2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第98期

《2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第98期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第98期（42页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Ive not even read the first chapter _ finished the whole novel.问题1选项A.rather thanB.much moreC.as well asD.much less【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. rather than 而不是 B. much more 更加；多得多C. as well as 也；和一样 D. much less 更不用说；不及【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小说第一章

2、都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。2. 翻译题美国人民非常钦佩中国几千年来在人类文化、宗教、哲学、艺术、科学和技术等领域做出的贡献。我们铭记着第二次世界大战期间两国的牢固伙伴关系。现在我们看到中国处在这样一个历史时刻：你们目前气势磅礴的改革和更加美好的未来是可以和辉煌的往昔相提并论的。仅仅三十年前，中国基本上与世隔绝，现在中国参加了从航空领域到农业领域的一千多个国际组织，影响遍及国家的各个领域。你们已经较大地开放了贸易和投资领域。今天有四万年轻的中国学生在美国学习，

3、另外还有几十万人在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲学习。你们在经济和社会的改变过程中表现十分突出，你们从封闭的、指令性的经济体制过渡到蓬勃发展的、依靠市场力量的经济体制。近20年来，这种经济取得前所未有的增长。人们有更多的自由在国内外旅行；人们可以选举自己的村长；可以拥有自己的房子；可以选择自己的职业和上更好的学校。这样，你们使上亿人民脱贫，人均收入在过去十年里翻了一番多，今天中国人民所过的生活是他们过去二十年来根本想象不到的。当然这些变化也打乱了一成不变的生活工作方式，也给环境造成极大的负担。过去，每一个城市公民都保证在国有企业有份工作，现在必须竞争。过去，工人只需要满足中央计划安排的要求。现在进

4、入全球经济时代，这意味着你们必须和全世界的质量和创造性相竞争。在短期内，那些有能力的勤劳的人，至少有一部分也将会失业。正如你们所看到的，过去的20年的发展模式和能源使用模式，使中国在环境、经济、保健方面付出了巨大的代价：空气污染、树木减少、酸雨、水资源短缺。面对这些挑战，必须制定新的培训和社会保障制度体系。引进新的环保政策和技术，一方面使经济增长，另一方面改善环境。【答案】The American people greatly admire Chinas contributions over thousands of years in the fields of human culture,

5、religion, philosophy, art, science and technology. We remember the strong partnership between our two countries during the Second World War. Now we see China at a moment in history when the momentum of your current reforms and the promise of a brighter future can be compared to the glory of your pas

6、t. Virtually isolated just three decades ago, China is now a member of more than a thousand international organizations, from aviation to agriculture, affecting every sector of the country. You have opened up your trade and investment sectors considerably. Today, 40,000 young Chinese students study

7、in the United States, and hundreds of thousands more in Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America.You have distinguished yourselves in the process of economic and social change, from a closed, prescriptive economy to one that thrives on market forces. For nearly two decades, this economy has achieved u

8、nprecedented growth. People have more freedom to travel within and outside the country; People can elect their own village leaders; You can own your own home; You can choose your own career and go to better schools. As a result, you have lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, and per

9、capita income has more than doubled in the last 10 years. The Chinese people today are living lives they could never have imagined in the last 20 years.Of course, these changes have disrupted the unchanging way of life and work and caused a great burden to the environment. In the past, every city ci

10、tizen was guaranteed a job in a state-owned enterprise; now they must compete. In the past, workers only had to meet the requirements of central planning arrangements. Its a global economy, and that means you have to compete with quality and creativity all over the world.In the short term, at least

11、some of those who are able and industrious will also be out of work. As you can see, the pattern of development and the pattern of energy use over the last 20 years has taken a huge toll on Chinas environment, economy, and health: air pollution, fewer trees, acid rain, water shortages. Facing these

12、challenges, new systems of training and social protection must be developed. The introduction of new environmental policies and technologies, on the one hand, will enable economic growth, and on the other hand, improve the environment.3. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hou

13、rs sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in th

14、e day to working at night is a （1） of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally（2） from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a （3） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night.（4）, it is ofte

15、n the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, （5） much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very （6）. One answer would seem to be （7） periods on each shift, a month, or even three mon

16、ths.（8）, recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their （9） habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the

17、night shift to those permanent night workers whose（10）may persist through all weekends and holidays.问题1选项A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matter问题2选项A.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asks问题3选项A.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regular问题4选项A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.In a wordD.In comparison问题5选项A.thoughB.so thatC

18、.whileD.as问题6选项A.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happily问题7选项A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.nicer问题8选项A.SoB.In shortC.SimilarlyD.However问题9选项A.newB.normalC.temporaryD.favorite问题10选项A.wakefulnessB.sleepC.preferenceD.habit【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】A. problem 问题 B. diffi

19、culty 困难；难题C. trouble 麻烦；烦恼 D. matter 物质；事件【答案】D【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】a matter of importance是固定搭配，表示“大事；重要的问题”【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合搭配。【句意】在自动化要求机器24小时运转的工业中，人们可以轻松地从白天工作改到晚上工作，这是一个越来越重要的问题。2. 【选项释义】A. takes 拿；取；带去 B. spends 花费；浪费C. demands 强烈要求；需要 D. asks 问【答案】A【考查点】搭配和上下文语义。【解题思路】空格后接“five days”，结合下文语义，此处应该指花

20、费五天到一周的时间。并且该句主语是it，因此选A选项“takes”，在此处表示花费时间。固定用法：it takes sb. some time to do sth.。【干扰项排除】B选项spends“花费；浪费”，当spend表示花费时间时，主语只能是表示人的名词或代词，该处主语是it，不符合搭配且spend的用法为spend some time on sth.，该处不符合用法；C、D选项均不符合上下文语义和搭配。【句意】对于一个人来说它通常需要五天到一个星期。3. 【选项释义】A. former 旧时的；以前的 B. returned 返回；（尤指感觉）恢复C. reversed 颠倒；撤销

21、；反转 D. regular 有规律的；定时的【答案】C【考查点】上下文语义。【解题思路】下文讲到：白天睡觉，晚上工作。也就是颠倒的睡眠和清醒。因此空格处表示“颠倒；反转”的意思，因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】对一个人来说，适应白天睡觉、晚上工作、睡眠和清醒的颠倒的日常习惯的时间通常是从五天到一周。4. 【选项释义】A. Therefore 因此 B. Unfortunately 不幸地C. In a word 总之 D. In comparison 相比之下；与比较【答案】B【考查点】上下文语义。【解题思路】空格处之后的句子承接上文，意思为：在工业界，轮班

22、工作每周都要更换。轮班工作每周都要更换意味着睡眠的习惯要不停的变化。因此这是一件不幸的事情。选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】不幸的是，在工业界，轮班工作每周都要更换。5. 【选项释义】A. though 虽然 B. so that 以便；结果是；以至于C. while 在期间；而 D. as 因为；由于；在时；随着【答案】B【考查点】上下文语义。【解题思路】空格处上文意思为：这就意味着他刚适应一种工作方式就又得转向另一种工作方式；空格后意思为：他的大部分时间既没有高效地工作也没有高效地睡觉。这里存在一个因果关系，他刚适应一种工作方式又要转向另一种工作方式的结果是他

23、没有办法高效地工作和睡觉。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、选项不符合上下文语义；D选项虽然也能表示因果关系，但是as之后接的是因而不是果，根据解题思路可知原文空格后所接的是果，因此D选项不符合原文逻辑关系。【句意】这就意味着他刚适应一种工作方式就又得转向另一种工作方式，以至于他的大部分时间既没有高效地工作也没有高效地睡觉。6. 【选项释义】A. efficiently 有效地 B. good 好的；优良的C. easily 容易地 D. happily 快乐地；幸运地【答案】A【考查点】上下文语义。【解题思路】空格处上文意思为：这就意味着他刚适应一种工作方式就又得转向另一种工作方式。由此可知，

24、这样的轮班工作让人没有足够的时间适应，因此没有办法高效地工作和睡眠。【干扰项排除】B选项good“好的；优良的”，这里指在一定的时间内，进行工作和睡眠，对比选项，用“效率”形容更合适，因此选A；C、D选项不符合上下文语义。【句意】这就意味着他刚适应一种工作方式就又得转向另一种工作方式，所以他在大部分时间里工作和睡觉的效率都很低。7. 【选项释义】A. shorter 更短的 B. better 较好的；更好的C. longer 更长的 D. nicer 更好的【答案】C【考查点】上下文语义。【解题思路】句意：一种解决办法似乎是每个月甚至三个月的轮班都要有固定的时间。根据上文可知，在工业界，轮班

25、工作每周都要更换，这种轮班制度使得工人没有时间去适应，导致他们无法高效地工作。因此应该让这种轮班的时间变得更长，所以他们能够有时间去适应。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】一种解决办法似乎是让每次换班的时间变得更长，可以一个月，甚至三个月。8. 【选项释义】A. So 所以 B. In short 总之；简言之C. Similarly 类似地；差不多地 D. However 然而【答案】D【考查点】上下文语义【解题思路】空格处下文意思为：最近的研究表明，在这种系统下，人们在周末会恢复到正常的睡眠和清醒习惯，这足以摧毁在一周中建立起来的对夜间工作的适应。表示人们在

26、周末的习惯会摧毁前文中人们在一周中建立起来的对工作的适应。人们恢复正常的习惯与人们改变作息适应工作存在转折关系，因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】然而，最近的研究表明，在这种系统下，人们在周末会恢复到正常的睡眠和清醒习惯，这足以摧毁在一周中建立起来的对夜间工作的适应。9. 【选项释义】A. new 新的；新鲜的 B. normal 正常的C. temporary 暂时的；临时的；短期的 D. favorite 最喜欢的【答案】B【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】空格处句意：在这种系统下，人们在周末会恢复到的睡眠和清醒习惯，这足以摧毁在一周中建立起来的对夜间工作的适

27、应。句子后半部分表示这样的睡眠和清醒习惯会摧毁对前面夜间工作的适应。Revert表示恢复的意思。根据逻辑，人们应该是恢复到正常的作息习惯，这摧毁了他们对夜间工作的适应。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句间逻辑。【句意】在这种系统下，人们在周末会恢复到正常的睡眠和清醒习惯，这足以摧毁在一周中建立起来的对夜间工作的适应。10. 【选项释义】A. wakefulness 清醒 B. sleep 睡眠C. preference 偏爱；偏好 D. habit 习惯【答案】D【考查点】上下文语义【解题思路】空格处句意：唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把夜班交给那些长期从事夜间工作的人，他们的可能会持

28、续到整个周末和假期。根据上文可知轮班工作的人周末会恢复他们的习惯，这样会摧毁他们对工作的适应。所以应该把工作交给长期从事夜间工作的人，因为他们习惯于在夜间工作，甚至是周末和假期。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把夜班交给那些长期从事夜间工作的人，他们的睡眠可能会持续到整个周末和假期。4. 单选题It would be _ to get a second opinion before taking any further action.问题1选项A.sensationalB.sensitiveC.senselessD.sensible【答

29、案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. sensational 轰动的；引起哗然的 B. sensitive 体贴的；体恤的C. senseless 无意义的；无目的的 D. sensible 明智的；理智的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是。根据句意，在行动前征求第二种意见是明智的，因为这样有利于做出更好的决定。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是明智的。5. 单选题After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent

30、city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names; compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost fed

31、eral highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottlenecks in the country.Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expan

32、ded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport,

33、 but not much else; bus stops are often near invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when.Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for re-election in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created

34、 the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not.Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 bill

35、ion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buck head; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, w

36、ith generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services.Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc highway for 65 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270 million for this. Supporters say it

37、would ease the congestion on local roads; opponents think it would worsen over-development and traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided.The governor is in favor, however,and since he can appoint and fire GRTAS members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr. Barnes ha

38、s a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr. Barnes think that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm than the anti-sprawl movement.1. The authors presentation of Atlantans car-dependence is meant _.2. Which of the following

39、 is not part of the “anti-sprawl movement” as planned by Governor Roy Barnes?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?4. It can be learnt from the text that Georgias Governor Roy Barnes _.5. In eyes of the writer, the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie in _.问题

40、1选项A.to be ironicB.to poke fun to themC.to be fairD.to make it notorious问题2选项A.The construction of a commuter rail link.B.His success in re-election in November.C.The initiation of shuttle bus transit.D.The allocation of money to widen roads.问题3选项A.The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean

41、 Air Act.B.The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters.C.Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and build more highways.D.Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of its traffics.问题4选项A.is in tyrannous control of the GRTA boardB.cuts an impressive nonconformist image

42、C.is bound to win the re-election coming upD.channels part of funds to his personal assets问题5选项A.the enforcement of traffic regulationsB.the challenge to Governor Barness arroganceC.the increase of commuter and car taxesD.the improvement of its public-transport systems【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解

43、析】1. 【选项释义】The authors presentation of Atlantans car-dependence is meant _. 作者对亚特兰大人对汽车的依赖性的描述本意是_。A. to be ironic A. 讽刺的B. to poke fun to them B. 为了取笑他们C. to be fair C. 公平的D. to make it notorious D. 为了让它臭名昭著【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亚特兰大人给他们的汽车起名字；通过比较超速罚单，他们小心地守住任何可以停车的小巷。（Atlanta

44、ns sentimentally give their cars names; compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park.）”根据作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）两词可以看出作者对亚特兰大人对汽车依赖的描述是讽刺的。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项曲解作者意思，属于曲解原文。2. 【选项释义】Which of the following is not part of the “anti-sprawl mo

45、vement” as planned by Governor Roy Barnes? 以下哪项不是罗伊巴恩斯州长所计划的“反蔓延运动”的一部分？A. The construction of a commuter rail link. A. 通勤铁路的建造。B. His success in re-election in November. B. 他在11月成功连任。C. The initiation of shuttle bus transit. C. 启动穿梭巴士过境。D. The allocation of money to widen roads. D. 用于拓宽道路的拨款。【答案】B【

46、考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“这项计划专门拨款拓宽道路（The plan earmarks money to widen roads）；有电动穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克头优雅的别墅之间（to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buck head）；以及建立一条亚特兰大和梅肯之间的通勤铁路（create a commuter rail link）”。由此可知A、C、D选项均有提及，B选项没有提及，因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均是计划的一部分

47、，属于反向干扰。3. 【选项释义】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? 文中没有提到下列哪项？A. The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean Air Act. A. 联邦公路基金因清洁空气法而损失。B. The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters. B. 县政府应该在交通问题上合作。C. Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and buil

48、d more highways. C. 亚特兰大人必须放弃公共汽车和火车，建造更多的高速公路。D. Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of its traffics. D. 亚特兰大的交通给游客留下了不好的印象。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】文中第一段“1998年，13个大都会县失去了联邦公路基金，因为它们的空气污染水平违反了清洁空气法。（In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution leve

49、ls violated the Clean Air Act.）”因此选项A提到了；文中第三段“为了赢回因清洁空气法而损失的联邦公路资金，他成立了佐治亚州区域运输局（GRTA），一个由15名成员组成的委员会，有权让县政府、市政府和10个县的亚特兰大区域委员会在运输计划上进行合作（the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans），不管他们喜欢与否。”由此可知县政府在交通上合作，因此B选项提到了；文中第二段最后“铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见

50、的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”可知亚特兰大这些服务于公众的交通并不完善，由此推断会给游客留下不好印象。因此D选项可以推出。C选项文中没有提及。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都提到了，C选项没有提及。A、B、D选项属于反向干扰。4. 【选项释义】It can be learnt from the text that Georgias Governor Roy Barnes _. 从文中可以得知，乔治亚州州长罗伊巴恩斯_。A. is in tyrannous control of the GRTA board A. 对GRTA董事会有着专横的控制B. cut

51、s an impressive nonconformist image B. 给人留下了不墨守成规的印象C. is bound to win the re-election coming up C. 一定会赢得即将到来的连任D. channels part of funds to his personal assets D. 将部分资金用于个人资产【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成员，这可能就是故事的结局。巴恩斯先生总是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants

52、）。他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”由此可知，巴恩斯先生可以随意任命解雇成员，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推断他对GRTA有专横的控制。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“给人留下了不墨守成规的印象”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“一定会赢得即将到来的连任”，文中提到“他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”因此他不一定能连任，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；D选项“将部分资金用于个人资产”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】In eyes of the writer, the best solution to the traffic problem

53、in Atlanta seems to lie in _. 在作者看来，解决亚特兰大交通问题的最好办法似乎在于_。A. the enforcement of traffic regulations A. 执行交通规则B. the challenge to Governor Barness arrogance B. 挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢C. the increase of commuter and car taxes C. 提高通勤税和汽车税D. the improvement of its public-transport systemsD. 改善其公共交通系统【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。

54、【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统（expanded their public-transport systems）。亚特兰大不喜欢这些东西。公共交通也是一个令人烦恼的话题。亚特兰大大都会区分为许多县政府和较小的市政府，发现这样很难合作。铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”然后文中讲亚特兰大各县进行交通方面的合作，GRTA拨款修建道路，建立铁路通勤线。启动快速公交服务等等，这些都是在改善亚特兰大的公共交通。因此选

55、D。【干扰项排除】A选项“执行交通规则”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“提高通勤税和汽车税”，文中提到“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统”但是根据后文可知，亚特兰大选择改善公共交通而不是提高通勤税和汽车税，该选项属于反向干扰。6. 单选题Packing all the goods will take _ days.问题1选项A.another tenB.other tenC.the ten moreD.the other ten【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. a

56、nother ten 另十天 B. other ten 另十天C. the ten more 另十天 D. the other ten 另十天【答案】A【考查点】语法结构。【解题思路】句意：包装所有货物需要天。根据选项可知，这里指包装货物还需要另外十天。another ten days表示另外十天，another用作形容词的基本意思是“另一个的”符合语法结构。因此选A。【干扰项排除】other用在the或形容词性物主代词之后时，与单数名词连用表示“(两个中的)另一个”这里指另一个十天，因此不能用other，所以排除B、D选项；在本句中ten days为一个整体，不能将其拆开，因此不能选C。【句

57、意】把所有货物装箱还要花10天时间。7. 单选题When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad in

58、dustrys sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolphs efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to

59、 weaken organized labors antagonism toward Black workers.In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman its

60、elf had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolphs own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under

61、 Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segrega

62、ted life protected the union internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarit

63、y as well. But it was only in the early 1930s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters representative.Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where i