2023年湖南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（7）

《2023年湖南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（7）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年湖南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（7）（96页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2023年湖南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.People who are overweight at 40 are likely to die at least three years sooner than those who are slim, meaning that being fat during middle age is just as damaging to life expectancy as smoking, research

2、ers say in a new study. The study was conducted by Dutch researchers and was published in The Annals of Internal Medicine.Nonsmokers who were classified as overweight, but not obese, lost an average of three years off their lives. Obese people died even sooner. Obese female nonsmokers lost an averag

3、e of 7.1 years, while obese male nonsmokers lost 5.8 years.Scientists have long known that overweight people have shorter life expectancies, but few large-scale studies have been able to pinpoint how many years they lose. This study is saying that if you are overweight by your mid-30’s to mid-

4、40’s, even if you lose some weight later on, you still carry a higher risk of dying, said Dr. Serge Jabbour, director of the weight-loss clinic at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. The message is that you have to work early on your weight. If you wait a long time, the damag

5、e may have been done. For smokers, the results were worse. Obese female smokers died 7.2 years sooner than normal-weight smokers and 13.3 years sooner than trim nonsmoking women. Obese male smokers lived 6.7 years less than trim smokers, and 13.7 years less than trim nonsmokers.The results were cull

6、ed from 3,457 volunteers in Framingham, Mass. , from 1948 to 1990. The data were analyzed by researchers at Erasmus Medical Center and the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.About two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventi

7、on. Studies have also shown that people are getting fatter at younger ages.The smoking epidemic in the Western world is warning; however, a new fear should be the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults, which shows another potentially preventable public health disaster. the

8、researchers said.According to Dr. Serge Jabbour, what message does the study carry().A. People have to work early on their weightB. Overweight people have shorter life expectanciesC. Smoking is damaging to life expectancyD. If people are overweight by their mid-30’s to mid-40’s, if they

9、lose some weight later on, they will carry a lower risk of dying2.The death rate from influenza rose markedly in the 1990’s, federal scientists reported. The explanation, they said, is that a greater proportion of the population is elderly and thus particularly susceptible to flu. There was an

10、 average of 36,000 flu deaths a year in the 1990’s as compared to 20,000 a year in previous decades, the investigators, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Ninety percent of influenza deaths were in people 65 and old

11、er, said Dr. Keiji Fukuda, the principal researcher for the study. But Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over 85, who might be up to 32 times more likely than those 65 to 69 to die from a flu infection.The researchers also concluded that there were

12、 large numbers of deaths among the elderly from another virus, respiratory syncytial virus, known as R. S. V. As many as 78 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S.V. each year were 65 and older, the researchers concluded.In an editorial accompanying the paper, Dr. David M. Morens of the Nat

13、ional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that many people who were particularly vulnerable to influenza did not get flu vaccines, the only method of preventing the disease. Many mistakenly believe that the vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give them the flu. Over the la

14、st few years, Dr. Fukuda said, just 65 percent to 67 percent of people 65 and older were immunized. Even when they do get the vaccine, he added, it is less effective in the elderly than it is in younger people. And there is no vaccine to protect against R. S. V. Dr. Morens was not optimistic about t

15、he immediate future. The best hope, he said, is for improved flu vaccines and a vaccine for R. S. V. But for now, he said, doctors must do a better job of persuading older people to be vaccinated.Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over().A. 55B. 65C

16、. 75D. 853.The death rate from influenza rose markedly in the 1990’s, federal scientists reported. The explanation, they said, is that a greater proportion of the population is elderly and thus particularly susceptible to flu. There was an average of 36,000 flu deaths a year in the 1990’

17、s as compared to 20,000 a year in previous decades, the investigators, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Ninety percent of influenza deaths were in people 65 and older, said Dr. Keiji Fukuda, the principal researcher for

18、 the study. But Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people over 85, who might be up to 32 times more likely than those 65 to 69 to die from a flu infection.The researchers also concluded that there were large numbers of deaths among the elderly from another

19、 virus, respiratory syncytial virus, known as R. S. V. As many as 78 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S.V. each year were 65 and older, the researchers concluded.In an editorial accompanying the paper, Dr. David M. Morens of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, sai

20、d that many people who were particularly vulnerable to influenza did not get flu vaccines, the only method of preventing the disease. Many mistakenly believe that the vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give them the flu. Over the last few years, Dr. Fukuda said, just 65 percent to 67 pe

21、rcent of people 65 and older were immunized. Even when they do get the vaccine, he added, it is less effective in the elderly than it is in younger people. And there is no vaccine to protect against R. S. V. Dr. Morens was not optimistic about the immediate future. The best hope, he said, is for imp

22、roved flu vaccines and a vaccine for R. S. V. But for now, he said, doctors must do a better job of persuading older people to be vaccinated.According to the report, which of the following sentences is true().A. The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines.B. Dr. Morens was optim

23、istic about the immediate future.C. As many as 87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older.D. The vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give people the flu.4.People who are overweight at 40 are likely to die at least three years sooner than those who

24、are slim, meaning that being fat during middle age is just as damaging to life expectancy as smoking, researchers say in a new study. The study was conducted by Dutch researchers and was published in The Annals of Internal Medicine.Nonsmokers who were classified as overweight, but not obese, lost an

25、 average of three years off their lives. Obese people died even sooner. Obese female nonsmokers lost an average of 7.1 years, while obese male nonsmokers lost 5.8 years.Scientists have long known that overweight people have shorter life expectancies, but few large-scale studies have been able to pin

26、point how many years they lose. This study is saying that if you are overweight by your mid-30’s to mid-40’s, even if you lose some weight later on, you still carry a higher risk of dying, said Dr. Serge Jabbour, director of the weight-loss clinic at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

27、in Philadelphia. The message is that you have to work early on your weight. If you wait a long time, the damage may have been done. For smokers, the results were worse. Obese female smokers died 7.2 years sooner than normal-weight smokers and 13.3 years sooner than trim nonsmoking women. Obese male

28、smokers lived 6.7 years less than trim smokers, and 13.7 years less than trim nonsmokers.The results were culled from 3,457 volunteers in Framingham, Mass. , from 1948 to 1990. The data were analyzed by researchers at Erasmus Medical Center and the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.About tw

29、o-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Studies have also shown that people are getting fatter at younger ages.The smoking epidemic in the Western world is warning; however, a new fear should be the increasing prevalence of ov

30、erweight and obesity in young adults, which shows another potentially preventable public health disaster. the researchers said.The researchers said . which shows another potentially preventable public health disaster. What does another potentially preventable public health disaster here refer to().A

31、. SmokingB. Obesity in young adultsC. DrinkingD. Obesity in elderly adults5.Here’s some bad news for students who put off studying: procrastinators get more cold and flu symptoms and have more digestive problems than their punctual classmates. They also tend toward an unhealthy lifestyle, acco

32、rding to a recent study of 374 undergraduates at Carleton University in Ottawa by the Procrastination Research Group. Student procrastinators are more likely to eat poorly and smoke, and they sleep less and drink more than students who do their homework promptly.At the root of the problem is an inab

33、ility to regulate behavior and control impulses-say, drinking more than you had intended when you sat down at the bar. If you’re quite impulsive then you’re unable to protect one intention from another, says Timothy A. Pychyl, the leader of the Procrastination Research Group who is also

34、a psychologist and co-author of the study. Things can get worse when tasks are impersonal or out of one’s control. Most assignments are not things that students initiated themselves, he says. They can lack meaning for that reason. Giving a procrastinator a hand-held organizer probably won&rsqu

35、o;t change habits in the long term. It’s not about time management, Dr. Pychyl says. Some people will buy a day planner, fill it in and say that’s it for today. It becomes part of the procrastination itself. Such tardiness is not unusual. In one survey, 70 percent of the students confess

36、ed to academic tardiness. Some favorite excuses are computer failure, leaving a paper at home and the death of a grandmother.Procrastinators have many problems, except that ().A. they get more cold and flu symptomsB. they sleep moreC. they smoke and drink moreD. they have more digestive problems6.A

37、weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whe

38、ther a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions i

39、n the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what other

40、wise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day outlook which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of

41、 the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments

42、and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorolo

43、gical results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.One characteristic of wea

44、ther maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is ().A. wind speedB. thermal changesC. frontsD. barometric pressure7.Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal l

45、aw. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.Little

46、of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the stor

47、y is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gathe

48、r a lot of different evidence.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They

49、 can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deep

50、ened by the simple-mindedness-as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is recatching peo

51、ple who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because ().A. he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committedB. he must justify the arrests he makes of criminalsC. he must behave as professional lawyers doD. he must wor

52、k hard to help reform criminals8.Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive, knowing neither joy nor pleasure

53、, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn, they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to h

54、arm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist, in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed, since earning $10 million w

55、ould be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are th

56、e basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it h

57、as done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations coloured by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions a

58、re good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pri

59、de, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals when perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make peo

60、ple afraid to engage in antisocial acts.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ().A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC. they would not be happy with a life wi

61、thout loveD. they would do things that hurt each other’s feeling9.Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (21) , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England

62、call themselves English. The others (22) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (23) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (24) being classified as English.Even in England there are many (25) in regional character and speech. The chief (26) is between southern England and northern En

63、gland. South of a (27) going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (28) there are local variations.Further north, regional speech is usually (29) than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (30) to claim that they work harder than Southerners

64、, and are more (31) . They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (32) . Northerners generally have hearty (33) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (34) at meal times.In accent and character th

65、e people of the Midlands (35) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound (36) by the letter R is generally a strong sound, and R is often pronounced in words in which it would be (37) in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious,

66、thrifty people, (38) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (39) as being more fiery than the English. They are (40) a race that is quite distinct from the English.21().A. In consequenceB. In briefC. In generalD. In fact10.Here’s so