定语从句PowerPoint演示文稿课件

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1、定语从句复习定语从句复习定义：定义：定语从句：定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。先行词：先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导词：引导词：引导定语从句的词，包括关系代词和关系副词。引导词引导词（关系词）关系代词：关系副词：that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,why引引 导导 词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词在在定语从句中作定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语在在从从句中句中作宾作宾语可语可省去省去 先行词为先行词为whot

2、hatwhomwhichwhoseas人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的某物某物/整个句子整个句子WhenWherewhy分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语不能用非限制性定语不能用that 引导；引导；要用逗号隔开。要用逗号隔开。他什么也没说，这让她很生气。Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他没有说任何让她生气的话。注意：在英语中，有无标点，会引起句义的变化注意：在英语中，有无标点，会引起句义的变化。1)Enteringtheroom,If

3、oundanoteonthetable,_read:IveleftforHarbin.“2)Enteringtheroom,Ifoundanoteonthetable._read:IveleftforHarbin.AwhichBItwhichItwhich,thatwhich,that(先行词为物）先行词为物）区别？区别？1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况：(1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等等不定代词不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。）先行词既是人又是物。（3）先行词为形容词的

4、最高级或序数词）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every 等修饰时等修饰时。This is the very book that I am looking for.Who that has such a home doesnt love it?（5）一个句子有两个定语从句时，第一个从句已用一个句子有两个定语从句时，第一个从句已用who或或which时，第二个句子用时，第二个句子用that.反之亦然。反之亦然。（6）以疑问词开头的句子）以疑问词开头的句子Themanwhoisattableishisbroth

5、erthathasbeenservinginthearmy.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which1.介词前提时介词前提时(先行词为物先行词为物)注意注意:Which:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。也不能省。who,that（先行词为人）先行词为人）区别？区别？1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词

6、时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.2.用用that不用不用who的情况的情况：(1)当先行词既是人又是物。当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个当句子出现一个who等。等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered

7、thereWho is the man that spoke to you just now?Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.as与which相同点：均可引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。不同点：as位置灵活，可放句首和句中。which不能放句首。as“正如，正像”asweallknowasisknowntoallasismentionedaboveasisexpectedasisreportedasisoftenthecase_Iexpectedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredat

8、thenextmeeting.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.AsWhichthesame()asthesame()that.1)Thisisthesamepen_Ilosttheotherday.Thereismynameonit.2)Thisisthesamebook_Ilentyouyesterday.Wheredidyoubuyit?thatas同一个同一个同一类同一类such

9、/soas such/sothat (1)Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an problem _ none of us worked out.(2)It is such a heavy box _ no one can lift it.thatasWhose的用法：在引导定语从句时，既可指人又可指物。指物时，相当于the+n.+of+which或of+which+the+n.Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.GeorgeOrwell,_realnamewasEric

10、Arthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessayswhosewhosetheroofofwhichofwhichtheroof定语从句的分离现象1)ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.AthatBwhichCwhoDwhere2)Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhat3)Thefilmbrough

11、tthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.AuntilBthatCwhenDwhere代词/数词+关系词引导的定语从句1)Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.AnoneofthemBbothofthemCnoneofwhomDneitherofwhom2)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.AofwhichBwhichofCofthemDo

12、fthat 介词前提现象介词前提现象：先行词为人先行词为人,关系代词用关系代词用 whom;先行词为物先行词为物,关系代词用关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用句尾，引导词可用that 或或who,而且可省去。而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词介词+which1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown.(=why)2.Ill never forget the day_ _ w

13、e stayed together.(=when)3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4.The person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy all that you need.(=where)6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;)for whichon whichfrom whom to whomin whichin whic

14、h1)Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,after_hefoundajobinabigcompany.AthatBwhichCitDthis2)Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,_wegavesomebellsandglasses.AtowhichBtowhomCwithwhomDwithwhich3)Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthes

15、cenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.AinwhichBbywhichCwhichDthat拆分词组（固定搭配）1)Thesecondisconnectedwiththeuse_thebodymakesoffood.A.ofwhichB.whereC.todoD.that2)Whycantyourealizethepart_theyhaveplayedinourlife?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where3）DoyouknowthedifficultyIhad_outtheproblem?A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.w

16、ork想一想一想想 理一理理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？学好定语从句最关键的是什么？要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起不同。关系代词在从句中起名词名词的作用，在从句中担任的作用，在从句中担任主语，主语，表语和宾语表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起。关系副词在从句中起副词副词的作用，在从句中担任的作用，在从句中担任状语状语。2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（

17、假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。去找从句中的从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。去找从句中的谓语动词，判断是否及物。然后分情况考虑。谓语动词，判断是否及物。然后分情况考虑。能力提升能力提升1.This is the bus _I took the other day.The bus _I went to work broke down.A.which B.with which C.by which D.where2.Is this flat _you once lived in?Is this the flat _you once lived in?Is this th

18、e only flat_you once lived in?Is this the flat in _you once lived?Is this the flat _you once lived?Is this the only flat _you once lived?A.which B.the one C.that D.where3.All_we need is more time.All_is needed is more time.A.that B.which C.D.A and B whichthe onewhich/thatthatwhich wherewhere that/不填

19、不填thatby whichThereason_hecantcomeisthathehastoworklate.Thereason_hegavetohisteacherforhisbeinglatewasthathehadbeencaughtinatrafficjam.why that/不填不填/whichThisistheway_hedidit.Idontliketheways_arementionedinthetexttousemoney.Theway_hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbehelpful.in which/that/不填不填which/th

20、atwhich/that/不填不填定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换：定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换：(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.There are lots of good English programmes _on TV or the radio in China.(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were wait

21、ing outside the CAAC offices.At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.分析基本规律：分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；是动宾关系，用过去分词；broadc

22、astwaiting2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1.I have never seen the Tower of London,which used to be a prison.I have never seen the Tower of London _ there used to be a prison.2.I saw some trees,and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.I saw some trees,the leaves of _were black with disease.3.The profes

23、sor is an ordinary-looking little man,on the nose of _ there is a pair of glasses.(and on the nose of him)4.On May 5 we reached Beijing,_ we stayed for a week.(=and there)5.In the reading room there is a table,_you can sit there to read.A.at which B.in which C.where D.and (where you can sit to read)

24、6.Toms mother kept telling Tom not to smoke,_ didnt help.(=but it)分析：分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键(一个句一个句子只能有一套主谓宾，否则就要是个并列句。子只能有一套主谓宾，否则就要是个并列句。)andwhichwhomwhereDwhich3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句（as，that）(1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it.This is such a big stone _no one can l

25、ift.(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where)Please put the letter_he can easily find it.thatasin whichwhere4.定语从句和定语从句和 with介词短语介词短语 (1)The man with a hat on his head is my father.The man _ _ a hat on his head is my father.(2)China is a country with a long history.Chi

26、na is a country _ _ a long history.5.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 (1)He did_ he could to help me.(=what)(2)_can be done has been done.(=what)(3)_is known to us all,the earth turns round the sun.It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China.who hasAsthatwhich hasall(that)Allthat7.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1)It is i

27、n this room _I lived last year.It is the room _I lived last year.(2)It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.(2)The news _he told m

28、e yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.分析分析：that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用用which which 替代。替代。That/which That/which

29、引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which1)Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.AwhereBthatCwhenDwhich2)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.AthewayBinthewaythatCinthewayDthewaywhich3)Today,welldiscussanumberofcases_beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.AwhichBasCwhyDwhere特殊词