数学部分词汇

《数学部分词汇》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《数学部分词汇（46页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、数学部分词汇1、 有关基本运算：add， plus 加divisor 因子，除数subtract 减quotient商difference 差remainder余数multiply,times乘factorial阶乘product 积power 乘方divide 除radicalsign,rootsign 根号divisible 可被整除的roundto四舍五入dividedevenly被整除tothenearest四舍五入dividend 被除数2.有关集合union 并集solution set解集proper subset真子集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数

2、项range 值域like terms,similar terms同类项original equation原方程numerical coefficient数字系数equivalent equation 同解方程literal coefficient字母系数等价方程inequality 不等式linear equation 线性方程triangle inequality三角不等式4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数denominator分母improper fraction假分数(least)common denominator( 最小 )mixed number带分数公分母v

3、ulgar fraction，common fraction普quarter 四分之一通分数decimal fraction纯小数simple fraction简分数infinite decimal无穷小数complex fraction繁分数recurring decimal循环小数numerator 分子tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值cube root立方根weighted average 加权平均值common logarithm 常用对数geometric mean几何平均数digit 数字exponent 指数，幂constant常

4、数base 乘幂的底数 ,底边variable变量cube 立方数，立方体inversefunction反函数square root 平方根complementary function 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization因式分解6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole numbe

5、r负整数consecutive number 连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数 ,有理数irrational(number) 无理数 inverse 倒数composite number合数7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise( 逆)顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数directproportion正比distinct 不同的estimation估计，近似几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle 内错角 correspond

6、ing angle 同位角 vertical angle 对顶角 central angle 圆心角 interior angle 内角absolute value 绝对值， e.g.-32 =32round off四舍五入prime number质数倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小 )公倍数(prime)factor(质 )因子common factor 公因子 ordinaryscale,decimalscale 十进制 nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数c

7、ommon ratio公比geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列parentheses 括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数 unit 单位 ,位exterior angle 外角 supplement aryangles 补角 complement aryangle 余角 adjacent angle 邻角 acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角2.所有的三角形equil

8、ateral triangle 等边三角形 scalene triangle 不等边三角形 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line,straight line直线line segment 线段5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular

9、 solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference,perimeter周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cros ssection 横截面straight angle 平角included angle 夹角right triangle直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形polygon 多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane 平面square 正

10、方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形parallel lines平行线segment of a circle 弧形circular cylinder圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的center of acircle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side夹边midpoint 中点leg 三角形的直角边end

11、point 端点medianofatriangle 三角形的中线vertex( 复数形式 vertices) 顶点base 底边，底数 (e.g.2 的 5 次方，2 就tangent 切线的是底数 )transversal截线opposite 直角三角形中的对边intercept 截距7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系numberline数轴rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系quadrant 象限origin 原点slope 斜率abscissa 横坐标complex plane复平面ordinate 纵坐标8.其它plane geometry 平面

12、几何intersect 相交trigonometry三角学perpendicular垂直bisect 平分pythagorean theorem 勾股定理circumscribe外切congruent全等的inscribe 内切multilateral多边的1.单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel5 美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12 个 )score 廿(20 个 )Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑 (1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺min

13、ute 分( 角度的度量单位， 60 分=1 度)squaremeasure 平方单位制cubicmeter 立方米pint 品脱 (干量或液量的单位 )SAT 数学词汇assume that假设 approximation近似，近似值absolute value绝对值 acute锐（角） alternate angles内错角angle 角 area 面积 arithmetic sequence差数列assumption假设 asymptote渐近线at random随机地 average均的 axis 轴 circle圆 circumference周长 clockwise顺时针的commo

14、ndivisor公约数common multiple公倍数composite number合数 cone等平圆锥 congruent 全等的 coordinate 坐标 cube 立方体 cube root 立方根cylinder圆柱体 diagonal对角线 digit数字，位divide除 divisible可整除的 domain 定义域 eccentricity 离心率 elipse 椭圆 equilateral 等边的 even偶的 expotent指数 function函数 geometric sequence等比数列hyperbola双曲线infinite无穷的integer整数

15、intercept截距物理部分词汇absolute acceleration 绝对加速度 absolute error 绝对误差 absolute motion 绝对运动 absolute temperature 绝对温度 absolute velocity 绝对速度 absolute zero 绝对零度 absorption 吸收absorptivity 吸收率 accelerated motion 加速运动 acceleration of gravity 重力加速度 acceleration 加速度accidental error 偶然误差 acoustics 声学acting force

16、作用力adjustment调节aether 以太air pump抽气机air table气垫桌air track气垫导轨alternating current circuit交流电路alternating current generator交流发电机alternating current交流电altimeter测高仪ammeter安培计ampere meter电流计ampere 安培Amperes experiment安培实验Amperes force 安培力Amperes law安培定律ampere meter安培计amplitude振幅angle of rotation 自转角，转动角an

17、gular acceleration角加速度angular displacement角位移angular velocity 角速度anion 负离子anisotropy 各向异性annihilation湮没anode 阳极antenna天线applied physics 应用物理学 Archimedes principle 阿基米德原理 area 面积argumentation论证argument辐角atomic nucleus原子核atomic physics原子物理学atomic spectrum原子 光谱atomic structure原子结构atom原子Atwood s machine

18、阿特伍德机average power平均功率average velocity平均速度Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律 balance 天平ballistic galvanometer冲击电流计band spectrum带状谱barometer气压计basic quantity基本量basic units基本单位battery charger电池充电器battery, accumulator蓄电池battery电池组beam 光束betatron电子感应加速器Bohr atom model 玻尔原子模型boiling point沸点bo

19、iling沸腾bounce反弹bound charge束缚电荷bound electron束缚电子branch circuit支路breakdown击穿brightness亮度buoyancy force浮力calorifics 热学camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor 电容器 capillarity 毛细现象 cathode ray 阴极射线 cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 cathode 阴极cation 正离子cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标centre of gravity重心centre of mass质心centrifuga

20、l force离心力centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force向心力chain reaction链式反应chaos 混沌characteristic spectrum特征光谱charged body 带电体charged particle带电粒子charge 充电circular hole diffraction圆孔衍射circular motion圆周运动classical mechanics 经典力学classical physics 经典物理学cloud chamber云室coefficient of maximum staticfric

21、tion 最大静摩摩系数coefficient of restitution恢复系数coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数coefficient系数coherent light相干光源coil 线圈collision碰撞component force 分力 component velocity 分速度 composition of forces 力的合成 composition of velocities 速度的合成compression压缩concave lens 凹透镜concave mirror凹面镜concurrent force共点力conden

22、sation凝结condenser 电容器conducting medium 导电介质 conductor 导体conservative force field 保守力场 conservative force 保守力constant force恒力constant 常量continuous spectrum连续谱convergent lens会聚透镜convex lens 凸透镜convex mirror凸面镜coordinate system 坐标系coplanar force共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力corpuscular property粒子性corpuscular t

23、heory微粒说Coulomb force库仑力coulomb 库仑Coulombs law库仑定律counter计数器creation产生creepage 漏电crest 波峰critical angle 临界角 critical resistance 临界电阻 critical temperature 临界温度crystal 晶体current density电流密度current element电流元current source电流源current strength电流强度curvilinear motion曲线运动cyclotron回旋加速器damped vibration阻尼振动da

24、mping阻尼Daniel cell丹聂耳电池data processing数据处理data 数据decay 衰变definition of ampere 安培的定义 defocusing 散集density密度derived quantity导出量derived unit导出单位dielectric电介质diffraction pattern衍射图样diffraction衍射diffuse reflection漫反射digital timer 数字计时器 dimensional exponent 量纲指数 dimension 量纲diode 二级管diopter屈光度direct curre

25、nt, DC直流direct impact正碰direct measurement直接测量discharge放电disorder无序dispersion色散displacement位移divergent lens发散透镜Doppler effect多普勒效应double slit diffraction双缝衍射driving force驱动力dry cell 干电池echo 回声eddy current涡流effective value有效值elastic body弹性体elastic force弹性力elasticity弹性electric charge电荷electric circuit电

26、路electric corona电晕electric energy电能electric field电场electric field intensity电场强度electric field line电场线electric flux 电通量electric leakage漏电electric neutrality电中性electric potential电位，电势electric potential difference电位差，电势差electric potential energy电位能electric power电功率electric quantity电量electrification起电el

27、ectrification by friction摩擦起电electrified body带电体electrode电极electrolysis电解electrolyte电解质electromagnetic damping电磁阻尼electromagnetic induction电磁感应electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射electromagnetic wave 电磁波 electromagnetic wave spectrum 电磁波谱electromagnetism inductionphenomenon电磁感应现象electromagnet电磁体electromete

28、r静电计electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron beam电子束electron cloud电子云electron microscope 电子显微镜electron volt电子伏特electroscope验电器electrostatic equilibrium静电平衡electrostatic induction静电感应electrostatic screening静电屏蔽elementary charge基本电荷，元电荷energy 能量energy level能级equilibrium平衡equilibrium condition平衡条件equ

29、ilibrium of forces力的平衡equilibrium position平衡位置equilibrium state平衡态equivalent source theorem 等效电源定理erect image 正像error误差ether 以太evaporation蒸发excitation激发excitation state激发态experiment实验experimental physics实验物理学external force外力eyepiece 目镜far sight远视Faraday cylinder 法拉第圆筒 Faraday law of electromagnetic

30、induction 法拉第电磁感应定律 Faradays law of electromagneticinduct 法拉第电磁感应定律 farad 法拉 (电容的单位 )film interference 薄膜干涉 final velocity 末速度first cosmic velocity第一宇宙速度fission裂变fixed-axis rotation定轴转动flotation balance浮力秤fluid流体focal length焦距focusing调焦，聚焦focus焦点force力forced vibration受迫振动fractal分形free charge自由电荷free

31、 electron自由电子free period自由周期freezing point凝固点frequency 频率friction force摩擦力fusion聚变galvanometer电流计gas 气体general physics普通物理学generator 发电机good conductor良导体gravitation引力gravity重力gravitational potential energy 重力势能gravity field重力场ground earth接地ground state基态ground wire地线alf life period半衰期heat transfer传热

32、hertz 赫兹 (频率的单位 )Hooke law胡克定律humidity湿度hydrogen氢原子hypothesis假设ice point冰点ideal gas理想气体image 像image distance像距image height 像高imaging 成像imperfect inelastic collision非完全弹性碰撞impulse 冲量incident angle入射角incident ray 入射线indirect measurement间接测量induced electric current感应电流induced electric field感应电场inductio

33、n current 感应电流induction electromotive force感应电动势induction motor感应电动机inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力inertial system惯性系infrared ray 红外线infrasonic wave次声波initial phase 初位相initial velocity初速度input 输入instantaneous power瞬时功率instantaneous velocity瞬时速度instrument仪器insulated conductor绝缘导体insulating medium绝缘介质ins

34、ulator绝缘体intensity of sound 声强interference 干涉interference fringe干涉条纹interference pattern干涉图样interferometer干涉仪internal energy内能internal force内力internal resistance内阻intonation声调inverted image倒像invisible light不可见光ion beam离子束ionization电离irreversible process 不可逆过程 isobaric process 等压过程 isobar 等压线isochori

35、c process 等体积过程 isothermal 等温线 isothermal process 等温过程 isotope 同位素isotropy各向同性joule焦耳（功的单位）Joule heat焦耳热Joule law焦耳定律Joule law焦耳定律Kepler law开普勒定律kinematics运动学kinetic energy动能Laplaces equation拉普拉斯方程laser 激光，激光器law 定律law of conservation of angularmomentum角动量守恒定律law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律law o

36、f conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律law of conservation of momentum动量守恒定律law of electric charge conservation电荷守恒定律Le Syst me International d Unit s 国际单位制 (SI)lead 导线length长度lens 透镜lens formula透镜公式Lenzs law 楞次定律lepton轻子Light ray光线light source光源light wave光波ligh

37、tning rod避雷针light光line spectrum线状谱lines of current电流线lines of force of electric field电力线liquefaction液化liquefaction point液化点liquid 液体longitudinal wave纵波loop 回路Lorentz force洛仑兹力luminous intensity发光强度magnetic field磁场magnetic field intensity磁场强度magnetic field line磁场线magnetic induction flux磁感应通量magnetic

38、induction磁感应强度magnetic induction line磁感应线magnetic material磁性材料magnetic needle 磁针magnetic pole磁极magnetics 磁学magnetism磁学magnetization磁化magnet 磁体magnification放大率magnifier 放大镜，放大器manometer流体压强计mass 质量mass defect质量亏损mass-energy equation质能方程matter 物质matter wave物质波Maxwells equations麦克斯韦方程组mean speed平均速率mea

39、n velocity平均速度measurement测量mechanical energy机械能mechanical motion机械运动mechanical vibration机械振动mechanics力学medium介质melting fusion熔化melting point熔点metre rule 米尺microdetector灵敏电流计micrometer caliper螺旋测微器microscope 显微镜microscopic particle微观粒子mirror reflection镜面反射mirror 镜mixed unit system混合单位制modern physics现

40、代物理学molar volume摩尔体积molecular spectrum分子光谱molecular structure分子结构moment of force 力矩 momentum of electromagnetic field 电磁场的动量momentum动量motor电动机multimeter多用电表musical quality音色N pole北极natural frequency固有频率natural light自然光negative charge负电荷negative crystal负晶体negative ion负离子negative plate负极板network网络neut

41、ralization中和neutron中子newton牛顿（力的单位）Newton first law牛顿第一定律Newton second law牛顿第二定律Newton third law牛顿第三定律nonequilibrium state非平衡态north pole北极nucleus force核力nucleus of condensation 凝结核 object 物object distance物距object height物高objective物镜observation观察Oersteds experiment 奥斯特实验 ohm 欧姆Ohm law 欧姆定律ohmmeter欧姆计

42、Ohms law欧姆定律open circuit开路optical bench 光具座optical centre of lens 透镜光心optical fiber光导纤维optical glass光学玻璃optical instrument 光学仪器optical lever光杠杆optical path difference光程差optical path光程(路)optically denser medium光密介质optically thinner medium光疏介质optics 光学orbit轨道order有序oscillograph示波器output输出overweight超重p

43、arallel connection of condensers 电容器的并联parallelogram rule 平行四边形定律 parallel-resonance circuit 并联谐振电路parameter参量particle质点，粒子Pascal law 帕斯卡定律path 路程peak 峰值pendulum摆penumbra半影perfect conductor理想导体perfect elastic collision完全弹性碰撞perfect inelastic collision完全非弹性碰撞periodicity 周期性period 周期periscope 潜望镜perma

44、nent magnet 永磁体 permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数permittivity电容率phase 位相phenomenon现象photocurrent光电流photoelectric cell光电管photoelectric effect光电效应photoelectron光电子photography照相术photon 光子physical balance物理天平physical quantity物理量physics 物理学pitch 音调Planck constant 普朗克常量 plasma 等离子体point charge点电荷polarization偏振

45、polarized light偏振光polycrystal多晶体poor conductor 不良导体 positive charge 正电荷 positive crystal 正晶体 positive ion 正离子 positive plate 正极板 positron 正电子 potential energy 势能 potentiometer 电位差计 power 功率pressure 压强，压力primary coil原线圈principle of constancy of lightvelocity光速不变原理prism棱镜projectile抛体projectile motion

46、抛体运动 projector 投影仪 proton 质子pulley滑轮pulley block滑轮组quantity of heat热量quantization量子化quantum量子quantum mechanics 量子力学 quantum number 量子数 radar 雷达radioactive source放射源radius of gyration回旋半径random motion无规则运动range 量程rated voltage额定电压reacting force反作用力real image实像real object实物reasoning推理recoil 反冲rectilin

47、ear motion直线运动reference frame参考系，坐标系reference system参考系reflected angle反射角reflected ray 反射线reflection coefficient反射系数reflection law反射定律reflectivity反射率refracted angle折射角refracted ray 折射线refraction law折射定律refraction coefficient折射系数refractive index折射率relative acceleration相对加速度relative error 相对误差relative

48、 motion相对运动relative velocity相对速度relativity相对论resistance电阻resistance box电阻箱resistivity电阻率resistor 电阻器resolution of force力的分解resolution of velocity速度的分解resonance共振，共鸣resonant frequency共振频率resultant force合力resultant velocity合速度reversibility of optical path 光路可逆性reversible process可逆过程rheostat变阻器right-ha

49、nd screw rule 右手螺旋定则 rocker 火箭rotating magnetic field旋转磁场rotation自转，转动Rutherford scattering卢瑟福散射Rutherford -particle scattering experiment 卢瑟福 散射实验 S pole 南极saturation饱和scalar 标量scalar field标量场scanner 扫描器second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度selective absorption 选择吸收 self-induced electromotive force 自感电动势sel

50、f-inductance 自感 self-induction phenomenon 自感系数semiconductor半导体semi-transparent film半透膜sensitive galvanometer 灵敏电流计 sensitivity 灵敏度 sensitometer 感光计 sensor 传感器series connection of condensers 电容器的串联series-resonance circuit 串联谐振电路short circuit短路short sight近视shunt resistor分流电阻significant figure有效数字simple harmonic motion (SHM)简谐运动simple harmonic wave简谐波simple pendulum单摆single crystal （monocrystal ） 单晶体single slit diffraction单缝衍射sinusoidal alternating current简谐交流电sinusoidal