语法复习九：动词词义辨析16开.ppt

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1、 语法复习九：动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改 错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指： 1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如： lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如： borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如： advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如： expla

2、in, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如： ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如： give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 （一）易混动词 1、 lay（放） , lie（躺）与 lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表： 中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分 词 现在分 词 说 明 放 l a y l a i

3、d l a i d l a y i ng 及物动 词 躺 lie l a y l a i n l y i ng 不及物 动词 说谎 lie l i e d l i e d l y i ng 不及物 动词 中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分 词 现在分 词 说 明 放 l a y l a i d l a i d l a y i ng 及物动 词 躺 lie l a y l a i n l y i ng 不及物 动词 说谎 lie l i e d l i e d l y i ng 不及物 动词 2、 rise和 raise： rise是不及物动词，其过去式是 rose，过去分词是 risen，而

4、raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3、 hear与 listen to： hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而 listen to 是侧重于听的倾向，但 hear用于无意中的听见，而 listen to却用 于集中注意力的听。 4、 see, watch和 look： see用作看电影，剧目； watch则用作看电视 比赛，而 watch还有在旁观看之意。如： Are you going to play or only watch?； look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看 时用作及物动词， 如： The little boy looked me in the face. （小男孩直盯着

5、我的脸。） 5、 wind和 wound： wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是 wound，而动词原形 wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是 wounded。 6、 hang的用法： hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去 式、过去分词都是 hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过 去分词都是 hanged。 7、 hear的过去分词 born与 borne： bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词 born， borne。只有当 be+born 短语后没有 by介词短语时，才可用 born。 如 :He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用 bo

6、rne。 She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用 borne。 8、 sit与 seat： seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲， sit只是表示一动作。 seat如果表示就座时要用 be seated。 如： They were seated at their desks. 或用 seat oneself, 比如 :I seated myself in the armchair. 9、 borrow, lend与 keep：借入英文中用 borrow，借出用 lend，但这两 个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我 能借多久应用 ke

7、ep。 10、 win与 beat： win作胜、赢讲时其后应接， a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如 果接人则有另外的含意。如 :I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我 赢得他的好感。而 beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11、 steal与 rob： steal为偷。 rob为抢，其用法不同。 steal其后接 物 +from+某人、某地，而 rob其后接人 +of+抢的物品。 12、 fit与 suit： fit与 suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在

8、不同的 地方。如 fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而 suit则多用于颜色式样的 合适。 13、 take, bring 与 fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去 然后回来 (即双程 )。所以拿来，带来是 bring，拿去带走是 take，而去取回来是 fetch。 14、 shut与 close： shut与 close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则 不可这样做。如 :在正式场合多用 close，而在命令，态度粗暴的 场合则用 shut。如 :Shut your mouth!(闭嘴 )；又如 :Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用 close。 15、 answ

9、er与 reply：作为回答讲 answer是及物动词，如作不及物动 词，则意义不同，如 answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而 reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上 to。 16、 reach， arrive与 get to： reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸 和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有 get to, arrive(at/in)。 17、 cost， spend与 take：英文中花费有三个词 cost, spend, take， 但各有不同用法。 cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而 spend 的主语不能是物。如 : she

10、spent all his money on stamps.而 take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式 主语 it，如 It takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、 lost, gone与 missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用 missed, 而要用 missing. 19、 have on, wear, put on及 dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作 两种。 have on与 wear作穿着状态讲 ;但 have on不用进行时态，而 wear

11、 则常要用进行时态。 put on是动作，但 dress既可用作状态，又可用作 穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如 :He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示 人、物的名词， 如： I dress my children in the morning every day. 20、 begin与 start begin与 Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名 词，但在下面的场合多要用 Start： 1)机器的开动发动； 2)旅途的开始。 如 : we shou1d have to start ea

12、rly because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、 allow 与 permit allow与 permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则 要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如： People are not allowed to spit. 22、 find与 found find找到的过去式和过去分词都是 found，而 found是动词“建立”的 原形，其过去式和过去分词是 founded， founded，如： The Peoples Republic of China was founded in

13、1949. 23、 speak, say, talk 与 tell 英文中讲有 4个词， speak, say, talk, tell，但其中 speak, talk多 用作不及物动词，但 speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词， 如： Please speak English。而 say与 tell是及物动词，其中 tell常用作 接双宾语， 如： Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法， 如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词， 如： My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly 。在书 信、便条、

14、海报上写着英文应为 It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是 tell， 如： Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好 坏话时用 speak， 如： The father always speaks well of his son.。 24、 excuse me 与 sorry excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而 sorry则 表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25、 care for 与 care to do care for其后要接不定式时则要省去 for或换用名词， 如： Would you care fo

15、r a cup of tea？但 care for作照顾讲时与 look after相同。 26、与名词易混的动词有： advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词： ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响， strike专指敲钟， 打几点，撞击； suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，

16、advice表示 对经验不足人的一种忠告； look由视觉得出的印象， seem暗示一定 根据的判定， appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此； stay停留， 逗留， remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分； discover（发 现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西， invent（发明）研制出 不存在的东西； remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事， remind提醒 某人做某事。 28、动词 + 副词 + 介词： catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down o

17、n, get on with 29、动词 + 介词 to的词组有： come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与 in相结合的动词有： give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （ 二）动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语 的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭

18、配含意上的辨异及 不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词 +副词 (不及物 ) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚 会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词 +副词 (及物 ) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一 盏灯都关掉。 注意： 如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如： She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了

19、所有还在亮着 的灯。 如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如： She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词 +介词 (及物 ) Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意： 当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句 子或从句末尾。如： Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词 +副词 +介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词 +介词”、“动词 +名词 +副词”、

20、“动词 +副词 +介词”， 这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。 In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉 after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副 词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。 如： hear from收到 的来信， hear of听说。 look after照料， look at看， look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。 如： ring

21、 back回电话 , ring off挂断电话 , ring up打电话 put away放好 , put on穿，上演 , put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如： look for寻找 , call for去取 (某物 )，去接 (某人 ), ask for请求 , wait for等候 , send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。 如： break out发生，爆炸 , carry out进行，开展 , go out熄灭 , hand out分发 , let out放出 , look out当心 , sell ou

22、t卖完 , set out出发 , take out取出 , work out算出。 break down出毛病 , come down落下来 , get down下车 , take down取下 , write down写下。 1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words. A. point B.speak C.say 2.I _ you will write me back soon. A. wish C.want D.need 3.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I coul

23、d have a word with him. A. spend C.save D. share 4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. A. have B.let C. agree 5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy. B. drive C. operate D.run 答案 D.tell B.hope B. spare D. allow A. ride 6.I can _ you to the railway station in my ca

24、r. A. send B.pick D.take 7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work. B. returns C. replies D. receives 8.1 dont know the restaurant, but its_ to be quite a good one. B.told C.spoken D.talked 9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_ them for her. A. bring C.take D. fetch 10. T

25、here was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _. B. killed C. broken D.cut 答案 C.ride A. answers A.said B. carry A. hurt 11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents. A. affects B. gives D. results 12. Ive_my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. A. forgot C. r

26、emained D.lost 13 .The doctor says a few days rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good. A. make C.give D.get 14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question. B.hit C. jumped D.ran 15. The cooking chicken _ very good. B. feels C. sounds D. tastes C. causes B.left B.do A. be

27、at A. smells 答案 16. Most children stay at home until they _ school age. A. get B.come D. arrive 17. A single mistake here could _ you your life. A. pay B.take C. spend 18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam. A. like C. think D.need 19. We _ each other the best of luck in the examinati

28、on. A. hoped B. wanted C. expected 20. Im afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like to_a message? A.give C.carry D.take C. reach D.cost B. expect D. wished B.leave 答案 21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat? B. had on C. wore D. put on 22. The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt. B. bought C. to b

29、uy D. could buy 23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin _ to America for further study. A. should send B. would be sent C. sending 24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital. B. to send C. on sending D. being sent 25. The father insisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music. A.

30、 be B. should be D. would be 答案 A. dressed in A. buying D.be sent A. on being sent C.was 26.I _ the television set for 1,500 yuan. B.paid C.cost D. spent 27.I _ play football than basketball. B. had better C. like better D. prefer 28. - What are you doing? - Im looking_ the children. They should be

31、back for lunch now. A.after B.at D.up 29. The sports meet will be _ till next week because of the bad weather. B. put away C. put up D. put down 30.I really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can _ it. A. get back from C. get away D. get off A. bought A. would rather C.for A. put off

32、 B. get out of 答案 31. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in D. get through 32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder. A. look at B. look for C. look around 33.1 can t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little. A.tum;o

33、n B.tum;off D.tum;up 34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four _. A. turned in C. turned to D. turn up 35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once. A. send in B. send out D. send up C; get along D. look on C.tum;down B. turned up C. send for 答案 36. Im going to a po

34、p concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight and well go there togethe; B. call in C. call on D. call up 37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to _. A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on 38. Your composition must be _ after class. A. handed to B. handed out D. handed over 39. A new

35、 school was _ in the village last year. A. held up C. sent up D. brought up 40. - When did the plane _? -At 2 oclock. B. take up C. take away D. take place A. call for D. carry them out C. handed in B. set up A. take off 答案 41. _! Theres danger ahead. A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on 42.Lets_ to clean

36、 the house. Its too dirty. A.set about C.set off D.set down 43.I used to _ my teacher when I was in Beijing. A. call in . B. call at C. call for 44. He _ from his family and settled down in America. B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 45. He had to _ his fathers business after his death, though he

37、didnt really want to continue it. A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D.Look out B.set out D. call on A. broke away D. carry on 答案 46. The robbers had no trouble in _ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out C. breaking up D. breaking away from 47. Autumn is

38、coming. The farmers are busy_ the crops in the fields. A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in 48. All the students _ their holidays to take part in planting trees. A. gave out B. gave in D. gave away 49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and _ the tools. B. take away C. push aside D. look after 50._ this article and tell me what you think of it. A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into B. breaking into D. getting in C. gave up A. put away D. Look through 答案