2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第46期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Though she was not a professional writer, she became an （ ）member of the Writers Association.问题1选项A.honourB.honourableC.honouredD.honorary【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。honour “荣誉”；honourable “诚实的，正直的”；honoured “荣幸的”；honorary “名誉的”。 句意：尽管她不是职业作家，她还是成为了作协的名誉会员。D项符合题意，答案D2. 单选

2、题Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into all our cars, because our first（ ）is bringing you pleasure for years to come.问题1选项A.prestigeB.benefitC.privilegeD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige威信； benefit 利益，好处； privilege 特权；priority 优先考虑的事情。句意：熟练的技术人员和先

3、进的技术使我们能够为我们所有的车提供很好的质量保证，因为我们把给您将来的日子带来快乐放在第一位。由空格后的内容可知D选项符合句意，答案D。3. 单选题Though he views himself as a realist, Cetron says his findings make him very（ ）about future.问题1选项A.optimisticB.sympatheticC.objectiveD.precautious【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 optimistic “乐观的”； sympathetic“有同情心的”； objective“客观的”；precautio

4、us“警惕的，谨慎的” 。句意：尽管认为自己是一个现实主义者，Cetron称他的发现让自己对未来非常乐观。由转折词Though 及realist “现实主义者”可知空格处所填单词意思应与realist相反，现实主义者一般对未来不持乐观态度，故选项中“乐观的”正确，答案A4. 单选题Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio and electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pa

5、stD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。via 经过，通过，凭借； amid在中间；past 越过，超过； across穿过，横穿。句意：电信的发展使消息通过电视、收音机和电子邮件的传递得以实现，爆炸式地向人们传递大量信息。由空格后的内容可知，此空意为通过的方式，答案A 。5. 单选题The author of the report is well （ ）with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.informedC.enl

6、ightenedD.advised【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉；使认识”，常与with连用；inform “通知，报告”，常用搭配be informed of ；enlighten“启蒙、教导”；advise“建议，劝告”。句意：这篇报道的作者非常了解医院的问题，因为他在这家医院已经工作很多年了。A项符合题意，答案A6. 单选题A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources- and labor supply-all these were important （1）in helping En

7、gland to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But they were not enough. Something（2） was needed to start the industrial process. Thatsomething special was men（3） individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The

8、men who（4） the machines of the Industrial-Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were（5） inventors than scientist. A man who is a（6） scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.An

9、 inventor or one interested in applied science is（7） trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a（8） result: the construction of a harv

10、esting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives.Most of the people who（9） the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made t

11、heir inventions（10） a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.问题1选项A.reasonsB.factorsC.situationsD.cases问题2选项A.similarB.elseC.nearD.extra问题3选项A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivatingD.creative问题4选项A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled问题5选项A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse问题6选项A.genuineB.pra

12、cticalC.pureD.clever问题7选项A.seldomB.usuallyC.sometimesD.never问题8选项A.singleB.specializedC.specificD.sole问题9选项A.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offered问题10选项A.becauseB.whileC.ifD.as【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:C第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。reason 和factor 放在这里都符合逻辑，由空格后面的介词in，可知应选factor 。reaso

13、n一般接 for或者why引导的从句。故答案B第2题:考查形容词辨析。此句句意为还需要一些其他的东西，something else其他的东西，答案B第3题:考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“invent machines”可知此空应填“具有创造力的”，generating 产生的；effective 有效的； motivating 激发的；creative 创造性的。第4题:考查动词辨析。句意：在工业革命中发明这些机器的人。故答案B第5题:考查固定搭配。句意：发明机器的人大部分是发明家，而不是科学家。 morethan是而不是 答案C第6题:考查形容词辨析。根据“primarily interest

14、ed in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.主要对自己的研究感兴趣。他不一定是为了利用他的研究成果而工作。”可推知这种科学家是纯粹的科学家。genuine 真正的，真实的； practical 实际的；pure纯粹的；clever 聪明的。答案C第7题:考查副词辨析。根据下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B第8题:考查形容词辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是获得特定的某种结果。”由空格后的举例可知他是为了获得某种特定的结果而工

15、作。答案C第9题:考查动词辨析。 句意：工业革命时发明了这些机器的人大都是发明家而非科学家。答案B第10题:考查连词辨析。 句意：即使是那些没有受过科学专业训练的人，如果没有之前科学家们做出的基础工作，他们也不可能发明这些东西。所以应填if。答案C7. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.aviatorC.aversionD.avocation【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation “航

16、空，飞行术”； aviator “飞行员”； aversion “厌恶，反感”；avocation “副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C8. 单选题Under this （ ）pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.问题1选项A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的； bulky庞大的，笨重的；intense极度的，强烈的，剧烈的。句意：在

17、这种高强度的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“some of the rocks even became liquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力，故答案C9. 翻译题很多情况下人们谈话时，总是争着表现自己，这类交谈对双方鲜有裨益。当人们谈话时，不要花时间思考你接着要说什么，而要设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说了那些话，你从那些话中能学到什么，你对说那些话的人又能了解到什么等等。长辈们成长的世界和你成长的世界迥然不同，那个世界也许你不大了解。他们和来自我国其他地区及其他国家的人们都有重要的观察事物的方法，它们可以丰富你的生活。【答案】In many cases, people i

18、n a conversation often strive to reveal oneself, such conversation will have few benefits to each other. During a conversation, dont spend the time thinking about what youre going to say next, instead try to understand what theyre saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn f

19、rom them, etc. Older people grow up in a world which is very different from yours, you may not know very well about that world. Both them and people from other parts of our country as well as from other nations, have important ways of looking at things which can enrich your life. 10. 单选题Recently a n

20、umber of cases have been reported of young children （ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。modify “修改，更正”；duplicate “复制”；accelerate“使加快”； stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒体对儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为事件进行了大量报道。B项符合句意，答案B11. 单选题You cannot be （ ）

21、careful when you drive a car.问题1选项A.veryB.soC.tooD.enough【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。can not too“再.也不为过”。句意：开车时你再怎么小心也不为过。答案C12. 单选题An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a （1）education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is（2） 一 required by law. It is not

22、 simply to（3） everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside

23、of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（4） it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（5） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimistic characteristic of all industrialized countries, we cam

24、e to accept that everyone is（6） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （7） this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook.（8） on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（

25、9） the job prospects of graduates over their educational （10）.问题1选项A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题2选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题3选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题4选项A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent问题5选项A.inB.atC.byD.with问题6选项A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able问题7选项A.consider

26、B.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell问题8选项A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking问题9选项A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge问题10选项A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查形容词辨析。由空前的“aims at getting a student a certain kind of job”知 C项正确。 info

27、rmal 非正式的； basic 基本的； technical技术的；expensive昂贵的。答案选C第2题:考查副词辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有规律地。 此处意为普及教育，故答案选B第3题:考查动词辨析。form形成；consist由 组成； arise出现；raise提高。 此处意为提升得到工作的机会（提升工作前景）答案选D第4题:考查名词辨析。 由attend school可知此处指“到了一定的上学年龄”。答案选B第5题:考查固定搭配。 by nature 天生地，生性，答案选C第6题:考查固

28、定搭配。responsible负责的；suitable合适的。此处意为：适合教育。 be fit to 适应，适合。 答案选A第7题:考查动词辨析。 consider认为，考虑；forget忘记；forsake放弃，断念；foretell预言，预示。由 “for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. 用与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观情绪来替代。”可知此处指代放弃了乐观的想法，故C项正确。第8题:考查固定搭配。bank on “依靠；依赖”知B项正确。第9题:考查动词辨析。由上文可知计算机支持者放弃了乐观的想法及the job

29、 prospects of graduates over可知计算机支持者重视就业，emphasizeover 更重视。答案选A第10题:考查名词辨析。academy学院； position位置，职位； degree程度，等级； achievement成就。对比可知 D项符合句意。句意：计算机教育倡导者重视就业前景而非教育成就。答案选D。13. 单选题（ ） the car accident, they would have arrived earlier.问题1选项A.Except forB.But forC.BesidesD.Save for【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。except fo

30、r除了以外；but for要不是； besides此外，而且；save for 保存为，除之外。句意：要不是那场车祸，他们可能早就到了。由下文they would have arrived earlier可知该句表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟。 but for +n/pron，用于虚拟语气。故答案B14. 单选题The manager gave her his（ ）that her complaint would be investigated.问题1选项A.consentB.conceptionC.assuranceD.insurance【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。consent 同意；c

31、onception概念，设想； assurance保证，担保； insurance保险。句意：经理向她保证会调查处理她的投诉的。由“her complaint would be investigated.” 可知此空意为“经理向她保证” C项符合题意。答案C15. 单选题No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; （ ）is this more true than in Europe.问题1选项A.hardlyB.littleC.seldomD.nowhere【答案】D【解析】考

32、查副词辨析。hardly “几乎不”；little “完全不”；seldom “很少”； nowhere “无处，任何地方”；句意：对电脑技术的贡献不再局限于某个国家，没有比在欧洲更能证明这一事实了。nowhere引导的是一个倒装句。This is no more. than. 没有比更，此句表明欧洲最能证明这一事实。D项符合句意，答案D16. 翻译题我们的国家走向现代化，最大的障碍，并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进， 但十几亿人口的整体素质是无法引进的，必须靠我们自己去提高。据约略估计，中国品牌约占国内冰箱和洗衣

33、机市场的90%,空调市场的70%-80%, 彩电市场的60%。在许多领域，产品质量有很大提高。中国一家主要的家电厂商，已经从价格转向以质量、高效销售和售后服务进行竞争。【答案】（1）On the way to modernization, the biggest obstacle to our country is not the shortage of natural resources, nor the lack of funds, still less the problem of technology, but rather the quality of over one billio

34、n people. Funds can be accumulated, technology can be created or imported, but the quality of such a large population, which cannot be introduced from abroad, should be improved on our own.（2）Its roughly estimated that Chinese brands approximately account for 90% domestic market share of refrigerato

35、rs and washing machines, with 70% to 80% of air conditioners, 60% of color TVs. In many fields, the quality of Chinese brand products has improved greatly. A major Chinese manufacturer of home appliances has oriented its competition from price to the quality of product, high effective sales and afte

36、r-sales service.17. 单选题To survive, psychologically as well as physically, human being must inhabit a world that is relatively free of ambiguity and reasonably predictable. Some sort of structure must be placed upon the endless profusion of incoming signals. The infant, born into a world of flashing,

37、 hissing, moving images, soon learns to adapt by resolving this chaos into toys and tables, dogs and parents. Even adults who have had their vision or hearing restored through surgery describe the world as a frightening and sometimes unbearable experience; only after days of effort are they able to

38、transform blur and noise into meaningful and therefore manageable experiences.It is commonplace to talk as if the world has meaning, to ask what is the meaning of a phrase, a gesture, a painting, a contract. Yet when thought about, it is clear that events are devoid of meaning until someone assigns

39、it to them. There is no appropriate response to a bow or a handshake, a shout or a whisper, until it is interpreted. A drop of water and the color red have no meaning, they simply exist .The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribu

40、tion of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action.People are never passive receivers, merely absorbing events of obvious significance, but are active in assigning meaning to sensation. What any event acquired in the way of meaning appears to reflect a transaction between what is there

41、to be seen or heard, and what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer.The diversity of reactions that can be trigg

42、ered by a single experience - meeting a stranger, negotiating a contract, attending a textile conference-is immense. Each observer is forced to see it through his own eyes, interpret it in the light of his own values, fit it to the requirements of his own circumstances. As a consequence, every objec

43、t and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. Each will accept sonic relations among the facts and deny others Each will arrive at some conclusion, tentative or certain, as the sounds and forms resolve into a te

44、mple or barn, a compliment or insult.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that （ ）.2.In order to assign meaning to anything in the world, one needs to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?4.The authors main purpose in writing this article is to （ ）.问题

45、1选项A.the world is bewildering to the infant and to the adult alike .B.surgery will restore a meaningful world to those who undertake itC.any response to the world would be impossible if meaning were not first assigned to itD.the world will be devoid of meaning if people fail to understand the specia

46、l incoming signals问题2选项A.have a full knowledge of the structure of the worldB.transform the incoming signals, with the help of previous experiences, so that they can serve ones own purposeC.differentiate incoming signals that are of significance and those that are notD.be endowed with creativeness问题

47、3选项A.Only visual images can be assigned meaningB.Incoming signals exist for the purpose of conveying meaning to peopleC.An individual might have to adapt himself to the diversified experience in this worldD.People may have different responses to the same incoming signal.问题4选项A.illustrate the differe

48、nt perspectives people may take in interpreting an experienceB.show that meaning is but a subjective matterC.demonstrate how we can assign meaning to the worldD.argue that one needs to have some insight to understand the world【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The aim of human perception

49、 is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action. 人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界; 意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“what the interpreter brings to it in the way o

50、f past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer. 这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“every object and message

51、is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. 每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective

52、. Each person will note some features and neglect others.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B18. 单选题We have invested （ ）80,000 in this project, but till now there is no hope for us to get a penny back.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.unexpectedlyC.approximatelyD.reluctantly【答案】C【

53、解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；unexpectedly “出乎意料地”； approximately “大约”；reluctantly “不情愿地”。句意：尽管我们已在这个项目上投资了大约8万英镑，但是直到现在我们拿回一分钱的希望都没有。C项最符合句意，故答案C19. 单选题Thousands of（ ）at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.问题1选项A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers【答案】

54、C【解析】考查名词辨析。audience听众； participant参与者； spectator观众，看客； observer观察者。句意：体育场内成千上万的观众起立，向这场出色的表演致敬。此句语境为去体育场观看表演，所以主体为观众。答案C20. 单选题The use of sound is widespread as （ ）of animal communicate on.问题1选项A.a meansB.waysC.a toolD.signals【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。a means方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向； a tool工具； signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is 单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A