专四新题型写作讲义

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1、-1. 专四写作题型简介考试工程改革前改革后分值字数时间分值字数时间position15200352020045Note writing1050 6010无此项2.四级作文考试要求测试要求:能根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到容相关、充实，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。考试时间45分钟。测试形式：本局部为作答题，要求学生根据题目要求作答。本局部为命题作文，文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的围。测试目的：测试学生的根本书面表达能力。3.如何安排45分钟的考试时间：步骤时间安排1.解读材料10分钟2.列提纲3分钟3.写作文30分钟4.检查拼写和语法错误

2、2分钟年份TEM4作文材料长度2021年222字2021年251字2021年275字2021年300字4.评分标准评分档次6 个等级分数段整体描述容阐述能力10 分篇章组织能力(3 分)语言运用能力7 分518-208.5-102.5-36.5-7415-177.5-82-2.55.5-6312-146-71.5-24.5-528-115-5.51-1.53.5-411-71-50.5-11-300000写作Lesson 1:如何缩写1.如何对所给材料提出SUMMARY第一，字数要求。缩写的字数不超过原文的三分之一缩写评分要求第二，缩写必须准确表述文摘的主题和中心容第三，缩写必须全面抓住材料的

3、所有要点2.如何抓住材料要点语篇分析训练1. 材料的主题/话题topic是什么：2. 材料的要点是什么.3.专四材料常见类型和常见文章开展模式：观点型问题解决型因果分析型4. summary 的写作框架Step 1: 引出topic 一句话Step 2: 介绍材料观点一句话Step 3: 概括要点2-5句话常见要点类型：原因、解决方法、积极/消极影响、5.SUMMARY例分析Read carefully the following e*cerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response In

4、NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1) summarize the main message of the e*cerpt, and then2) ment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save moneyYou should support yourself with information from the e*cerptMarks will be awarded for co

5、ntent relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksTerm-time holidays will be banned (2021年真题Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UKs Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save

6、 money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to authorise absence from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at schoolAny time out of school has the potential to damage a childs educ

7、ation, a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.This is part of the governments wider mitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties f

8、or parents and schools.The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted e*cuses for failure.Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National A

9、ssociation of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a childs education is more important than a holiday, he said.卷一：Term-time Holida

10、ys Should Be BannedWhether the term-time holidays should be banned has aroused an heaten discussion for a longtime. Some in favor of hold that the more popular term-time holidays they are, the more bad influence children will have. However, some against it because they think take their children out

11、of school for holiday during term time can save much money.From my point of view, I am inclined to ban the term-time holidays,.评价:_卷二Term-time Holidays Should Be BannedAs is known to all, it pays too much if we go on holidays outside of term time. As a result, some parents are inclined to take their

12、 children out of school to save money on holidays.Recently, a hot discussion about whether term-time holidays should be banned attracts our attention. In terms of this topic, Michael Gove, UKS Education Secretary, is in favor of it. As e*perts said, any time out of school was likely to damage a chil

13、ds education. The authoratatives contend that parents should be fined for their mistakes. On the other hand, some people think the punishment is e*cessive but a childs education is more important than a holiday.From my perspective, I hold the view that term-time holidays should be banned for followi

14、ng reasons:评价:_卷三My Opinion on the Term-time HolidaysThe latest news on the term-time holidays reveals that parents are to be banned from taking their children away from school during term-time. Those who break this new rule will face fines as a result.The regulation was established, according to a

15、senior source at the Department for Education, mainly because the time out of school would do harm to childrens educational development. He also mentioned that the regulation was an integral part of governments practice to lower the truancy levels in schools. This rigorous measure is believed to res

16、olve the cultural problems in the education eventually. Additionally, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers considered the measure useful as it would prevent parents from too much pressure.To the best of my belief, it is unwise to ban parents from taking their children o

17、ut of school for holiday in purpose of saving money. Firstly,.评价:_卷四As can be seen from the e*cerpt, in UK, there is a frequent occurrence among parents to take their children out of school to enjoy holidays during normal term time. This is partly due to the cost of journey since this behavior will

18、save them money. However, it can be summarized that parents are banned by UKS Education Department from taking their children out of academic study to go on holidays. Whats more, those who violate the regulations would be fined and punished. 评价:_卷五New research has shown that nearly four out of ten p

19、arents in the UK have taken their children out of school to go on holidays. Cost is the main reason given by parents for sacrificing their childrens education. Parents are to be banned, however, by UKS Education Authority from taking their children out of school to go on holidays during term time. 评

20、价:_6.真题研析2021年专四作文题目Read carefully the following e*cerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the e*cerpt, and then2) ment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.You can support yourself with i

21、nformation from the e*cerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWith intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazyChanging technology stimulates

22、the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligentArtificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance, planes are being flown

23、much of the time by automatic pilots. And the ple* problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.Artificial intelligence is embedded in many features of modern

24、 life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a human advantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make lif

25、e easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: Organize a dinner party for si* on Thursday and invite the usual guests.At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is

26、 at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain -the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort, our brains will regress.要点总结TopicViewpoint(谁的观点要点SUMMARY:_2021年专四作文题目Read carefully the following report, an

27、d then write your response inNO LESS THAN 200words, In which you should:1) summarize the main message of the report, and then2)ment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survivals DirectorYou can support yourself with information from the reportMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content

28、 sufficiency, organization and language quality, Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report e*poses the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International-the global movement for tribal people rights- revea

29、ls how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from protected areas, since protected areas like national parks should generally be no go for miming, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survivals report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestra

30、l homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of conservation, tribal peoples are being illegally driven out from these lands and accuse poaching; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big game hunters are weled in.Bushman Daugoo *uk

31、uri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why Because we know how to take care of animals.Survivals report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shakeup. Conservation must stic

32、k to international law, protect tribal peoples rights to their lands, listen to them. and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survivals Director Stephen Corry said, Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environments in deepening crisis. Its time to wak

33、e up and realize that there is another way and its much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best e*perts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize its they, themselves, who are junior partners.

34、要点总结TopicViewpoint(谁的观点要点SUMMARY:_2021年专四作文题目Read carefully the following e*cerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 WORDS, in which you should1) summarize the main message of the e*cerpt, and then2)ment on Brewers view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their

35、 media consumption,You can support yourself with information from the e*cerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREEHow much

36、screen time is too much for kidsParents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests its the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have bee a depressing part of family life. Many pa

37、rents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that its not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of digital nutrition likens media diets to whats on our plates: rather than counting calories

38、 (or screen time) think about what you re eating.Its not Just about whether you consume any potential digital Junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life, says Brewer. For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are play

39、ing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the O*ford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and childrens well-being. The studys lead author Dr. Andrew Pryzbylski said: Our findings

40、 suggest the broader family conte*t, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they are actively engaged in e*ploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful -and reasonable restrictions

41、 vary greatly, depending on a childs behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens, says Brewer. Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high quality, a

42、ge-appropriate and safe-and joining in wherever possible.要点总结TopicViewpoint(谁的观点要点SUMMARY:_7.模拟训练模拟题一Read carefully the following e*cerpt on Historical Debate on Animal E*perimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should 1.summarize the main message of the e*

43、cerpt, and then2.ment on whether we should use animals for e*perimentation purpose or notYou should support yourself with information from the e*cerpt。Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may res

44、ult in a loss of marksHistorical Debate on Animal E*perimentationAs the e*perimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655，the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund OMeara said that the miserable torture of vivisection places the b

45、ody in an unnatural state. OMeara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humans did not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal

46、 testing also came from another angle-many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied tohumans.On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that e*periments on animals were necessary to advance medica

47、l and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard-who is sometimes known as the prince of vivisectors and the father of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Francoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 -famously wrote in 1865 that the science of life is a superb and dazzlingl

48、y lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen. Arguing that e*periments on animalsare entirely conclusive for the to*icology and hygiene of man. the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree, Bernard establi

49、shed animal e*perimentation as part of the standard scientific method.TopicViewpoint(谁的观点要点SUMMARY:_模拟题二Read carefully the following e*cerpt on safety of genetically modified food, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the e*cerpt,

50、 and then2.ment on whether we should advocate genetically modified food or not.You should support yourself with information from the e*cerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Genetically Modified Food: Are They SafeTwo years ago in Edinburgh, Scotlan