

27、ngland were tenuous at best.As with any explosive situation, however, it took a single act to ignite the powder keg. The light for the fuse was supplied when Englands taxed tea was thrown overboard from ships in Boston Harbor in December of 1773 in what is called the Boston Tea Party. England demand

28、ed payment, and its Boston Port Act proposed to close the harbor until the tea was paid for. With this, all thirteen colonies flared. They saw, clearly, that Bostons fate could be their own, and that Bostons fight was their fight. Alone, no colony could prevail against England. Together, they had a

29、fight chance. The movement to unite began at an unofficial session of the Virginia House of Burgesses on May 27, 1774. By September of this same year the First Continental Congress met and forced the nucleus of a union. The delegates agreed to boycott British goods. Before the Second Continental Con

30、gress could hold its first meeting on May 10, 1775, the American Revolution had begun. With the shots exchanged between the colonists and the British at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the nation exploded into war. By June the Americans had an army with George Washington as its commander in

31、 chief. By spring of 1776 all thirteen colonies delegates to Congress felt keenly the mandate of the people. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in June and formed a committee to draw up a Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson was appointed by the committee to draft the Decla

32、ration. The Declaration as we know it today was unanimously adopted on July 4, and was signed on August 2, 1776.The Declaration of Independence contained five of the most earthshaking words ever written, “.all men are created equal.” Not since the signing of. Englands Magna Carta in 1215 had such an

33、 astonishing idea found its way into the public consciousness. The document has often been confused with a declaration of war, which it definitely was not, since was had existed before July 4, 1776. It was primarily a statement of the reasons to the world of the colonists for wishing independence fr

34、om England: As the world took heed, the phrase “. all men are created equal” stuck in mens minds and could not be dislodged. The fervor for freedom flamed in France where that nations first great revolution began in 1789, fought under the banner of “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.” Later, Preside

35、nt Abraham Lincoln was to say, “I have often inquired of myself what great principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of the Colonies from the motherland; but that sentiment in the Declaration of Independence which gave liberty,

36、 not alone to the people of this country, but, I hope, to the world, for all future time.”1.According to the first paragraph, the separation from England was （ ） .2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?3.The word boycott in the second paragraph most probably means （ ） .4.What can you learn from the la

37、st paragraph?5.We can infer that （ ） .6.The word document in line 3 of the last paragraph refers to（ ） .7.The word motherland refers to（ ） .问题1选项A.inevitableB.avoidableC.doomed to failureD.reconcilable问题2选项A.The thirteen states used to be colonies of England.B.Thomas Jefferson was appointed to draft

38、 the Declaration of Independence.C.The Declaration of Independence was actually a declaration of war.D.George Washington was the commander in chief of the American army.问题3选项A.To be willing to acceptB.To hesitate to takeC.To breakD.To refuse to buy问题4选项A.The Declaration of Independence contained all

39、 men are created equal.B.Abraham Lincoln spoke highly of the document.C.The Declaration of Independence has a far-reaching influence on the world.D.People were frightened by the five words.问题5选项A.Boston Tea Party started the movement of independenceB.the Declaration of Independence was drafted in 12

40、15C.England wanted to make money by governing the colonistsD.Thomas Jefferson became a writer ever since he wrote the Declaration of Independence问题6选项A.Englands Magna CartaB.Declaration of IndependenceC.an astonishing ideaD.way into the public consciousness问题7选项A.AmericaB.UnionC.ColoniesD.England【答案

41、】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“But even if England had not given the colonies cause for rebellion, there would probably have been a separation from the mother country.”即使英国没有激发殖民地的起义, 美国也很可能会从英国分裂出去, 也就是说, 美国的独立是无法避免的。选项A正确。2.根据最后一段第三句“The document has often been confused with a

42、 declaration of war, which it definitely was not,.”可知, 选项C不正确。3.根据上文可知, 波士顿倾茶运动是殖民地对英国感到不满, 由此引发殖民地团结起来反抗英国。所以, 他们对英国的商品是抵制的态度, 选项D最符合原文语境。4.根据最后一段的内容可知, 选项A是原文中的事实；选项C中根据林肯总统说的hope可推断出独立宣言暂时只是对美国产生了深远的影响, 还没有影响到世界；选项D表述错误；选项B林肯总统对独立宣言给予了高度的评价, 符合原文。5.根据第二段前半部分可知, 波士顿茶党是对殖民地进行反抗, 没有涉及到独立, 所以选项A不正确；根

43、据原文可知, 独立宣言是于1776年起草的, 1215年颁布的是英国的大宪章, 所以选项B也错误；选项D在文中没有提及；选项C英国想通过统治殖民者来赚钱, 正确。6.根据上下文可知, 人们常常将这个文件和宣战书混为一谈, 实际上它并不是。由此可知, 这个文件指的是独立宣言7.根据原文可知, 这里指美国从英国独立出来, 所以“motherland”指的是英国, 选项D正确。4. 单选题Her white blouse was terribly （ ） with ink as the ink bottle overturned and spilt over.问题1选项A.markedB.merge

44、dC.stainedD.colored【答案】C【解析】mark标志, 做记号；merge合并, 融合；stain被污染, 玷污；color粉饰, 给.涂颜色。根据句意可知, 这里指她的白衬衫被墨水污染, 所以选项C正确。5. 单选题For centuries coal has been one of the most important fuels, and it still is, although it is less important now than it once was. Other fuels, notably petroleum and natural gas, are r

45、eplacing it. But coal is still widely used for domestic heating and in power stations for generating electricity. Enormous quantities of coal are made into gas, and for use in metal-smelting furnaces, and elsewhere. And coal provides valuable raw materials for the chemical industry, too. But here ag

46、ain, petroleum and natural gas are supplanting coal.We mine coal from the ground, just as we mine minerals and ores. The deposits may lie on or just below the surface or deep underground. It is in coal-mining that the greatest advances in mining methods have taken place. Continuous mining machines h

47、ew the coal from the coal face, where once the miners slaved. Lengthy conveyor systems convey away the hew coal. Diesel and battery locomotives haul wagons along miles of underground tunnels.We tend to call coal a mineral, too. But there is a great difference between coal and, say, iron ore. Iron or

48、e is inorganic in origin, being formed as a result of inorganic, or non-living processes inside the Earths crust. Coal, on the other hand, is organic in origin, being derived from plants which once lived on the surface. It consists mainly of carbon. The actual proportion of carbon varies from one ty

49、pe of coal to another.Most of the coal in the world is derived from plants that grew in the Carboniferous Period of the Earths history, which lasted from about 350 million to about 280 million years ago. During this period whole regions of the Earth were covered in swamps, in which lived gigantic fe

50、rns and trees. The plants died and fell into the swamps. Bacteria acted upon the dead vegetable matter and caused it to decay. As time went on, the decomposing vegetable matter became covered with mud and clay, and then more plants grew, died, decayed, and so on. In places layer upon layer of decaye

51、d plant remains built up, sandwiched between mud and clay sediments. In time the Earths crust folded this way and that; heat and pressure changed the sediments into rock and forced out most of the water from the decayed matter, which changed into coal. Thus were the coal measures formed.Not all the

52、coal was subjected to the same degrees of heat and pressure. Therefore there are different kinds of coals. Peat is not really a true coal, but it represents the first decomposition stage in the coal-forming process. Lignite, or brown coal, represents a further state in the process. It contains a lit

53、tle less moisture, and somewhat more carbon than peat. Next there is bituminous or soft coal, the most plentiful of the coals. It has a high carbon content and contains little moisture. The final product of the coal-making process is anthracite, or hard coal, which is over nine-tenths carbon and con

54、tains scarcely any moisture at all.1.The word supplanting in line 6 of paragraph 1 most probably means（ ） .2.The second paragraph is mainly about （ ） .3.Whats the difference between coal and iron ore?4.From the passage, we know that （ ） .5.What is the main topic of this passage?6.Paragraph 4 deals w

55、ith （ ） .7.According to the passage, there are（ ） types of coal.问题1选项A.supplementingB.supplyingC.replacingD.providing问题2选项A.difference between coal and iron oreB.the deposit of coalC.mining machineD.generating electricity问题3选项A.They are different in originB.They are different in appearance.C.They ar

56、e different in colonD.They are different in mining methods问题4选项A.coal is just used for domestic heating.B.iron ore is organic.C.both coal and iron ore are important fuels.D.coal is less important than it once was.问题5选项A.The applications of coalB.The applications and formation of coal.C.Classificatio

57、n of coal.D.Coal is less important than it once was.问题6选项A.the process of coal formationB.the changes of coalC.the classification of coalD.the carbon in coal问题7选项A.4B.6C.8D.10【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A【解析】1.根据原文句意可知, 石油和天然气正在取代煤炭。supplementing补；supplying供应, 充；replacing更换, 替代；providing提供

58、。选项C与之意思相近, 所以正确。2.根据第二段的内容可知, 本段主要是讲开采煤矿的过程, 其中重点描述的是开采器械, 所以选项C正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知, 煤和铁矿有很大的区别。铁矿的来源是无机的, 是地壳内部无机或无生命的过程。煤的来源是有机的, 来自曾经生活在地表的植物。由此可知, 它们的来源不同, 选项A正确。4.根据第一段第一句“it is less important now than it once was.”可知选D符合原文；选项A和B表述错误；选项C在文中没有提及。所以本题选D。5.结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲煤炭的应用与形成。选项B最能概括全文。6.第四段最后一句

59、“Thus were the coal measures formed.”为本段的中心句, 本段主要是讲煤的形成过程, 选项A正确。7.根据原文最后一段可知, 煤有四种：peat, lignite（brown coal）, bituminous（soft coal）, anthracite（hard coal）, 注意连词“or”的使用就能快速找出答案, 选项A正确。6. 单选题April the 3rd was the day we attempted to reach Mount Everest. The morning saw us ail up and rushing about th

60、e bungalow at daybreak. We bumped down the nine miles of dusty track, each clutching a camera or one of the more delicate instruments to our chests in an endeavor to make our bodies absorb as many of the shocks from the bump track as possible. The ground staff was already busy on our arrival. The sh

61、eds where the aircraft were kept had been opened and the great machines were being manhandled out onto the tarmac. The bottles of oxygen were carefully placed in their clips and connected to the system. The vertical cameras were titled and tested, and air frames and engines were inspected and tested

62、 in every detail.Pilots and observers fussed around their equipment, trying on many times before readjusting straps, electric leads and oxygen feed pipes that had already been adjusted to a nicety. They then rechecked the charts which had been carefully prepared to allow accurately for the increasin

63、g wind speeds during the climb all trying to keep themselves occupied during that tense half-hour wait for the return of the reconnaissance machine.There had been so much preparation for this flight, and there was still so much of the unknown about it, that the crews could not help being slightly affected by the general excitement. Waiting is always unpleasant, and we were all relieved to see the reconnaissance machine diving down through t