汉英翻译课件之句子翻译之主语确定

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1、句子翻译之主语确定1、他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨，重新做人。He determined to start a new life(change to be a new man).He was determined to turn over a new leaf.（省重复）2、花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复；上海的早晨）The garden was a paradise on earth,which is full of super abundant finest rice and top noodles,silks and satins

2、that are too many to wear,jewellery that is more than you can spend.The garden was a paradise on earth,with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.（减词）3、为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。To promote China-U.S.relations,China needs to know the United States

3、better and vice versa.（省重复）4、将右腿提放20次。再将左腿提放20次。Lift and lower the right leg 20 times.The same to the left leg.Then the same with the left leg.Repeat the same as the left leg.The left is the same as the right.Lift and lower the right leg 20 times,as well as the left leg.Lift and lower the right leg

4、20 times.Repeat with the left leg.（省重复）5、我们都喜欢博得掌声，听到恭维，或者受到称赞。We are fond of applausing,hearing compliments and praising.We all enjoy applause,compliments and praise.（省动词）6）我想要他画一张他没有画过的画，我说：“你给我画一张册页，从来没有画过的。”他欣然答应了，（艾青）I wanted him to paint me something hed never painted before.When I asked him,h

5、e readily agreed.7、你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，、你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。接触它才能知道。（落花生）When you come upon a peanut plant growing in the soil,you can never immediately recognize whether it bears any nuts until you touch(get in touch with,contact with)them.When you come upon

6、a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground,you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up.汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐含或无主语的情况时有发生。例如：宿舍门口今天停满了小汽车。星期天下大雪。在桌子上有两本字典。绿油油的草地上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格管理，严格监督。起大风了。英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名只能由名词或名词性词语或主格人称代词充当。词性词语或主格人称代词充当。在英语里，除

7、祈使句祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语句子必须要有主语，否则就不成句子。We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned.Despite the serious damage in flooding,China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.The first and basic experience gained in our financial work ove

8、r the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.汉英句子比较v汉语为语义型语言，注重内容的意会性。其句法特征是意合：主语可由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主语句的情况常见；谓语成分复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、数、时态的变化；句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词。所以汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定法可依。v英语为语法型语言，重点研究主谓序列及其相关词类，句子结构受形式逻辑制约。其句法特征是形合：即主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名词性的词语担任；谓语绝对受主语的支配

9、，在人称和数上面必须和主语保持一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化；句与句之间多以明示逻辑关系的连接词相联。所以英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。v汉译英时主语确定1 以原文主语作为译文主语；当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以以原主语作为英译文的主语。我们的房子我们的房子是十年前建造的。-Our house was built over ten years ago.假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。-The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.我们每个人都知道，大气

10、污染不仅影响了环境，而且严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment;it also shortens the lives of human beings.2 重新确定主语由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在较大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换英语中。在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以保证译文行文流畅，语言自然地道。鲁迅的骨头是最硬的.-Lu Hsuns bones were the hardest.-Lu Xun was a

11、 man of unyielding integrity.世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。-At the turn of the century,China is very active in its diplomatic activities.-The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.胎又瘪了。-the tire turns flat again.-we have got another flat tire.我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。-The developme

12、nt of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。The strength,prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.A strong,prosperous and deve

13、loped China will pose no threat to any countries.早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。Early in the park we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morning.v改错：改错：楼的质量不好。The qualityof the building is poor.为了维持生计，有沉重和繁琐的家务要干。不少家庭主妇被家务活累坏了

14、身体。In order to make a living,there is a lot of heavy housework.As a result,many housewives break down.人们认为他翻译的这首诗不忠于原文。He was not regarded faithful in his translation of this poem.The building is not well built.In order to make a living,many housewives have to do a lot of heavy housework so that the

15、y finally break down.His translation of this poem was regarded unfaithful.空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。她从来没有想到他是个不道德的人。他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。大家知道，中国在2005年成功发射了一枚新型导弹。-In the wilderness,her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.-It never occurs to her that he was an immoral man.A little flattery would get

16、 him carried away.As is known to us,2005 saw the successful launching of Chinas new-type missile.3增补主语汉语中主语隐含不显或无主语的情况时常可见。译者必须依照英语的语法规则将主语增补起来。那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在水里，那不是水生吗？?又往左右看去，不久，个人就找到了个人丈夫的脸，啊，原来是他们。-Not far away under a broad lotus leaf they saw a mans headthe rest of him was submerged.It

17、 was Shuisheng.Looking right and left,each soon discovered her husbandso this was where they are.端午节?吃粽子On the Dragon Boat Festival,people eat Zongzi(pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice).表示时间、天气等自然现象的无主句，借用英语习惯使用的it来翻译，如：都九点钟了，他还没有来。It is already 9 oclock,and he has not shown up.下雨了，咱们快走

18、吧。It is raining now.lets get going.起大风了。It is blowing hard.用泛指的人称代词we,you,one,anyone等充当主语。活到老，学到老。One is never too old to learn.知己知彼，百战不殆。Know the enemy and know yourself,and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.不承认这一定律，就不是物理学家。Anyone who does not recognize this law is not a phys

19、icist.采用“there+be”或“it+be+to”的句型。除了枪声，再也没有其他声音。There was no sound but that of the gunfire.现在很难说谁对谁错。At the moment,it is very difficult to tell who is right and who is wrong.使用英语的被动语态，把汉语句子里的宾语变成英语被动句的主语。必须保证产品质量。The quality of the products must be guaranteed.这里将建造一个新的博物馆。A new museum will be built h

20、ere.明天上午将宣布结果。The results will be announced tomorrow morning.欢迎外教来我校执教英文。Foreign teachers are welcome to teach English in our university.希望今后我校能够与更多的学校结为友好学校。It is hoped that our university will establish friendly relations with more universities in the future.没听说南京是长江三大火炉之一吗？Dont you know that Nanj

21、ing is one of the three furnaces along the Changjiang River?1.基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力将途径印度和中国，这些都以共享和平，共享奥运为主题。2.公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起操练。3.委员们的意见有分歧。4.我们南京我们南京还在吸引外资企业进行老企业技术改造，房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。5.在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。1.我们能作为志愿者为2008奥运服务，感到非常荣幸。2.我们每个人在工作中都要顾全大局。3.有些中小学生每天上学都要带午餐盒。4.一切准备就绪，会议就立即开始了。5.中国政府对普及小学教育一直给与高度重视。