2012年大纲卷全国高考英语试题及答案

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1、2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第卷第一部分 英语知识运用 (满分50分)第一节语音知识 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：have

2、A. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C。 theaterA. treasureB. wheatC. seasonD. realize persuadeA. usualB. insistC. sugarD. trousers companyA. aloneB. carrotC. moneyD. knock oppositeA. serviceB. outsideC. pioneerD. police societyA. officialB. recentC. chocolateD. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C

3、、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。 What shall we do tonight then? _ whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. Its a dealC. No problemD. Its up to you He missed _ gold in the high jump,

4、but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it Tony

5、lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD

6、. set down Next to biology, I like physics _ .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well Did you ask Sophia for help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldntB. dontC. didntD. wont The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to

7、 watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is t

8、ellingC. has been tellingD. will have told The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantityB. progressC. productionD. demand Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy. Thanks. _A. So what?B. No way.C. What for?D. You, too.第三节完形填空 (每小题1. 5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的

9、四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find 22 work.I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a com

10、pany and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At

11、 first I got angry. Then it 31 me I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady

12、 who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my

13、 life.21. A. AsB. ThoughC. IfD. When22. A. successfulB. extraC. satisfyingD. convenient23. A. drivingB. repairingC. takingD. designing24. A. workingB. travellingC. discussingD. living25. A. prepared forB. attendedC. asked forD. held26. A. loseB. likeC. findD. get27. A. hardB. busyC. seriousD. short2

14、8. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for29. A. orderingB. promisingC. sayingD. showing30. A. in caseB. or elseC. as ifD. now that31. A. hurtB. hitC. caughtD. moved32. A. feelingsB. attentionC. strengthD. interests33. A. opinionsB. educationC. experiencesD. life34. A. listB. bookC. checkD. copy3

15、5. A. connectB. turnC. keepD. add36. A. herB. a passengerC. meD. my friend37. A. hospitalB. factoryC. restaurantD. hotel38. A. listen toB. reviewC. giveD. talk about39. A. planB. choiceC. dayD. tour40. A. operationB. speakingC. employmentD. thinking第二部分 阅读理解 (满分45分)第一节语篇阅读 (每小题2分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选

16、项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题2分)(A)Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals

17、 are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go insid

18、e, they probably are too. I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or

19、hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drin

20、k dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their won shelters.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to

21、stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes f

22、or funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result. (B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You

23、do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction te

24、lls you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing f

25、rom the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动). It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probab

26、ly out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called t

27、acking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. Th

28、e angle.47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. Tack the boat.48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report. (C)F

29、acial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a youn

30、g child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (alt

31、hough this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story

32、 with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience

33、 emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It i

34、s difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of sh

35、owing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove

36、that smile can _ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in the wrong placesD. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their relations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their

37、 past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleto

38、n (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the re

39、al remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.“Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept

40、 secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lu

41、cy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).53. The author writes this text mainly to _ .A. introduce a few U.S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape-manD.

42、report a coming event54. What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.55. How many cities has Lucys U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eleven.56. What was the sk

43、eleton named after?A. An ape-man.B. A song.C. A singer.D. A camp.(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down becaus

44、e “everyones a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out tw

45、o clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Heres how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regard

46、s failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isnt on the li

47、ne as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers,

48、 and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dwecks book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure t

49、hat your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation?A. They dont do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood.C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is p

50、robably one who _ .A. doesnt want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safetyC. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe?A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. Talent comes with ones birth.C. Scores should be highly valued.

51、D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study?A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes.C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

52、(每小题1分)Daughter：Dad. You love me, dont you?Father：Of course, I do. 61 Daughter：Well, I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper, and Father： 62 Daughter：Well, the phone is free after the50 I pay is returned to me.Father：Ah, so thats the catch. 63 Daughter：Dad. All my friends have

53、one.Father：Ah, I dont know. 64 Daughter：But the monthly charge for this service is only29.99, with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide, and unlimited weekend minutes.Father：I dont know.Daughter：Please Dad. With the new phone you wont have to worry about me while Im driving the new car.Father： 65 D

54、aughter：The new car youll need to buy so I can use the phone.A. Ah whats on your mind?B. New car? What new car?C. Free? Nothings ever free.D. What did you do to the new car?E. And why on earth do you need a phone?F. They always charge a lot for the service.G. But what is the term of the service agre

55、ement?第II卷第三部分写作 (共三节，满分55分)第一节单词拼写 (每小题1分) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空只写一词)。66. Do you speak any _ (外国) languages?67. Rebecca was the _ (骄傲) of her family.68. Will you stop _ (打断) me when Im talking?69. David Beckhams _ (国籍) is British.70. The _ (现代) history of Italy dates from 1860.

56、71. Bobs _ (侄子) is a freshman at Harvard University.72. Alice wanted to borrow Jacks computer, but he _ (拒绝).73. Her _ (书架) are filled with books and photos.74. What are you girls _ (耳语) about?75. Dont _ (咳嗽) more than you can help.第二节短文改错 (每小题1. 5分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。先对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（）；

57、如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意： 原行没有错的不要改； 答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.76._Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live77._without wat

58、er and neither agriculture or industry can go78._without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.79._Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water.80._To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all81._out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no82._d

59、rinking water should be left running. Third, we should find83._ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath84._water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.85._Sincerely,Li Hua第三节书面表达 (30分)假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括： 时间：周五晚8点至9点 地点：学生俱乐部 内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等 要

60、求：备小礼物注意： 词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。Hi, Susan,Were throwing a surprise party for Xiaomings birthday. 参考答案第一部分第一节15DBCAB第二节 610DCBDA1115 ACBCA 1620BACDD第三节2125BCADB2630DABCA3135BBDAD3640CACCD第二部分第一节4145DAABC4650CDACB5155BCDCB5660BDADA第二节 6165ACEFB第三部分第一节66. foreign 67. pride 6

61、8. interrupting 69. nationality 70. modern 71. nephew 72. refused 73. bookshelves / bookcases 74. whispering 75. cough第二节Dear Editor,Im writing to tell youopinion about water saving.76. my Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live77. animals without water and neither agriculture or indu

62、stry can go78. nor without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.79. seems Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water.80. they To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all81. the/this/thatout to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no82. because/since/asdrinking water should be left running. Third, we should find83. ways to reuse the water using in washi