考研英语二历年真题-2012(汇编)

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1、精品文档2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section Use of EnglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that s not how it used to be .Tothe men and women who1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the2man grown int

2、o hero ,the pool farm kid torn away fromhis home ,the guy who3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the4of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and droveback the Nazi reign ofmurder.thiswasnota volunteersoldier ,notsomeone wellpaid, 5anaverage guy,up6the best trained

3、,bestequipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation7Government Issue ,and it was onall of the article8to soldiers .And Joe? A commonname for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magraca working class name.TheUnited States

4、has10had a president or vicepresidentor secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a11 career fighting German ,Japanese , andKorean troops . He appers as a character,or a 12of american personalities, in the1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the s

5、oldiers Pyle13portrayde themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the14side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were15or what townswere captured or liberated, His reports16the “willie ” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both

6、men17the dirt and exhaustionof war, the18of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.19Egypt, France,and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.1.AperformedBservedC

7、rebelledDbetrayed2.AactualBcommonCspecialDnormal3.AboreBcasedCremovedDloaded4.AnecessitiesBfaciliticeCcommoditiesDproperties5.AandBnorCbutDhence6.AforBintoC formDagainst7.AmeaningBimplyingCsymbolizingDclaiming8.Ahanded outBturn overCbrought backDpassed down9.ApushedBgotCmadeDmanaged10.AeverBneverCei

8、therDneither11.AdisguisedBdisturbedCdisputedDdistinguished12.AcompanyBcollectionCcommunityDcolony13.AemployedBappointedCinterviewedDquestioned14.AethicalBmilitaryCpoliticalDhuman15.AruinedBcommutedCpatrolledDgained16.AparalleledBcounteractedCduplicatedDcontradicted17.AneglectedBavoidedCemphasizedDad

9、mired18.AstagesBillusionsCfragmentsDadvance19.AWithBToCAmongDBeyond20.Aon the contraryB by this meansCfrom the outsetDat that pointSection ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHE

10、ET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts精品文档精品文档across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunatel

11、y,L.A. Unified has produced aninflexiblepolicy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student sacademic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in comp

12、leting their homework. But the policy isunclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentiallygiving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going

13、riskily close to the implication that standards need tobe lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homeworkcounting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easi

14、ly skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some studentsmight do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It isquite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather t

15、han empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to itsstudents academic achievement, it shoul

16、d move to reduce eliminateor the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homeworkdoes nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is

17、responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conductspublic hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 thatnowadays homework_.A. is receiving more criticismB.is no longer an educational ritualC.is not required for advan

18、ced coursesD.is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.A.tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB.have asked for a different educational standardC.may have problems finishing their homeworkD.have voiced their complaints ab

19、out homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_.A.discourage students from doing homeworkB.result in students indifference to their report cardsC.undermine the authority of state testsD.restrict teachers power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key que

20、stion unanswered about homework iswhether_.A it should be eliminatedB.it counts much in schoolingC.it places extra burdens on teachersD.it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be_.A.Wrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyB.A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC.Thorny Q

21、uestions about HomeworkD.A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girlsliv es. Tt is not that pink isintrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girl

22、hood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girlsto appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls a

23、ttraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, butaccording to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practic

24、al matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What smore, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated wit

25、h strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifyingage and sex differences became a dominant children s marketing strategy,fullythatcamepinkinto its own, when it began to seem inherently attract

26、ive togirls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.精品文档精品文档I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that

27、 phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrenehaviour: wrong. Turns out, sacdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that

28、, in order to increase sales, they should create abetween infant“thirdwearsteppingandolderstonekids clothes. Tt was only after“ toddler” became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly acceptedlstagedevelopmenta.Splittingkids, oradults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire

29、way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify genderdifferences or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it is.the rainbow(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink_.A.should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB.should not be associated

30、 with girls innocenceC.cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD.cannot influence girls lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？A.Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B.Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C.Pink used to be a neutral colour i

31、n symbolising genders.D.White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development wasmuch influenced by_.A.the marketing of products for childrenB.the observation of childrens natureC.researches into childrens behaviorD.studies of childhood consump

32、tion29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.A.focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB.attach equal importance to different gendersC.classify consumers into smaller groupsD.create some common shoppers terms30.It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seem

33、s to be_.A.clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB.fully understood by clothing manufacturersC.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD.well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated

34、DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% ofhuman genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology IndustryOrganisation (BIO) ， a trade group， assured members that this was just a“ preliminary step” in a longer battle.On

35、July 29th they were relieved ， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision ， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeedholb patents to two genss that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah ，said the ruling was able

36、ssing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Criticsmake three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented； gene pa

37、tents suppress innovation rather thanreward it ； and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad

38、case ， arguing that an isolat ed DNA molecule “ isno less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals courts decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violatesthe paten

39、ts of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNAmolecules-most are already patented or inthe public domain .firms are now studying how genes i

40、ntcract,lookingfor correlations that might be used todetermine the causes of disease or predict a drug s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits ,BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will

41、hear in its next term. The BIOrtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like_.A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patent

42、ing精品文档精品文档C.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that_.A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents ongenes depend much on innovations D.courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.according to hans

43、sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for_.A.establishing disease compellationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34By saying “ each meeting was packedline4,para6)the”(author means that _.A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful

44、organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventions35.generally speaking ,the author s attitudegenetowpatentingr is_.A.critical B.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before

45、 it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and thecharacter of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Ma

46、ny said that unemployment, while extremely painful, hadimproved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awo

47、ken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argue

48、s that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict be

49、tween races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist

50、in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are lef

51、t behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , isdiscerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society s characterthe.InUmany.S.wasrespects,moresocially tolerant entering this

52、 resession thanat any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying“

53、 to find silver linings（Line 1,Para”.2）the author suggest that the jobless tryto_.A.seek subsidies from the government B.explore reasons for the unemploymentC.make profits from the troubled economyD.look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_.A.

54、realize the national dreamB.struggle against each otherC.challenge their lifestyleD.reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_.A.impose a heavier burden on immigrantsB.bring out more evils of human natureC.Promote the advance of rights and freedomsD.ease con

55、flicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from eliteuniversities tend to _.A.lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesB.catch up quickly with experienced employeesC.s ee their life chances as dimmed as the othersD.recovermore

56、 quickly than the others精品文档精品文档40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is_.A.certain B.positiveC.trivialD.destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from theright column that corresponds to each of the marked detailsg

57、iven in the left column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)“ Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote theVictorian sage Thomas Carlyle.

58、Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested

59、 in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on hisrambling writingDe Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, highlightingthe virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness inconquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its