小学英语代词专题

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1、代词 代词是代替人、动物或事物等名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词。按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和连接代词9种。人称代词：人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们、它们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit 注意：人称代词同时出现时，在单数情况下，顺序通常为：第二人称，第三人称，最后是第一人称；复数情况下为：第一人称，第二人称，第三人称

2、。You,she and I are the same age. 你、我、她同龄。We, you and they are all from Sichuan. 但是，当叙述一件不好的事情，或为做错的是道歉是，通常把第一人称放在最前面。如：I, you and she made the teacher angry. Lets do it again. 代词it：1、代指动物、植物、物品以及事情等无生命物体的单数形式；2、代指性别不清楚（婴儿）、身份不明的单数的人；3、代指天气、时间、距离等概念，作主语。小练习：根据汉语或语境填写适当的人称代词。1. am a teacher. And all t

3、he students like .（我）2. often plays basketball after school. I often watch （他）3. (我们) buy a pair of shoes for （她）.4.-Our name are Sam and Tom. are twins. - Do you want to make friends with .5.-How is the weather today? - is sunny, but a little cold.物主代词：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也就是指某物或者某人是属于谁的关系，又可以叫做代词所有格。物主

4、代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有性别的区分，有人称和数的变化，并与他们的人称代词一一对应。数单数复数人称一二三一二三形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs名词性物主代词的句法功能：1、作主语，如： May I use your pen? Yours works better. 2、作动词宾语，如： My pen is lost. Can I use yours?3、作介词宾语，如： My pen is lost. Can I write a letter with yours?

5、4，作主语补语，如： The life I have is yours.名词性物主代词与of属格连用a photo of me (强调照片里的人是我)a photo of mine （强调照片是属于我的，没说明照片里的人是谁） 小练习：根据提示和语境填入适当的物主代词或人称代词。1. （他的）coat is black, but （她的）is red.2.whose wallet is this ? Its (我的).Its (我的)wallet.3.Im s new student. name is Hellen.4.-Are these (你们的)skateboards? -Yes,the

6、y are (我们的)5.Nancy is my cousin. eyes are big.6.Look, this is his book. (我的) is as new as his.7.Can show book?(你能把你的书借给我看一下么？)8.This is not (I)shirt. Its (he).9. are listening to the radio. Dont talk to (他们).10. (我们) will buy a pair of shoes for (他).指示代词：指示代词表示那个that、这个this、那些those、这些these等概念的代词。代指人

7、或事物。指示代词的句法功能：1、作主语，如： This is the way to do it.2、作动词宾语，如： I like this better than that.3、作介词宾语，如： I dont say no to do that.4、作主语补语，如： My point is this.5、作限定词，如： This girl is our new classmate. 指示代词作主语时可以指物也可以指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。如：That is my teacher.He is going to marry this girl.I bought this.小练习

8、：1.-What are in English? -Theyre basketballs. A. this B. these C. they2.-Hello! Is Miss Green speaking? -No, is Cindy speaking. A. that, that B. you, I C. that, this 3.That is not a tall tree.(改为复数句)4.Is this your hat?(改为复数句) 5.These blue pencils are mine.(改为单数句)6.What color are those fish?(改为单数句)反身

9、代词：表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。1反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-self(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves)构成。数单数复数第一人称myselfOurselves第二人称yourselfYourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself不定人称oneself反身代词的用法：1.主语和定语为同一人时，用反身代词。 Your should take care of yourself.2、表强调语气时，用反身代词。 I mysel

10、f can do it.3、反身代词常用于某些词组。 enjoy oneself 过得很愉快 by oneself 单独 独自 Help oneself to 随便吃/喝 些 learn sth. by oneself 自学小练习：1. was a doctor. (他本人就是一位医生)2. is too young to look after .（她年纪太小，不能照顾自己。）3. We at the party last Sunday. A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoyed ourself4.Let Tony do it by .

11、 He is no longer a kid.（他不再是小孩子） A. him B. his C. himself5.You are twelve now. must look after . A. You, yourself B. Your, yourself C. You, your 6.She and her mother enjoyed at the party. A. herself B. them C. themselves疑问代词：疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句，主要用于询问何人、何物、什么。常用的疑问代词有：who, whose, which, what.1.who只能用于

12、对人的提问，意为：谁。 Who is on duty today? Who knows the girl in red?2.whose也用于对人的提问，询问所有关系，意为：谁的。 Whose book is this? Whose pencil are those in the pencil-case?3.which可用于对人、事、物的提问，意为：哪一个。 Which one is your brother? Which one do you like best, an apple, a banana or an orange?，意为：什么。 What are you doing? What

13、day is it today?5.when 可用于对时间的提问，意为：什么时候 When do you go to the park?Practice一用适当疑问代词填空：1._isyourmathteacher?2._subjectishetalking?3._wenttoseetheheadmasteroftheschoolyesterday?4.For_didhebuyaticket?5._doyouprefer,riceofbread?二把下列句子译成英语:1.这是谁的自行车？2.哪一支铅笔是你的，蓝的还是红的？六、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有

14、all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如：anybody, something, no one）。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但none和由some, any, no, every thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语；而every和no只

15、能作定语。不定代词的形式：不定代词词义复合形式说 明some一些（可数或不可数）something 某物、某事someone 某人somebody 某人一般用于肯定句any一些，任何（可数或不可数）anything 任何事物anyone 任何人anybody 任何人一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中no没有，无nothing 无物nobody 无人no one 无一人修饰可数或不可数名词，复合形式只具有名词的作用every每个，所有的everything 每一个事物，一切everyone 每人everybody 人人强调共性，词义和 all 相近all全体、所有的 代替或修饰可数名词时，指

16、两个以上的人或物，也可代替或修饰不可数名词。each每个 强调个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。few很少（可数） 表示否定a few一些，几个（可数） 表示肯定little很少（不可数） 表示否定a little一些（不可数） 表示肯定many很多（可数） _much很多（不可数） _both两个，两者都 仅指两个人或物neither没有人或物 仅指两个人或物none没有人或物 指两个以上的人或物，当指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数都可以。either每个 强调个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。other(s)另一个(些) _another另外一个，又一个 相当于 an otherone一个(人

17、或物) one 的复数形式是 ones不定代词的用法：1. 不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。2. 不定代词还可作定语，当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。例1We should learn to get on well with AotherBothersCthe otherDthe others答案：B提示：other泛指另外的，其他的，后面一般接名词，the other特指两者中的另一个(单数)，the others特指在某个范围中的其他人或物(复数)，others泛指其他人

18、或物(复数)。本句意思与别人友好相处是泛指。例2Would you like some coffee? Yes, just Aa littleBlittleCa fewDfew答案：A提示：a little与little修饰不可数名词，前者是有肯定的含义而后者有否定的含义。a few与few修饰可数名词，前者有肯定的含义，而后者有否定的含义。在句中coffee是不可数名词，答句中是肯定的意思。另外如果有just或only修饰只能用a little或a few。例3 of the students passed the examThey all failedANeitherBNoneCBothD

19、All答案：B提示：none与all用于三者以上的复数，none为否定，all为肯定。both与neither用于两者，both为肯定，neither为否定，原句中They all failed暗示说明没有一个人通过，要用none表示否定。例4Let Lin Tao do it by , He is no longer a kidAhimBhisChimselfDhe答案：C提示：本题是反身代词的用法，句中的by是介词，后面接人的代词的宾格或名词性物主代词，或反身代词，作它的宾格。by oneself是固定搭配强调“独立、单独”。例5-Why dont we take a little bre

20、ak-Didnt we just have ?AitBthatConeDthis答案：C提示：one替代上文中的a little break。例6 leaves the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.AAnyoneBThe personCWhoeverDWho答案：C提示：Whoever相当于anyone who（the person who）二、复习时需要注意的要点 （1）some 和any的用法 some常用于肯定句，any常用于疑问句、否定句及条件状语从句。但在表示请求、建议、反问的疑问句里，则用some。例如：1） Would

21、you like some coffee or some tea?2） If you have questions, you can come any time. （2）all指物时，谓语动词用单数，在语法上是单数，而在概念上是复数。指人时，一般作复数。 例如： 1）All is not gold that glitters. 2）All are here. （3）each和every都是单数概念，但every只能作形容词；each可以作代词和形容词。 例如： 1）Each of us has got a new book. 2）Every student is doing his best

22、at school. （4）one, the other, another, others和the other的用法 总共只有两个人或两样东西时，其中的一个是one，另一个是the other。 例如： 1）I have two uncles, one is a teacher, the other is an engineer. 总共有两个以上的人或事物，其中的第一个为one，其他的两个或两个以上为the others。 例如： 1）There are only ten boy students in Class One. The others are girl students.第三节 巩

23、固练习1_will spend the winter holiday in Hanna (海南) Island.AHe, you and IBHe, I and youCYou, he and IDI, you and he2My parents bought a new schoolbag for _.AthemBtheirsCmeDthey3With my parents away from home. I have to cook _ meals.Afor meBfor myselfCmeDmyself4Don and I found _ lying on ground when we

24、work up.AthemselvesBourselvesCthemDus5Whos _?_ is speaking, Mr. Wang.Athis ThisBthat ThatCthat ThisDthis That6Lam is often compared to Taiwanese singer Jay Chou because _ both write _ own songs and are developing R&B style.AtheirtheirBtheirtheyCtheytheirDtheythey7. I dont think this is a good sugges

25、tion. Have you any _ ones?A. another B. other C. the other D. others8. How _ Greek do you know?I am sorry. I know _ about it. Its too difficult.A. manyfew B. muchlittle C. manya few D. muchlittle9. Its _ use talking without doing.A. not B. no C. none D. no one10. Her brothers and sisters are _ colle

26、ge students in Shanghai.A. all B. both C. neither D. either11. Which of these two bicycles do you like the red one or the black one ?I like _ of them. A. some B. either C. all D. any12. He swims faster than _ boy in his class.A. any B. the other C. all the other D. any other13. _ people in Shanghai

27、go swimming in freezing weather.A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little14. I dont think _ of the answers is correct.A. neither B. either C. both D. all15. Only Li Ming and Wang Ping stayed at school for the wall newspaper. Where are _?A. all B. the other C. others D. the others16. _ of us is working h

28、ard to make our country richer and stronger.A. Each B. Every C. Everyone D. Every one17. We need _ color chalk. Have you got _?A. somesome B. someany C. anyany D. anysome18. If you dont want _ of those two trains, there is _ one at 10:30.A. anyanother B. eitheranother C. boththe other D. eitheranoth

29、er19. Has _ lost this watch?Yes, but we cant find out who.A. anybody B. someone C. one D. some20. _ of them are famous doctors, but _ of them has been to Britain.A. Bothboth B. Neitherneither C. Eithereither D. BothneitherII.把下列句子译成英语（选用括号内的不定代词）1. 你昨晚吃得多吗？ (much, many)2. 假如有人打电话来，告诉他，我不在。 (anyone,

30、someone)3. 我姐姐给我两张照片，一张是长城，另一张是上海浦东新区。 (another, the other)4. 他们都来会议室，没一个迟到。 (neither, none)5. 这个机器人展览会太精彩了，每个机器人都是学生们做的。 (each, every)6. 这两部电影没一部是有趣的，它们都很乏味。 (either, neither)7. 李奶奶没有米了，让我们给她买些。(little, a little, some, any)8. 你想要吃些蛋糕吗？ (some, any)1. All pupil was asked to write down his name on the

31、 book.2. The fish was so delicious. I had many fish.3. There are five new ball pens over there. Please give me the red some.4. The teacher gave every of her children a toy.5. There are some chairs on every side of the small river.6. Everyone of us was allowed to ask some questions.7. None of my pare

32、nts are Party members.8. Neither bats is mine.9. My aunt is going to stay in the U.S. for another weeks.10. The both children can play the piano well.IV.用适当的不定代词填空：Alittle all neither both neither another1. Please help yourself to the fruit.Sorry, I cant now, because _ my hands are dirty.2. I failed

33、 to pass the test._ did she.3. Theres _ letter for you, Mary.4. _ goes well. _ are here.5. I dont like the pair of shoes. Please show _ pair.1. Theres _ rain in Xian these months.Banything each many every other fewer something1. How _ new Japanese words have you learned this term?2. Theres a red ball in the boys hand and an apple in his _ hand.3. _ child enjoys Christmas. They _ have some presents.4. She did better than I. There are _ mistakes in her test than in my test5. Mum, I am so hungry. I want to eat _. _ will do.