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1、第二部分 语法专题突破专题十二 动词的语态 考点精讲分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 被动语态只在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。命题点以一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态为主， 也会较少考查含情态动词的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态和现在进行时的被动语态。 考生在做此类试题时， 应注意以下三点：1. 首先应读懂句意， 确定主语和谓语， 明确谓语动词的动作是否由主语发出。如果谓语动词的动作由主语发出， 则是主动语态；如果不是由主语发出， 则是被动语态， 由此可排除主动语态的选项。 2. 分析被动语态的基本结构， 动作的承受者(动作的对象，多是名词)在空前、实施者在空后(有时可省
2、略)判断出用被动语态。3. 被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。考生可根据关键词(时间状语)来判断时态。对于没有关键词的题目， 则要根据前后句已经给出的时态、语境并结合常识进行判断。 【典例剖析】(2016岳阳32题) Many Hope Primary Schools _ last year. A. is built B. was built C. were built 点拨：第步：分析语境：去年许多希望小学。第步：分析句子结构, 找句子主语、谓语。本题中, 主语为Hope Primary Schools, 谓语为build。第步：分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系。根据常识可知, “希望小学”与“建造
3、”之间为动宾关系, 应用被动语态。第步：根据题干中的标志词或语境判断用何种时态的被动语态。本题中, 根据last year可知用一般过去时。第步：主语为复数形式, 谓语动词用were built。从而判定正确答案为C。 常见的被动语态的构成 语态被动结构例句一般现在时的被动语态(2016年3次，2015年5次，2014年2次) be(am/is/are)动词的过去分词The flowers are watered every day. 这些花每天都被浇水。 一般过去时的被动语态(2016年7次，2015湘西34题，2014年2次) be(was/were)动词的过去分词The flying d
4、isk was invented by college students. 这种飞碟是大学生们发明的。 一般将来时的被动语态(2014年3次) will/shallbe动词的过去分词The bridge will be finished in a month. 这座桥将在一个月后竣工。 现在进行时的被动语态(2014益阳29题) be(am/is/are)being动词的过去分词The proposal is being considered now. 这个提案现在正在被考虑。 含情态动词的被动语态(2016怀化28题，2015年3次，2014年2次)情态动词be动词的过去分词Tables c
5、ould be made of stones at that time. 那时候，桌子可以由石头制成。 如何判断是否使用被动语态1. 不知道或没指出动作的执行者是谁时。如： Many trees should be planted every year. 每 年都应该种很多树。2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： The computers are used by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人使用 电脑。 3. 句子的主语是物时。如： Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被
6、洪水冲走了。 主动语态如何转换为被动语态1.要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语， 若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主 格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如： We asked him to sing an English song.(主动 句)He was asked to sing an English song by us. (被动句)我们让他唱首英文歌。 主动形式表示被动意义的情况1.某些动词用作不及物动词，如：read, write, wash, draw, cut, open, sell等，
7、常与副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动意义。如： The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 2. 动词need, require, want, deserve等后接 ving的主动结构表示被动意义，相当于sth. need(s) /require(s) /want(s) /deserve(s) to be done。如： The car needs cleaning.The car needs to be cleaned. 这辆汽车需要清洗了。 3. 某些系动词如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等
8、加形容词，也可用主动形式表示被动意义。 如：The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起 来很美味。4. be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，表示被动 含义。如： The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 现学现用1. How clean your car is! Thank you. It _ very often. A. is washed B. washes C. was washed2. Can I take these magazines? No, they _ out of the reading room. A
9、. will takeB. should be taken C. mustnt be takenAC 3. Every day, too much food _ in our school. We must take actions to stop it. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. are wasted B 4. Whos the little girl in the photo? Its me. The photo _ 10 years ago. A. tookB. was takenC. is taken5. We _ to start at once,
10、or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are toldBC 6. What a beautiful garden you have！Your father must be a good gardener. Thanks. Some flowers _ by him in the garden yesterday. A. will be planted B. planted C. were planted C 7. The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is inv
11、ented B. was invented C. were invented8. You _ another day to make your own decision. A. gave B. are giving C. will be givenBC 9. Tell me one thing that youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen C 10. Tourists bad be
12、havior _ by the government in our country from now on. A. will record B. will be recorded C. is recorded B 11. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday? Im not sure, because I _ so far. A. havent invited B. wasnt invited C. havent been invited C 12. Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age. A. educate B. have educated C. be educated C
中考英语 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十二 动词的语态课件2
