2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的

2、学生们自己做决定。2. 单选题The police admitted_a mistake in arresting an innocent man问题1选项A.to makeB.to have madeC.to having madeD.to making【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。admit to doing sth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。3. 单选题He is not a very credible lectu

3、rer.问题1选项A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A选项为“著名的；众所周知的”；B选项为“宗教的，严谨的”；C选项为“普通的；一般的”；D选项为“可信的”。根据句意可知，他不是一个可信的演讲者。因此，D项为正确答案。4. 单选题Although he has become rich, he is still very_of his money.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选

4、项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于be thrifty with sth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于be frugal with/of sth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，be careful with/of sth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Although he has become rich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。5. 单选题All the year she has been_between optimism and despair.问题1选项A.vibratingB.swing

5、ingC.fluctuatingD.waving【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使) 摆动，摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctuate“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据between optimism and despair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。6. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presid

6、eB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。7. 单选题We must look beyond_and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.问题1选项A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.sp

7、ecifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。8. 单选题The Space Age _in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initi

8、atedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the first artificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。9. 单选题I feel obli

9、gated to give my opinion on the subject.问题1选项A.requiredB.forbiddenC.determinedD.encouraged【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项required adj.必需的，必须的；B选项forbidden adj.不被允许的，被禁止的；C选项determined adj.坚决的，决定的；D选项encouraged adj.怂恿的，受到鼓舞的。句意：我认为我必须对这个话题发表自己的观点。根据句意可知A选项正确。10. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English

10、.“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。【答案】Children are the angels of adults given by god; pets are the angels of children given by adults. Pets can be childrens good fr

11、iends. They play with children, as well as exchange emotional feelings with them at the same time. Children can tell their own worries to pets for they are the best audient. When children are rebuked by parents or laughed at by others, these silent listeners can bring them care and comfort. Pets can

12、 keep children company when they are ill, giving them comfort and encouraging them to face difficulties and constantly striving to become stronger.11. 单选题The _of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【

13、解析】考查名词辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质”；B选项texture“质地，手感”；C选项content“内容”；D选项threshold“门槛，入口，开始”。根据the scientific attitude可知A选项符合语义。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的思维能够成功地理解宇宙。12. 单选题There are several possible explanations for the great job stability in South Korea the great mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.contrary toB.in re

14、gard toC.in contrast toD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】短语搭配题。A选项contrary to与相反，违反；B选项in regard to关于；C选项in contrast to 与形成对比；D选项with respect to关于，至于。句意：与美国巨大的流动性相比，朝鲜在好工作上的稳定性有几种可能的解释。根据句意和搭配，正确答案为C项。13. 单选题Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroug

15、hs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those inv

16、olved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently

17、inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scient

18、ific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as

19、long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to becom

20、e an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his cla

21、im to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emph

22、asizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.1. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?2. Taylor is most famous for（）.3. Charl

23、es Babbage, an English academic（）.4. Taylors scientific management method was described as（）.5. When he died in 1915, Taylor（）.问题1选项A.Great breakthroughsB.Unlimited purchasing powerC.Science and competition.D.International competition.问题2选项A.his application of scientific methods to workB.his book “T

24、he Principles of Scientific Management”C.his various innovations in steel processingD.The spreading of his scientific management method问题3选项A.tried to use computers in production processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of modem computersD.tried a scientific man

25、agement approach问题4选项A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave-drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but highly successful问题5选项A.purchased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienc

26、e and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。” 而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“.but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work（但使他

27、出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段Charles Babbage.applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.可知，英国科学家Charles Babbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是

28、D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor.emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave - driving methods common in his day”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasize A over B 表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote h

29、is approach worldwide.可知，泰勒于1975 年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。14. 单选题If no one asks any question, I_everybody understands.问题1选项A.deduceB.presumeC.pretendD.presuppose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以为前提”。根据If no one asks any question可知B选项

30、符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。15. 单选题_ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.问题1选项A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】语法题。as引导的让步状语从句，一般将形容词，名词等提前，使用部分倒装。A、B、C选项语序错误。 D选项符合部分倒装形式

31、，将表语提前。因此，本题正确答案为D 项。句意：尽管白色礼服在过去并不流行，但是现在却是最为流行的婚纱颜色。16. 单选题His assertion angered me.问题1选项A.statementB.questionC.successD.mistake【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中assertion表示“主张；声称”；A选项statement n.声明；陈述；B选项problem n.问题；C选项success n.成功；D选项mistake n.错误。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正确答案是A项。17. 翻译题Translate the following pass

32、age into Chinese.Mans youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever.It is the thing he cannot bear to lose; it is the thing whose passing he watches with infinite sorrow and regret; it is the thing whose l

33、oss he must lament forever; it is the thing whose loss he really welcomes with a sad and secret joy; the thing would never willingly relive again, could it be restored to him by any magic.【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦，虽满是痛楚，但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物，当其永逝，方才幡然大悟。青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其渐行渐远，难免触目伤怀，悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现，时光倒流，却也

34、无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。18. 单选题Provided that my expense_，I will go with you for the investigation next week.问题1选项A.are paid forB.will be paidC.can be paidD.be paid for【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时态。provided that表示“假如，设若”，在连接句子时相当于if，由主句中的will可知从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。expense表示“费用（总称）”时为不可数名词，pay在此句中作及物动词，在主动句中pay的宾语为my expense，此处表示

35、被动，因此选C。句意：如果我的费用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去调查。19. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long strainD.to expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本题考查短语搭配。A选项to succumb to bein

36、g tired屈服于疲劳；B选项to sustain the fatigue 维持疲劳；C选项 to endure the long strain 承受长期压力；D选项to expose them to the risks 暴露在风险下。句意：他们很好地利用了现有时间，不会轻易地因充满压力的工作弄得疲劳不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲劳”的选项是A项。20. 单选题I can never touch lobster because Im（）to shellfish.e问题1选项A.sensitiveB.allergicC.infectedD.sensibl【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sensitive adj.敏感的，易受伤害的；B选项allergic adj.对过敏的；C选项infected adj.被感染的；D选项sensible adj.明智的，明显的，通情达理的。句意：我不能接触龙虾，因为我对壳类动物过敏。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。