2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷26（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The car in front _ suddenly at the traffic light.问题1选项A.pulled inB.pulled intoC.pulled upD.pulled through【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pulled in 停下 B. pulled into 驶入后停下，如进站、进车库等C. pulled up 慢慢停下 D. pulled through 渡过难关【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析【解题思路】空格处所填的内容，受副词suddenly“突然地”修饰，并且主语为“前面

2、的车”，后文为“在红绿灯处”，参考选项推断原句表达的句意为“前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下”。因此，A选项“停下”符合原句句意。【干扰项排除】B选项pulled into侧重于指驶入某处后停下，如进站、进车库等，与“在红绿灯处”矛盾；C选项pulled up侧重于指慢慢停下，与suddenly“突然地”矛盾；D选项pulled through“渡过难关”，不符合原句句意。【句意】前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下。2. 单选题His testimony is of no _ to the case.问题1选项A.relevanceB.relationC.substanceD.connection【答案】A

3、【解析】【选项释义】A. relevance 相关性 B. relation 关系C. substance 根据 D. connection 关联【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句句意为“他的证词与此案没有_”，根据选项推测，原句想表达的是“没有关系；不相关”，即他的证词与这个案件不相关，对这个案件没有帮助，A选项relevance“相关性”，最符合要求。某物与某一情境的相关性（relevance）是指它对该情境的重要性或意义。【干扰项排除】B选项relation“关系”，侧重于指两者之间的关系，比如艺术与生活之间的关系；C选项substance“根据”，不符合原句语义衔接；D选项c

4、onnection“关联”，与relation相似，侧重于指两者之间的关系。【句意】他的证词与此案并不相关。3. 单选题It _ now pretty late, the party broke up and we all went home.问题1选项A.isB.beingC.wasD.been【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. is 是（一般现在时） B. being 是（现在分词）C. was 是（一般过去时） D. been 是（过去分词）【答案】B【考查点】独立主格【解题思路】原句逗号后是一个完整的句子，其句意为“聚会结束了，我们都回家了”。空格处所在部分句意为“已经很晚了”。前后两

5、个句子之间没有连词连接，也没有引导从句的关系词，因此“已经很晚了（It _ now pretty late）”这个部分为一个独立主格结构，空格处应填入一个非谓语动词；表示时间很晚了，用主动语态，因此应该使用现在分词形式，B选项being“是（现在分词）”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项is“是（一般现在时）”，谓语动词，不符合原句语法要求；C选项was“是（一般过去时）”，谓语动词，不符合原句语法要求；D选项been“是（过去分词）”，过去分词表示被动，语态不对。【句意】天已经很晚了，聚会结束了，我们都回家了。4. 单选题What, can rigid, cold calculating mat

6、hematics possibly have in common with subtle, creative, lofty, imaginative art? This question faithfully mirrors the state of mind of most people, even of most educated people, when they regard the numbers and symbols that populate the world of mathematics. But the great leaders of mathematics thoug

7、ht have frequently and repeatedly asserted that the object of their pursuit is just as much an art as it is a science, and perhaps even fine art. Maxime Bocher, eminent mathematician living at the beginning of last century, wrote, “I like to look at mathematics almost more as an art than as a scienc

8、e; for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not controlled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let us say. Rigorous deductive reasoning on the part of the

9、 mathematician may be likened here to the technical skill in drawing on the part of the painter. Just as one cannot become a painter without a certain amount of skill, so no one can become a mathematician without the power to reason accurately up to a certain point.“Yet these qualities, fundamental

10、though they are, do not make a painter or a mathematician worthy of the name, nor indeed are they the most important factors in the case. Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the making of a good artist or a good mathematician.”If mathema

11、tics wants to lay claim to being an art, however, it must show that it possesses and makes use of at least some of the elements that go to make up the things of beauty. Is not imagination, creative imagination, the most essential element of an art? Let us take a geometric object, such as the circle.

12、 To the ordinary man, this is the rim of a wheel, perhaps with spokes in it. Elementary geometry has crowded this simple figure with radii (半径), chords, sectors, tangents (切线), diameters, inscribed and circumscribed polygons, and so on.Here you have already an entire geometrical world created from a

13、 very rudimentary beginning. These and other miracles are undeniable proof of the creative power of the mathematician; and, as if this were not enough, the mathematician allows the whole circle to “vanish”, declares it to be imaginary, then keeps on toying with his new creation in much the same way

14、and with much the same gusto (爱好，兴趣) as he did with the innocent little thing you allowed him to start out with. And all this, remember please, is just elementary plane geometry. Truly, the creative imagination displayed by the mathematician has nowhere been exceeded, nor even paralleled, and I woul

15、d make bold to say, not even closely approached anywhere else.In many ways mathematics exhibits the same elements of beauty that are generally acknowledged to be the essence of poetry. First, let us consider a minor point: the poet arranges his writings on the page in verse. His poem first appeals t

16、o the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his formulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression. Some mathematicians are given to this love of arranging and exhibiting their equations to a degree that borders on a fault. Trigo

17、nometry, a branch of elementary mathematics particularly rich in formulas, offers some curious groups of them, curious in their symmetry and their arrangement.The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbolism used in poetry, and secondly in its extreme conde

18、nsation and economy of words. Take a poem of universally acknowledged merit, say Shelleys poem “To Night”. Here is the second stanza: Wrap thy form in a mantle gray, star-in wrought! Blind with thine heir the eyes of Day; Kiss her until she be wearied out; Then wander our city, and sea, and land; to

19、uching all with thine opiate wandCome, long-sought!Taken literally, all this is, of course, sheer nonsense and nothing else. Night has no hair, night does not wear any clothes, and night is not an illicit peddler or narcotics. But is there anybody balmy enough to take the words of the poet literally

20、? The words here are only comparisons, only symbols. For the sake of condensation the poet doesnt bother stating that his symbols mean such and such, but goes on to treat them as if they were realities.The mathematician does these things precisely as the poet does. Take numbers, for example, the ver

21、y idea of which is an abstraction, or symbol. When you write the figure 3, you have created a symbol for a symbol, and when you say in algebra that a is a number, you have condensed all the symbols for all the numbers into one all-embracing symbol. These, like other mathematical symbols, and like th

22、e poets symbols, are a condensed, concentrated way of stating a long and rather complicated chain of simple geometrical, algebraic, or numerical relations.1. The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is _.2. In the writers opinion, what is the most fundamental elem

23、ent that makes a good artist or mathematician?3. In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet?4. Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its _.5. Just like poets, mathematicians may use _.问题1选项A.both are controlled by the external worldB.both resemble the sen

24、ses of the worldC.both are not fanciful but realD.both involve constant creating问题2选项A.Numerical skills.B.Creation.C.Imagination.D.Sense of beauty.问题3选项A.Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful form.B.Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to

25、make their proofs elegant.C.Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry.D.Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verse.问题4选项A.unusual dictionB.imaginative expressionC.symbolism, condensation and economy of wordsD.condensation and imaginative diction问题5选项A.numbers

26、 to signify beautyB.symbols for the sake of comparisonC.poems as a kind of symbolsD.symbols for the sake of condensation and concentration【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is _. 数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处是_。A. both are c

27、ontrolled by the external world A. 两者都受外部世界的控制B. both resemble the senses of the world B. 两者都类似于世界的感觉C. both are not fanciful but real C. 两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的D. both involve constant creating D. 两者都涉及到不断创造【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词similarity和the activities of mathematicians and those of artists定位到原文第1段第

28、4句，后半句提到“数学家的活动（the activity of the mathematician），虽然不受外部感官世界的控制，却需要不断地创造（constantly creating），这与艺术家的活动（to the activities of the artist），比如说画家的活动，有相似之处（bears a resemblance），我相信这不是幻想的，而是真实的。”由此可知，数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处在于两者都需要不断创造。因此，D选项“两者都涉及到不断创造”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到数学家的活动“不受外部感官世界的控制（not

29、 controlled by the external world of the senses）”，该选项表述错误；B选项“两者都类似于世界的感觉”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（the external world of the senses）”，并没有提到所谓“世界的感觉（the senses of the world）”，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的”，原文作者是说数学家与艺术家之间的相似性不是幻想的而是真实的，并不是说数学家和艺术家的活动，该选项属于曲解原文。第2题:【选项释义】In the writers opinion, what is the most

30、fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician? 在作者看来，成为一名优秀的艺术家或数学家最重要的要素是什么？A. Numerical skills. A. 数学技巧。B. Creation. B. 创造力。C. Imagination. C. 想象力。D. Sense of beauty. D. 美感。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词makes a good artist or mathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“还有一些更微妙的品质，其中最主要的就是想象力（chie

31、f among which in both cases is imagination），这些品质有助于成为优秀的艺术家或数学家（the making of a good artist or a good mathematician）。”由此可知，作者认为成为一名优秀的艺术家或画家，最重要的是C选项“想象力”。【干扰项排除】A选项“数学技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“然而，这些品质，尽管是最基本的，却不能使一个画家或数学家名符其实，它们也不是最重要的因素。”由此可知，上一段提到的品质，如一些技巧（a certain amount of skill）和精确的推理能力（the power

32、 to reason accurately up to a certain point），并不能使他们被称之为好的艺术家或数学家。该选项属于曲解原文；B选项“创造力”，原文并未提及；D选项“美感”，原文并未提及。第3题:【选项释义】In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet? 数学家是怎样和诗人一样展现美的？A. Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful

33、 form. A. 数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式。B. Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to make their proofs elegant. B. 数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅。C. Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry. C. 数学家很少把公式和方程式安排得对称。D. Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verse. D. 数学

34、家喜欢把公式写成韵文。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词exhibit the same elements of beauty定位到原文第5段第一句，该句提到“在许多方面，数学展现出的美与一般公认的诗歌的本质相同（exhibits the same elements of beauty）。”第2句后半句提到“诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上”，第3句提到“他的诗在进入耳朵或思想之前，首先是视觉的（appeals to the eye）”；紧接着提到“类似地（similarly），数学家排列他的公式和方程式（lines up his formulas and equatio

35、ns），以便它们的形式可以产生美学印象（so that their form may make an aesthetic impression）。”由此可知，诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上，产生视觉上的美感，而数学家也通过排列公式和方程式产生同样的美感，A选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅”，原文没有提到“证明（proofs）”，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“数学家很少把公式和方程式排列得对称”，原文没有提到“对称（symmetry）”，但是提到了数学家会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于无中生

36、有；D选项“数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文”，原文是说诗人会把他们写的作品按韵文排列，而数学家也会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于张冠李戴。第4题:【选项释义】Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its _. 诗歌优于其他表达形式，因为它的_。A. unusual diction A. 不寻常的措辞B. imaginative expression B. 富有想象力的表达C. symbolism, condensation and economy of words C. 象征、词语的凝练和简洁D. condensation and

37、 imaginative diction D. 凝练和富有想象力的措辞【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Poetry和superior to other forms定位到原文第6段第1句，该句提到“诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优势，首先在于诗歌中使用的象征主义（first in the symbolism used in poetry），其次在于文字的极端浓缩和精简（extreme condensation and economy of words）。”由此可知，C选项“象征、词语的凝练和简洁”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“不寻常的措辞”、B选项“富有想象力的表达”、D

38、选项“凝练和富有想象力的措辞”，均不符合原文表述，属于无中生有。第5题:【选项释义】Just like poets, mathematicians may use _. 就像诗人一样，数学家也会_。A. numbers to signify beauty A. 使用数字代表美丽B. symbols for the sake of comparison B. 为了比较而使用的符号C. poems as a kind pf symbols C. 使用诗歌作为一种象征D. symbols for the sake of condensation and concentration D. 为了凝练和集

39、中而使用符号【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Just like poets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“数学家所做的事情和诗人所做的完全一样。”本段最后一句提到“这些符号，就像其他的数学符号一样（mathematical symbols），也像诗人的符号一样（like the poets symbols），是一种凝练的、集中的方式（a condensed, concentrated way of），用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系组成的长而复杂的数学链。”由此可知，数学家和艺术家都会使用符号，因为这是一种凝练而集中的表达方式，D选项“为了凝

40、练和集中而使用符号”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“使用数字代表美丽”，这不是数学家与诗人相同的地方，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“为了比较而使用的符号”，数学家使用符合不是为了比较，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“使用诗歌作为一种象征”，数学家不是用诗歌来表示象征，而是使用字母（in algebra that a is a number），该选项属于曲解原文。5. 单选题They _ themselves _ the politician because they hoped he would become president one day. At last he did.问题1选项A.conn

41、ectedwithB.combinedwithC.linkedwithD.attachedto【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. connectedwith 与某人有联系 B. combinedwith 使结合；兼有C. linkedwith 把连接起来；有联系 D. attachedto （ yourself to sb）和某人在一起，依附于某人【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与短语辨析【解题思路】空格部分语义为“_他们自己_政治家”，后文提到“因为希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做到了。”由此推断，他们应该是跟随有可能成为总统的政治家，D选项attachedto“（ yourself to sb

42、）和某人在一起，依附于某人”符合要求；另外，原文的形式_ themselves _ the politician也与D选项的常用形式相符合。因此，本题最佳选项为D。【干扰项排除】A选项connectedwith“与某人有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当；B选项combinedwith“使结合；兼有”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项linkedwith“把连接起来；有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当。【句意】他们依附于那位政治家，因为他们希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做到了。6. 单选题Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of A

43、fro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.问题1选项A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. is to be analyzed 分析 B. has been analyzed 分析C. be analyzed 分析 D. should have been analyzed 分析【答案

44、】C【考查点】虚拟语气【解题思路】本题考查的是should类虚拟语气。当should用于命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中时，从句使用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。在本题中，his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference，此处his insistence“他的坚持”属于建议或决定类词语，空格处所在部分为that引导的同位语从句，因此应当使用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。根据句意这些诗歌是被分析的对象，所以应该

45、使用被动语态，因此，C选项be analyzed符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语法要求。【句意】Jean Wagner对美国非裔诗人的诗歌做出的影响最大的贡献是他坚持在宗教以及世俗的框架中分析这些诗歌。7. 单选题A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _ conditions or events.问题1选项A.in response toB.in favor ofC.in contrast toD.in excess of【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A.

46、 in response to 对的反应或回答 B. in favor of 赞成C. in contrast to 与不同 D. in excess of 超过【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】该句主语为“大部分的人类活动，特别是与环境有关的活动”，空格后的内容为“情况或事件”，A选项in response to“对的反应或回答”符合前后语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文前后语义衔接。【句意】大部分的人类活动，特别是与环境有关的活动，是对各种情况或事件的反应。8. 单选题Pessimism concerning the economic future was _ in w

47、estern European countries in the late 1970s.问题1选项A.perpetualB.pertinentC.preventiveD.prevalent【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. perpetual 永久的 B. pertinent 有关的；恰当的C. preventive 预防性的 D. prevalent 盛行的【答案】D【考查点】形近词辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】原句主语为“关于经济前景的悲观情绪”，后文内容为“在20世纪70年代末的西欧国家”，只有D选项prevalent“盛行的”符合前后语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合前后语义衔接

48、。【句意】20世纪70年代末，西欧国家普遍存在对经济前景的悲观情绪。9. 单选题It is a devastating prospect. Terrorist electronically break into the computers that control the water supply of a large American city, open and close valves to contaminate the water with untreated sewage or toxic chemicals, and then release it in a devastatin

49、g flood. As the emergency services struggle to respond, the terrorists strike again, shutting down the telephone network and electrical power grid with just a few mouse clicks. Businesses are paralyzed, hospitals are overwhelmed and roads are gridlocked as people try to flee.This kind of scenario is

50、 invoked by doom-mongers who insist that stepping up physical security since the September 11thattacks is not enough. Road-blocks and soldiers around power stations cannot prevent digital terrorism. “Until we secure our cyber-infrastructure, a few keystrokes and an Internet connection is all one nee

51、ds to disable the economy and endanger lives,” Lamar Smith, a Texas congressman, told a judiciary committee in February. He ended with his catchphrase: “A mouse can be just as dangerous as a bullet or a bomb.” Is he right?It is true that utility companies and other operators of critical infrastructu

52、re are increasingly connected to the Internet. But just because an electricity companys customers can pay their bills online, it does not necessarily follow that the companys critical control systems are vulnerable to attack. Control systems are usually kept entirely separate from other systems, for

53、 good reason. They tend to be obscure, old-fashioned systems that are incompatible with internet technology anyhow. Even authorized users require specialist knowledge to operate them. And telecoms firms, hospitals and businesses usually have contingency plans to deal with power failures or flooding.

54、A simulation carried out in August by the United States Naval War College in conjunction with Gartner, a consultancy, concluded that an “electronic Pearl Harbor” attack on Americas critical infrastructure could indeed cause serious disruption, but would first need five years of preparation and 200 m

55、illion dollars of funding. There are far simpler and less costly way to attack critical infrastructure, from hoax phone calls to truck bombs and hijacked airliners.On September 18thRichard Clarke, Americas cyber-security tsar, unveiled his long-awaited blueprint for securing critical infrastructure

56、from digital attacks. It was a bit of a damp squib (胆怯), making no firm recommendations and proposing no new regulation or legislation. But its lily-livered approach might, in fact be the right one. When a risk has been overstated, inaction may be the best policy.It is difficult to avoid comparisons

57、 with the “millennium bug and the predictions of widespread computer chaos arising from the change of date to the year 2000. Then, as now, the alarm was sounded by technology vendors and consultants, who stood to gain from scare-mongering. But Ross Anderson, a computer scientist at Cambridge Univers

58、ity, prefers to draw an analogy with the environmental lobby. Like eco-warriors, he observes, those in the security industrybe the vendors trying to boost sales, academics chasing grants, or politicians looking for bigger budgetshave a built-in incentive to overstate the risks.1. We learn from the f

59、irst paragraph that _.2. Speaking of the doom-mongers, the author implies that _.3. In the view of Gartner consultant, _.4. “Lily-livered approach” (Paragraph 5) probably means an approach characterized by _.5. We learn from the last paragraph that _.问题1选项A.terrorists could plunge a large American c

60、ity into chaos through electronic attackB.American people have no experience in dealing with terroristsC.the computer systems of utility companies are rather vulnerableD.the response of emergency services is far from satisfactory问题2选项A.their worries are quite reasonableB.their warnings should be tak

61、en seriouslyC.they exaggerate the threat utility companies are facingD.they are familiar with the way terrorists strike问题3选项A.terrorists may launch another “Pearl Harbor” attackB.terrorists have ample capital and time to prepare a stunning strikeC.it is very costly and time-consuming to attack criti

62、cal infrastructureD.it is unlikely that terrorists would resort to electronic means to attack critical infrastructure问题4选项A.flexibilityB.boldnessC.cowardiceD.conservatism问题5选项A.the computer industry suffered heavy loss due to the “millennium bug”B.doom-mongers care more about their own interests tha

63、n national securityC.computer scientists have better judgment than doom-mongersD.environmentalists are criticized for their efforts of protecting environment【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】We learn from the first paragraph that _. 我们从第一段得知_。A. terrorists could plunge a large American city into chaos through electronic attack A. 恐怖分