2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第45期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Statistics regarding cigarette smoking are anything but encouraging. The Federal Trade Commission recently announced that in 1990 Americans purchased 628.2 billion cigarettes, an appallingly greater number than ever before. The average smoker consumed 11633 cig

2、arettes, of which 44.8 percent were low-tar cigarettes containing less than 15 milligrams of tar. In 1968 the average tar content was 22 milligrams.Despite the fact that every cigarette pack has a printed warning from the Surgeon General, those who still smoke are smoking more heavily. Many people h

3、ave forsworn smoking in fear of lung cancer. The American Cancer Society reports that death rates from lung cancer have escalated, whereas those for other major cancers have leveled off or declined. Last year 111000 Americans died of lung cancer, while it is estimated that 117000 will succumb this y

4、ear. Lung cancer heads the list in killing 35 percent of males who die from cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 17 percent of womens cancer deaths. An estimated 440000 deaths from cancer will occur this year, 9000 more than previous year. Lung cancer accounts for two thirds of the increase. Although ma

5、ny cancer patients have survived the disease, the prognosis for lung cancer patients is most disheartening. Ninety-one percent of all diagnosed cases of lung cancer do not survive.1. From the passage, we can infer that low-tar cigarettes _.2. We can infer from the first paragraph that average smoker

6、s smoke _.3. It is predicted that the number of deaths from lung cancer this year will be _.4. The percentage of womens lung cancer deaths is _.5. We may infer from the passage that lung cancer _.问题1选项A.reduce the dangers of smokingB.appeal to a majority of smokersC.cause lung cancerD.have the Surge

7、on Generals approval问题2选项A.less than they did in the pastB.more than they did in the pastC.the same as they did in the pastD.none of the above问题3选项A.reduced from the number last yearB.the same as the number last yearC.6000 more than last yearD.111000问题4选项A.equal to that of mens lung cancer deathsB.r

8、ising annuallyC.about half the percentage of mens cancer deathsD.an indication that women are not susceptible to lung cancer问题5选项A.can be treated effectivelyB.is incurableC.will cause cigarettes to be taken off the marketD.currently has no infallible cure【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“

9、减少了吸烟的危险性”，由原文The American Cancer Society reports that death rates from lung cancer have escalated, whereas those for other major cancers have leveled off or declined.（美国癌症协会报告称，肺癌的死亡率已经上升，而其他主要癌症的死亡率则趋于稳定或下降。）可知，吸烟的风险很高，会提升肺癌的死亡率，所以A错误。B选项“对大多数吸烟者有吸引力”，由原文The average smoker consumed 11633 cigarette

10、s, of which 44.8 percent were low-tar cigarettes containing less than 15 milligrams of tar.（吸烟者平均消费11633支香烟，其中44.8%是焦油含量低于15毫克的低焦油香烟。）可知，44.8%不是大多数吸烟者，所以B错误。D选项“得到了卫生局局长的批准”，由原文every cigarette pack has a printed warning from the Surgeon General（每个香烟包装上都印有卫生局局长的警告）可知，卫生局局长不赞成吸烟，所以D错误。C选项“导致肺癌”，由原文Man

11、y people have forsworn smoking in fear of lung cancer.（许多人因为害怕肺癌而发誓不再吸烟。）可知，吸烟会导致肺癌，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句The Federal Trade Commission recently announced that in 1990 Americans purchased 628.2 billion cigarettes, an appallingly greater number than ever before.（联邦贸易委员会最近宣布，1990年美国人购买

12、了6282亿支香烟，这个数字比以往任何时候都要高得惊人。），说明吸烟者的吸烟量比过去高得多。因此B选项“比过去多”正确。A选项“比过去少”，C选项“和过去相同”，D选项“以上都不是”均不符合原文，所以A, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Last year 111000 Americans died of lung cancer, while it is estimated that 117000 will succumb this year.（去年有111000名美国人死于肺癌，而据估计今年将有117000人死亡。），说明今年死于肺癌的人数将比去年多6000人。

13、因此C选项“比去年多6000人”正确。A选项“比去年的人数减少”，B选项“与去年的人数相同”，D选项“111000人”均不符合原文，所以A, B, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第五、六句Lung cancer heads the list in killing 35 percent of males who die from cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 17 percent of womens cancer deaths.（在死于癌症的男性中，有35%死于肺癌。肺癌占女性癌症死亡人数的17%。），说明女性肺癌死亡的比例约占男性癌症死亡

14、比例的一半。因此C选项“大约是男性癌症死亡比例的一半”正确。A选项“与男性肺癌死亡的比例相当”不符合原文，所以A错误。B选项“每年都在上升”，D选项“说明女性不容易患肺癌”在文中没有提及，所以B, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Ninety-one percent of all diagnosed cases of lung cancer do not survive.（91%的肺癌确诊病例无法存活。），说明现在的医疗水平无法治愈肺癌。因此D选项“目前没有无懈可击的治疗方法”正确。A选项“可以被有效地治疗”，B选项“是不治之症”不符合原文，所以A, B错误。C选项

15、“将导致香烟退出市场”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。2. 单选题The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling in adaptive rehabilitation. A few t

16、rial efforts, such as Ghirardelli square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urba

17、n scene.One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Bostons eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returne

18、d to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, com

19、mercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for nu

20、merous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonios leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What is the space

21、at Quincy Market now used for?3. According to the passage, Benjamin Thomson was the designer for a project in _.4. When was the Butler Square building originally built?5. What is the authors opinion of the San Antonio project?问题1选项A.During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for mo

22、dern use.B.Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.C.The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.D.Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.问题2选项A.Bostons new city hall.B.Sports and recre

23、ational facilities.C.Commercial and industrial warehouses.D.Restaurant, offices, and stores.问题3选项A.San FranciscoB.BostonC.MinneapolisD.San Antonio问题4选项A.In the eighteenth century.B.In the early nineteenth century.C.In the late nineteenth century.D.In the early twentieth century.问题5选项A.It is clearly

24、the best of the projects discussed.B.It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.C.The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D.The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出了翻

25、新旧建筑的现象，接着举了旧金山、波士顿、明尼阿波利斯市和圣安东尼奥市的例子，最后得出结论Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonios leaders rehabilitated existing structures（圣安东尼奥的领导人并没有动用推土机，而是修复了现有的建筑）。因此C选项“圣安东尼奥的例子表明，推土机不是解决城市废弃建筑的方法”正确。A选项“在20世纪70年代，许多城市的旧建筑被回收用于现代用途” 只是文章中提到的一个现象，不能作为文章主题，所以A错误。B选项“最近对生态问题的关注导致了许多河流的清理”，这是修复工作的

26、细节之一，不能概括文章主旨，所以B错误。D选项“政府的大力支持使适应性修复在波士顿成为现实”只是波士顿修复工作的细节之一，不能作为文章主题，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.（他为就餐、购物、专业办公室和步行提供了一个极好的环境。），说明昆西市场现在被用作餐厅、办公室和商店。因此D选项“餐厅、办公室和商店”正确。A选项“波士顿的新市政厅”，B选项“体育和娱乐设施”，C选项

27、“商业和工业仓库”均不符合文章内容，所以A, B, C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Bostons eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under

28、 the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson.（其中最全面的项目之一是1824年设计的波士顿18世纪法尼尔大厅和昆西市场的修复和改造在本杰明汤姆森的设计领导下，这些优秀的老建筑通过智能再利用而恢复了生机。），说明本杰明汤姆森设计的项目位于波士顿。因此B选项“波士顿”正确。A选项“旧金山”，C选项“明尼阿波利斯”，D选项“圣安东尼奥”均不符合文章内容，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its comp

29、lex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse.（明尼阿波利斯市的巴特勒广场体现了其复杂的办公空间、商业空间和公共设施的重大变化，它是在1906年设计成一个硬件仓库的一大堆建筑中改造出来的。），说明巴特勒广场的建筑最初是在1906年设计的，1906年是在20世纪初期。因此D选项“二十世纪初”正确。A选项“十八世纪”，B选项“十九世纪初”，C选项“十九世纪末”均不符合文章内容，所以A, B, C错

30、误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.（德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市为许多其他城市与城市废弃建筑作斗争提供了实物教训。），说明圣安东尼奥市项目可以作为典范为其他城市所效仿。因此B选项“这是一个可以在其他城市复制的好项目”正确。A选项“它显然是所讨论的项目中最好的一个”，C选项“推土机的大量使用使得这项工程成本很高”，D选项“在河流上所做的工作比在建筑物上所做的工作更重要”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C,

31、 D错误。3. 单选题From its birth in 1981 with just two employees, the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation had become one of the worlds largest sovereign funds, managing more than $100 billion in assets, with 900 employees in eight offices around the world. It is larger even than Temasek Holdings

32、, the governments better-known fund. Temasek gained attention with its $1.9 billion purchase of a controlling stake in Thailands dominant telecommunications company from the family of the countrys prime minister. That helped stir street protests that led to a coup dtat (政变) there last year.The stake

33、 was part of a broader expansion started in mid-2002 by the companys executive director, Ho Ching, formerly head of government-owned Singapore Technologies and wife of Singapores Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong. Aimed at reviving Temaseks financial performance in the wake of a recession, Temasek has

34、 since taken large stakes in banks as distant as India, China and the Standard Chartered Bank of Britain. Temasek says its investments are purely for financial purposes despite its ownership by the government. Nonetheless, it has run into political headwinds (逆风) in the region. An Indonesian court r

35、ecently ruled that it would have to sell one of the controlling stakes it holds, one directly and the other through a subsidiary, in the countrys two dominant cellular telephone companies.Over the last few years, Singapore has embarked on an aggressive effort to court private banks and their clients

36、 as a way of diversifying the economy as manufacturing jobs were shifting to China and Vietnam, turning the country into an Asian asset base. There are already at least 40 private banks with offices in Singapore, managing assets worth at least $150 billion. With many wealthy Europeans shifting asset

37、s to Singapore from Switzerland to take advantage of rapid Asian growth and avoid new withholding taxes in Europe, the European authorities have stepped up criticism of Singapores banking system, saying that Singapore needed to tighten controls against money laundering.Singaporean financial authorit

38、ies say they do not condone money laundering and recently stepped up fines against banks found to be involved in illicit financial activity. The Government Investment Corporation, known as G.I.C., is controlled by the state, and Singapores founding Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, is its chairman. His

39、son, the current prime minister, is deputy chairman. Tony Tan, its executive director, is a former deputy prime minister.Both Temasek and G.I.C. have aggressively recruited top international financial talent, and G.I.C. in particular has a reputation among bankers and analysts as a shrewd and powerf

40、ul investor. More than 40 percent of its employees are not Singaporean. Its investment panel includes Charles Ellis, chairman of the Yale University Investment Committee, and Robert Litterman, a managing director of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Despite managing public funds, G.I.C. does not publi

41、cize its holdings or returns. Last year on its 25th anniversary, Lee Kuan Yew offered the companys first financial disclosure, reporting that G.I.C. had averaged a 9.5 percent annual return in United States dollar terms over its lifetime.1. The passage mainly discusses about _.2. Form the first para

42、graph, it can be inferred that _.3. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Temasek Holdings?4. Many Europeans shift assets to Singapore due to the following reasons except _.5. The word “condone” most probably means _.问题1选项A.Singapores financial strategy in recent yearsB.conditions about t

43、he two large government funds in SingaporeC.the transformation or evolution of Singapores banking systemD.the close relation between Singapores financial system and the government问题2选项A.Singaporeans are against the purchase of controlling stake in Thailands telecommunications companyB.Singaporeans t

44、hink that Temaseks purchase is indeed a political dealC.Singaporeans think that Temaseks purchase will make them have a lossD.Thais are reluctant to let Temasek to control their telecommunications company问题3选项A.Temasek Holdings seems to be quite reluctant to interfere within the political issue of t

45、he countries it invests into.B.Temasek Holdings will sell one of the controlling stakes in Indonesian mobile telephone companies directly and through a subsidiary.C.Temasek Holdings conducts such expansion in order to change its depression.D.Temasek Holdings has not only subtle relations with Singap

46、ores political elite, but also those of neighboring countries.问题4选项A.they want to invest into Asia so as to gain more profitsB.they want to conduct money laundering by tactically avoiding taxesC.they want to carry out illegal financial activity in AsiaD.they think the investment environment in Europ

47、e is not attracting问题5选项A.encourageB.allowC.remitD.permit【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章主要分析了新加坡两大政府基金的情况，同时也提到了新加坡的金融策略、经济转型问题，但主要还是围绕这两大基金来谈论的。因此B选项“新加坡两大政府基金的情况”符合文章主旨。A选项“新加坡近些年来的金融策略”，C选项“新加坡金融系统的转型或发展”，D选项“新加坡的金融系统与政府之间的密切关系”只是文章某一部分的内容，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定

48、位到文章第一段最后一句That helped stir street protests that led to a coup dtat there last year.（这引发了街头抗议，并导致了去年的政变。），说明泰国人不愿意让淡马锡控制他们的电信公司。因此D选项“泰国人不愿意让淡马锡控制他们的电信公司”正确。A选项“新加坡人反对购买泰国电信公司的控股股权”，B选项“新加坡人认为淡马锡的收购行为实际上是有政治意向的”，C选项“新加坡人认为淡马锡的收购行为会给他们带来损失”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“淡马锡基金看起来非常不愿意干涉它所投资国家的政治事务”在原文

49、中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“淡马锡会将自己在印度移动电话公司的控股股权直接和通过子公司的方式卖出”，由原文one directly and the other through a subsidiary（一种为通过其子公司控股）可知，它是直接通过子公司来控股，而不是卖出股份，所以B错误。D选项“淡马锡基金不仅与新加坡的政治精英阶层有微妙的关系，而且与邻国的关系也非常微妙”，原文提到了该基金与政府的关系，也提到了其在周边邻国的投资，但没有说关系很微妙，所以D错误。C选项“淡马锡基金声称本基金完全独立于政府之外，进行有效的自治”，由原文Aimed at reviving Temaseks fin

50、ancial performance in the wake of a recession, Temasek has since taken large stakes in banks as distant as India, China and the Standard Chartered Bank of Britain.（淡马锡为了在经济萧条后重振雄风，从那时开始就在印度、中国、英国的渣打银行持有大量股份。）可知，该基金为了在萧条后重振雄风，才到其他地方购买股份，这属于一种自治，所以C选项正确。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句With many wealthy Europ

51、eans shifting assets to Singapore from Switzerland to take advantage of rapid Asian growth and avoid new withholding taxes in Europe, the European authorities have stepped up criticism of Singapores banking system, saying that Singapore needed to tighten controls against money laundering.（许多富有的欧洲人都将

52、资产从瑞士转移到新加坡以分享亚洲经济快速增长的盛宴，并且逃避欧洲的新税收，因此欧洲一些政府都在批评新加坡的银行体系，称新加坡需要加紧控制洗钱。），说明许多欧洲人将资产转移到新加坡是为了在亚洲投资以获取利润以及避税，所以A选项“他们想要在亚洲投资以获得更丰厚的利润”，D选项“他们认为欧洲的投资环境不那么有吸引力”属于他们转移资产的原因，排除A, D。C选项“他们想要在亚洲从事非法的金融活动”，由原文可知，从一些欧洲当局的批评以及新加坡的回应可以看出部分资金是用来进行非法交易的，所以C选项属于转移资产的原因，排除C。B选项“他们想要通过巧妙避税来洗钱”，原文只是说想要避税，而不是通过避税来洗钱，所

53、以B选项不属于转移资产的原因，本题选B。5.语义推测题。由题干关键词“condone”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Singaporean financial authorities say they do not condone money laundering and recently stepped up fines against banks found to be involved in illicit financial activity.（新加坡财政部称他们不会宽恕洗钱活动，最近还对那些发现涉及非法金融活动的银行加大了处罚。），说明“condone”在文中是指“宽恕，容忍”的意思。因

54、此C选项“宽恕”正确。A选项“鼓励”，B选项“允许”，D选项“同意”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。4. 单选题I prefer his plan to yours, _ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。in that是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于for the reason that, because，可用于引导原因状语从句。

55、其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和substitute搭配。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but i

56、t doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new m

57、oment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s

58、 unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfil

59、ling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil”.Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are man

60、y undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their risi

61、ng wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers tear theyv

62、e become the disposable American as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested Utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less phy

63、sical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb t

64、he social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen w