M5U1柯林斯词典(精简)

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1、M5 U1Collins Senior English-Chinese Dictionary柯林斯高级英汉双解词典M5 Unit 11. characteristic /krktrstk/ ( characteristics )N-COUNT The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable. 特征例：Genes determine the characteristics of every living thi

2、ng.基因决定每个生物的特征。2. radium /redim/N-UNCOUNT Radium is a radioactive element which is used in the treatment of cancer. 镭3. painter /pentr/ ( painters )N-COUNT A painter is an artist who paints pictures. 画家例：.the French painter Claude Monet.法国画家克劳德莫奈。N-COUNT A painter is someone who paints walls, doors,

3、 and some other parts of buildings as their job. 油漆工例：.the son of a painter and decorator.一个油漆工兼装修工的儿子。4. put forwardPHRASAL VERB If you put forward a plan, proposal, or name, you suggest that it should be considered for a particular purpose or job. 提出 (计划、建议、名称)例：He has put forward new peace propos

4、als.他已提出了新的和平建议。5. scientific /santfk/Scientific is used to describe things that relate to science or to a particular science. 科学的例：Scientific research is widely claimed to be the source of the high standard of living in the U.S.在美国，科学研究被广泛宣称为高生活水平的来源。例：.the use of animals in scientific experiments.

5、科学实验中对动物的使用。scientifically ADV 科学地例：.scientifically advanced countries.科学发达的国家。science /sans/ ( sciences )1. N-UNCOUNT Science is the study of the nature and behavior of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them. 科学例：The best discoveries in science are very simple.科学上最好的发现都是非常简单的。2.

6、 N-COUNTA science is a particular branch of science such as physics, chemistry, or biology. (科学的) 学科例：Physics is the best example of a science which has developed strong, abstract theories.物理学是一个发展出了强有力的抽象理论的学科的最好例证。6. conclude /knklud/ ( concludes, concluding, concluded, to conclude )V-T If you con

7、clude that something is true, you decide that it is true using the facts you know as a basis. 断定例：Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Pauls words as the truth.拉里断定他别无选择，只能相信保罗所说为实。例：So what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能推断出什么呢？2. V-T/V-I When you conclude, you say t

8、he last thing that you are going to say. 结束 (说话)FORMAL例：Its a waste of time, he concluded.“这是浪费时间，”他最后说道。3. V-T/V-I When something concludes, or when you conclude it, you end it. 使结束 结束;FORMAL例：The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚以晚宴和演讲告一段落。7. conclusion /knklun/ ( conclusions )N-COUN

9、T When you come to a conclusion, you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully and have considered all the relevant facts. 结论例：Over the years Ive come to the conclusion that shes a very great musician.这些年我得出的结论是，她是位非常伟大的音乐家。2. N-SING The conclusion of something is its e

10、nding. 结束; 结局例：At the conclusion of the program, I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me.节目结束时我问孩子们是否有要问我的问题。3. PHRASE You say in conclusion to indicate that what you are about to say is the last thing that you want to say. 最后 (用以表明讲话即将结束)例：In conclusion, walking is a ch

11、eap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise.综上所述，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。8. draw a conclusion得出结论；作结论例：On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and team work really count in this competitive society.在以上分析的基础上，我们可以得出结论：在竞争社会中，合作和团队极为重要。9. analy

12、se /nlaz/ ( analyzes, analyzing, analyzed, to analyze )V-T If you analyze something, you consider it carefully or use statistical methods in order to fully understand it. 分析例：McCarthy was asked to analyze the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine.麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。analysis /nlss

13、/( analyses )N-VAR Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it. 分析例：Sporting greatness defies analysis - but we know it when we see it.运动的伟大无法进行分析-但是我们一看就知道。10. infect /nfkt/ ( infects, infecting, infected, to infect

14、 )1. V-T To infect people, animals, or plants means to cause them to have a disease or illness. 传染例：A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.一只蚊子就能传染很多人。例：.objects used by an infected person.一名感染者使用过的物品。infection N-UNCOUNT传染例：.plants that are resistant to infection.抗感染的植物。2. V-T To infe

15、ct a substance or area means to cause it to contain harmful germs or bacteria. 使感染有害菌例：The birds infect the milk.鸟使牛奶受污染。3. V-T When people, places, or things are infected by a feeling or influence, it spreads to them. 使受影响例：For an instant I was infected by her fear.一瞬间，我被她的恐惧所感染。例：He thought they m

16、ight infect others with their bourgeois ideas.他认为他们可能用中产阶级思想去影响别人。11. infectious /nfks/1. ADJ A disease that is infectious can be caught by being near a person who has it. Compare contagious. 传染的例：.infectious diseases such as measles.像麻疹这样的传染病。2. ADJ If a feeling is infectious, it spreads to other p

17、eople. 有感染力的例：She radiates an infectious enthusiasm for everything she does.她做的每件事都散发出一种有感染力的热情。12. cholera /klr/N-UNCOUNT Cholera is a serious disease that often kills people. It is caused by drinking infected water or by eating infected food. 霍乱例：.a cholera epidemic.一场霍乱疫情。13. defeat /dfit/ ( defe

18、ats, defeating, defeated, to defeat )1. V-T If you defeat someone, you win a victory over them in a battle, game, or contest. 击败例：His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954.他的游击队在1954年打败了殖民军。2. V-T If a proposal or motion in a debate is defeated, more people vote against it than for it. (以多数票

19、) 挫败 usu passive例：The bill was defeated with support from only two congressmen.由于只得到两位议员的支持，那个议案被否决了。3. V-T If a task or a problem defeats you, it is so difficult that you cannot do it or solve it. 难倒例：The book he most wanted to write was the one which nearly defeated him.他最想写的书恰恰是几乎难倒他的那一本。4. V-T T

20、o defeat an action or plan means to cause it to fail. 使受挫例：The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating the rebellion.在平息叛乱中海军起了有限但却重要的作用。defeat /dfit/ ( defeats)N-VAR Defeat is the experience of being beaten in a battle, game, or contest, or of failing to achieve what you wanted to.

21、失败例：The most important thing is not to admit defeat until you really have to.最重要的事就是非到不得已不要认输。例：.the Sonics 31-point defeat at Sacramento on Sunday.超音速队周日在萨克拉门托31分的挫败。14. expert /ksprt/ ( experts )1. N-COUNT An expert is a person who is very skilled at doing something or who knows a lot about a part

22、icular subject. 专家; 行家例：.a yoga expert.一位瑜伽专家。2. ADJ Someone who is expert at doing something is very skilled at it. 在行的例：The Japanese are expert at lowering manufacturing costs.日本人在降低生产成本方面很在行。expertly ADV在行地 ADV with v例：Shopkeepers expertly rolled spices up in bay leaves.店主在行地把各种香料卷进了月桂叶中。3. ADJ I

23、f you say that someone has expert hands or an expert eye, you mean that they are very skillful or experienced in using their hands or eyes for a particular purpose. 行家的 ADJ n例：Harvey cured the pain with his own expert hands.哈维用他那行家之手治愈了那病痛。4. ADJ Expert advice or help is given by someone who has stu

24、died a subject thoroughly or who is very skilled at a particular job. 专家的 ADJ n例：Well need an expert opinion.我们将需要专家的意见。15. attend /tnd/ ( attends, attending, attended, to attend )1. V-T/V-I If you attend a meeting or other event, you are present at it. 参加; 出席例：Thousands of people attended the funer

25、al.数千人参加了葬礼。例：The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries.这次会议将有许多国家的财政部长出席。例：The senator was invited but was unable to attend.参议员受到了邀请，但是未能出席。2. V-T If you attend an institution such as a school, college, or church, you go there regularly. 上 (学); 去 (教堂)例：They attended coll

26、ege together at the University of Pennsylvania.他们一起就读于宾夕法尼亚大学。3. V-I If you attend to something, you deal with it. If you attend to someone who is hurt or injured, you care for them. 处理; 照料例：He took a short leave of absence to attend to personal business.他休了一个短假去处理私事。attendance /tndns/ ( attendances

27、 )N-UNCOUNT Someones attendance at an event or an institution is the fact that they are present at the event or go regularly to the institution. 出勤; 出席例：Her attendance in school was sporadic.她在学校的出勤率很低。16. physician /fzn/ ( physicians )N-COUNT A physician is a medical doctor. 内科医生FORMAL例：.your famil

28、y physician.你的家庭医生。surgeon /srdn/ ( surgeons )N-COUNT A surgeon is a doctor who is specially trained to perform surgery. 外科医生例：.a heart surgeon.一位心脏外科医生。17. expose /kspoz/ ( exposes, exposing, exposed, to expose )1. V-T To expose something that is usually hidden means to uncover it so that it can be

29、 seen. 使显露例：Lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering Sea.下降了的海平面使白令海底的浅大陆架露了出来。2. V-T To expose a person or situation means to reveal that they are bad or immoral in some way. 揭露例：.the story of how the press helped expose the truth about the Nixon administration.关于

30、新闻界如何协助揭露尼克松政府真相的报道。3. V-T If someone is exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them. 使暴露于 (危险或令人不快的境地)例：They had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.他们未曾遭遇城市人口常得的大多数疾病。例：A wise mother never exposes her children to

31、 the slightest possibility of danger.一个明智的母亲从不会置其孩子于丝毫可能的危险中。18. exposeto1. 使暴露在(空气、寒冷、风雨、阳光等)中；使无遮蔽，使无保护： 例：Do not expose it to the sun.此物谨防日晒。2. 使暴露，使显露；使遭受(攻击、批评、伤害、嘲讽等)： 例：He is exposed to the ridicule of the public.他受到公众的嘲弄。例：to expose soldiers to gunfire使士兵们遭受炮火攻击3. 使处于的影响(或作用)之下；接接触到；使知悉，使了解：

32、 例：a student who has been exposed to English for some five years接触英语达5年左右的学生4. 使曝光： 例：The film has been exposed to light.这胶卷曝了光。5. 向揭露，揭发，揭穿，披露： 例：to expose the shameful activity to the newspapers向报界揭露这个可耻行径19. deadly /ddli/ ( deadlier, deadliest )ADJ If something is deadly, it is likely or able to

33、cause someones death, or has already caused someones death. 致命的; 致死的例：He was acquitted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon.他用凶器伤人的罪名不成立。例：.a deadly disease currently affecting dolphins.目前影响海豚的一种致命疾病。20. cure /kyr/ ( cures, curing, cured, to cure )1. V-T If doctors or medical treatments cure a

34、n illness or injury, they cause it to end or disappear. 治愈 (疾病、损伤)例：An operation finally cured his shin injury.手术最终治愈了他的胫骨损伤。2. V-T If doctors or medical treatments cure a person, they make the person well again after an illness or injury. 治愈 (病人)例：It is an effective treatment and could cure all the

35、 leprosy sufferers worldwide.那是一种有效的疗法，可以治愈全世界的麻疯病患者。例：Almost overnight I was cured.几乎在一夜之间我被治愈了。cure /kyr/ ( cures)1. N-COUNT A cure for an illness is a medicine or other treatment that cures the illness. (有治愈效果的) 药物、疗法例：There is still no cure for a cold.治感冒仍然没有特效药。2. N-COUNT A cure for a problem i

36、s something that will bring it to an end. 解决方法例：The magic cure for inflation does not exist.解决通货膨胀的神奇方法并不存在。21. outbreak /atbrek/ ( outbreaks )N-COUNT If there is an outbreak of something unpleasant, such as violence or a disease, it suddenly starts to happen. (暴动、疾病等的) 爆发例：The four-day festival end

37、ed a day early after an outbreak of violence involving hundreds of youths.由于一起数百名年轻人参与的暴力事件的爆发，为期4天的庆祝活动提前1天结束。例：.an outbreak of chickenpox.水痘的暴发。break outPHRASAL VERB If something such as war, fighting, or disease breaks out, it begins suddenly. (战争、殴斗、疾病等) 爆发例：He was 29 when war broke out.战争爆发时他29

38、岁。22. challenge /tlnd/ ( challenges)1. N-VAR A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination. 挑战例：The new governments first challenge is the economy.新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。2. PHRASE If someone rises to the challenge, they act in response to a difficult situation whic

39、h is new to them and are successful. 奋起应对挑战例：The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.新德国必须奋起应对更艰巨的挑战。challenge /tlnd/ ( challenges, challenging, challenged, to challenge )V-T If you challenge someone, you invite them to fight or compete with you in some way. 向发出挑战

40、例：Marsyas thought he could play the flute better than Apollo and challenged the god to a contest.玛息阿觉得他长笛吹得比阿波罗好，便向这位神发出挑战。例：He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging detectives to catch him.他在作案现场留了一张纸条，挑衅侦探们去抓他。N-COUNT Challenge is also a noun. 挑战例：A third presidential candidate emerge

41、d to mount a serious challenge and throw the campaign wide open.第3位总统候选人上场郑重发出挑战，令这次竞选充满悬念。23. victim /vktm/ ( victims )1. N-COUNT A victim is someone who has been hurt or killed. 受害者例：Statistically our chances of being the victims of violent crime are remote.从统计上来看，我们成为暴力犯罪受害者的可能性是微乎其微的。2. N-COUNT

42、A victim is someone who has suffered as a result of someone elses actions or beliefs, or as a result of unpleasant circumstances. 牺牲品例：He was a victim of racial prejudice.他是种族偏见的一个牺牲品。例：He described himself and Altman as victims rather than participants in the scandal.他把自己和奥尔特曼描述成这一丑闻的受害者，而不是参与者。24.

43、 absorb /bsrb, -zrb/ ( absorbs, absorbing, absorbed, to absorb )1. V-T If something absorbs a liquid, gas, or other substance, it soaks it up or takes it in. 吸收 (液体、气体等)例：Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从泥土中吸收水分。2. V-T If something absorbs light, hea

44、t, or another form of energy, it takes it in. 吸取 (光、热等能量)例：A household radiator absorbs energy in the form of electric current and releases it in the form of heat.家用暖气以电流的形式吸收能量，然后以热量的形式将其释放出去。3. V-T If something absorbs you, it interests you a great deal and takes up all your attention and energy.

45、使专注例：.a second career which absorbed her more completely than her acting ever had.一个比其演艺事业更让她全身心投入的第二职业。25. suspect /sspekt/ ( suspects, suspecting, suspected, to suspect )V-T If you suspect that something dishonest or unpleasant has been done, you believe that it has probably been done. If you susp

46、ect someone of doing an action of this kind, you believe that they probably did it. 怀疑例：He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.他怀疑住在楼上公寓里的那位女子在吸食海洛因。例：It was perfectly all right, he said, because the police had not suspected him of anything.一点儿没事，他说，因为警察对他没有任何怀疑。suspe

47、ct / sspekt/ ( suspects)N-COUNT A suspect is a person who the police or authorities think may be guilty of a crime. 嫌疑犯例：Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings and sexual assaults in the city.警方逮捕了该城市一系列杀人强奸案件中的一名嫌疑犯。26. enquiry /nkwari/ ( inquiries或 enquiries )N-COUNT An inquiry is

48、a question you ask in order to get some information. 询问例：He made some inquiries and discovered she had gone to Connecticut.他询问了一番，发现她已去了康涅狄格州。27. neighbourhood /nebrhd/ ( neighborhoods )1. N-COUNT The neighborhood of a place or person is the area or the people around them. 附近例：.a suburban Boston nei

49、ghborhood close to where I live.离我住处较近的波士顿城郊。2. PHRASE In the neighborhood of a number means approximately that number. 大约为例：The albums now sold something in the neighborhood of 2 million copies.该唱片目前已卖出了大约两百万张。3. PHRASE A place that is in the neighborhood of another place is near it. 在附近例：We went t

50、o visit two charming young ladies who lived in the neighborhood of our camp.我们去拜访了住在我们营地附近的两位年轻迷人的女士。28. severe /svr/ ( severer, severest )1. ADJ You use severe to indicate that something bad or undesirable is great or intense. 严重的例：.a business with severe cash flow problems.一个有严重现金流转问题的企业。例：Shortag

51、es of professional staff are very severe in some places.专业人员的短缺在一些地方十分严重。severely ADV严重地例：The UN wants to send food aid to 10 countries in Africa severely affected by the drought.联合国想给予10个受旱灾严重影响的非洲国家食品援助。例：An aircraft overshot the runway and was severely damaged.一架飞机冲出了跑道后严重受损。severity N-UNCOUNT严重性

52、 usu with supp例：Several drugs are used to lessen the severity of the symptoms.几种药被用于缓解这些严重症状。2. ADJ Severe punishments or criticisms are very strong or harsh. (惩罚、批评) 严厉的例：This was a dreadful crime and a severe sentence is necessary.这是一种骇人听闻的罪行，重判是必要的。severely ADV严厉地 ADV with v例：.a campaign to try t

53、o change the law to punish dangerous drivers more severely.一场试图修改法律以更加严厉地惩罚危险驾车者的运动。severity N-UNCOUNT严厉性 usu with supp例：He was sickened by the severity of the sentence.他对判刑之重感到恶心。29. clue /klu/ ( clues )1. N-COUNT A clue to a problem or mystery is something that helps you to find the answer to it.

54、(解决问题或疑团时的) 线索例：Geneticists in Canada have discovered a clue to the puzzle of why our cells get old and die.加拿大的遗传学家已经发现了解开我们细胞衰老死亡之迷的线索。2. N-COUNT A clue is an object or piece of information that helps someone solve a crime. (破案中的) 线索例：The vital clue to the killers identity was his nickname, Peanut

55、s.关于杀手身份的重大线索是他的绰号花生。3. N-COUNT A clue in a crossword or game is information which is given to help you to find the answer to a question. (纵横字谜或游戏中的) 提示例：Give me a clue. Whats it begin with?给我点提示。是什么开头？4. PHRASE If you havent a clue about something, you do not know anything about it or you have no i

56、dea what to do about it. 毫无头绪INFORMAL例：I havent a clue what Ill give Carl for his birthday next year.对于明年该送什么生日礼物给卡尔我毫无头绪。30. pump /pmp/ ( pumps, pumping, pumped, to pump )1. N-COUNT A pump is a machine or device that is used to force a liquid or gas to flow in a particular direction. 泵例：.pumps that

57、 circulate the fuel around in the engine.使燃料在发动机内循环的气泵。例：There was no water in the building, just a pump in the courtyard.楼里没水，只在院子里有个水泵。2. V-T To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump. (用泵) 抽送例：Its not enough to get rid of raw sewage

58、 by pumping it out to sea.仅用水泵将未经处理的污水排入海中是不够的。例：The money raised will be used to dig bore holes to pump water into the dried-up lake.筹到的钱款将用来挖井眼，再将水抽入干涸的湖中。31. Cambridge /keimbrid/1. 剑桥(英国苏格兰东南部城市，剑桥大学所在地)2. 剑桥大学3. Cambridgeshire4. 坎布里奇(美国马萨诸塞州东部城市，哈佛大学所在地)32. foresee /frsi/ ( foresees, foreseeing,

59、 foresaw, foreseen, to foresee )V-T If you foresee something, you expect and believe that it will happen. 预见例：He did not foresee any problems.他没有预见到任何问题。33. investigate /nvstget/ ( investigates, investigating, investigated, to investigate )V-T/V-I If someone, especially an official, investigates an

60、event, situation, or claim, they try to find out what happened or what is the truth. 调查例：Theyre still investigating the accident.他们还在调查这个事故。34. investigation /nvstgen/ ( investigations)N-VAR调查例：He ordered an investigation into the affair.他下令对此事进行调查。35. blame /blem/ ( blames, blaming, blamed, to blam

61、e )1. V-T If you blame a person or thing for something bad, or if you blame something bad on somebody, you believe or say that they are responsible for it or that they caused it. 指责; 把归咎于例：The commission is expected to blame the army for many of the atrocities.该委员会预计会将大量暴行归咎于军队。例：Ms. Carey appeared

62、to blame her breakdown on EMIs punishing work schedule.凯丽女士看来是将自己的崩溃归咎于百代公司紧张的工作安排。N-UNCOUNT Blame is also a noun. 责备例：Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame.没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。2. N-UNCOUNT The blame for something bad that has happened is the responsibility for causing it or letting it happe

63、n. (事故、过失等的) 责任例：Im not going to sit around and take the blame for a mistake he made.我不会闲坐着，为他犯的错误承担责任。3. V-T If you say that you do not blame someone for doing something, you mean that you consider it was a reasonable thing to do in the circumstances. 责怪 usu with brd-neg例：I do not blame them for trying to make some money.我不怪他们想要挣些钱。4. PHRASE If someone is to blame for somethin