GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计【含CAD图纸、说明书】
GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计【含CAD图纸、说明书】,含CAD图纸、说明书,gzd2000,重型,旋臂吊,系统,设计,cad,图纸,说明书,仿单
之 GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计姓姓 名:名:主要内容主要内容:一、旋臂吊参数一、旋臂吊参数重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设 计计二、总体设计方案二、总体设计方案三、起升机构设计三、起升机构设计四、变幅机构设计四、变幅机构设计五、回转机构设计五、回转机构设计六、支撑结构设计六、支撑结构设计七、总结七、总结一、旋臂吊参数一、旋臂吊参数 1 1、用途:用于物品的装卸,实现物品位移。、用途:用于物品的装卸,实现物品位移。2 2、主要规格参数、主要规格参数:1 1)起重量:)起重量:2T2T;2 2)起升高度:)起升高度:7.5m7.5m;3 3)变幅跨度:)变幅跨度:2.5m-10m2.5m-10m;4 4)起升速度:)起升速度:8m/min8m/min;5 5)回转角度:)回转角度:1801800 0。3 3、外形尺寸:、外形尺寸:11110000001100000000(单位(单位mmmm)。)。重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 旋臂吊是由三个机构组成旋臂吊是由三个机构组成起升、变起升、变幅、回转,各个机构由电动机提供动力,幅、回转,各个机构由电动机提供动力,经由减速器带动轴的旋转,同时也会考虑经由减速器带动轴的旋转,同时也会考虑制动器的作用及选择,从而实现物品的装制动器的作用及选择,从而实现物品的装卸。其次就是支撑结构的设计,给各个机卸。其次就是支撑结构的设计,给各个机构装配的合理性提供条件,而且要保证便构装配的合理性提供条件,而且要保证便于人的操作习惯。下图为实际应用中的旋于人的操作习惯。下图为实际应用中的旋臂吊。臂吊。二、总体设计方案二、总体设计方案重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 旋臂吊旋臂吊重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 我的旋臂吊我的旋臂吊重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计回转机构回转机构支撑结构支撑结构起升机构起升机构起升机构起升机构+变幅机构:电动葫芦变幅机构:电动葫芦回转机构:电机回转机构:电机+减速器减速器+一对齿轮一对齿轮支撑结构:立柱支撑结构:立柱+旋臂梁旋臂梁 人工实施操作:安全性、简便性人工实施操作:安全性、简便性变幅机构变幅机构三、起升机构设计三、起升机构设计 起升机构起升机构设计主设计主要包括机械部分和电要包括机械部分和电机机部分的设计,机械部分的设计,机械部分主要是钢丝绳、部分主要是钢丝绳、滑轮、卷筒等部件的滑轮、卷筒等部件的尺寸设计及强度校核。尺寸设计及强度校核。电电机机部分主要是电机、部分主要是电机、制动器、减速器等的制动器、减速器等的型号选择及校核,同型号选择及校核,同时要验算启动和制动时要验算启动和制动时间。起升机构传动时间。起升机构传动方案如右图所示。方案如右图所示。重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计三、三、起升机构起升机构电动电动设计设计电机选型:根据静功率电机选型:根据静功率N Nj j确定电机功率,而确定电机功率,而N Nj j与负载有与负载有关关N Nj j=(Q+q)V/1000=(Q+q)V/1000,同时针对电动葫芦来说锥形电机更,同时针对电动葫芦来说锥形电机更合适,而且有制动功能,所选型号为合适,而且有制动功能,所选型号为ZDZD1 132-432-4减速器选型:根据传动比来选择,本设计选用三合一减速器选型:根据传动比来选择,本设计选用三合一QSQS型减速器,型减速器,i=ni=ni i/n/nj j,n,ni i为电机转速,为电机转速,n nj j为卷筒转速,同为卷筒转速,同时联轴器的型号也确定下来时联轴器的型号也确定下来验算:按照等效功率法验算电机发热条件,验算:按照等效功率法验算电机发热条件,NxkNxkr rN Nj j,其其余有起升速度、实际所需等效功率、减速器输出轴强度余有起升速度、实际所需等效功率、减速器输出轴强度、启动时间、制动时间等的验算、启动时间、制动时间等的验算重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计四、变幅机构设计四、变幅机构设计 变幅机构传动方案与起升机构相似,变幅机构传动方案与起升机构相似,即将卷筒用轮子来代替,由电机经过减即将卷筒用轮子来代替,由电机经过减速器带动轴的旋转,从而带动葫芦轮子速器带动轴的旋转,从而带动葫芦轮子的旋转,实现在工字钢上的水平运动,的旋转,实现在工字钢上的水平运动,同时也要对时间及强度等进行校核。本同时也要对时间及强度等进行校核。本设计采用的是工作性变幅,即应用各种设计采用的是工作性变幅,即应用各种方法使旋臂吊在变幅过程中物品的重心方法使旋臂吊在变幅过程中物品的重心沿水平线或近似水平线移动,使得臂架沿水平线或近似水平线移动,使得臂架系统的重量与物品重量的合成重心沿水系统的重量与物品重量的合成重心沿水平线移动或固定不动。下图为实现起升平线移动或固定不动。下图为实现起升和变幅的电动葫芦。和变幅的电动葫芦。重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计电动葫芦电动葫芦重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 五、回转机构设计五、回转机构设计重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 回转机构是用来扩大机械的工作范围,回转机构是用来扩大机械的工作范围,当吊有物品的旋臂架绕立柱的回转中心做一当吊有物品的旋臂架绕立柱的回转中心做一百八十度回转时能使物品吊运到回转圆所及百八十度回转时能使物品吊运到回转圆所及的范围以内。通过电动部分带动小齿轮围绕的范围以内。通过电动部分带动小齿轮围绕卡合在立柱上的大齿轮旋转,上下托板焊接卡合在立柱上的大齿轮旋转,上下托板焊接到旋转机构支架上起到带动旋臂旋转及支撑到旋转机构支架上起到带动旋臂旋转及支撑的作用,电动机要固定在一个合理位置,才的作用,电动机要固定在一个合理位置,才能稳定安全工作,所以把电机安装能稳定安全工作,所以把电机安装在旋转机在旋转机构支架上,如下图所示:构支架上,如下图所示:回转机构示意图回转机构示意图 13六、支撑结构设计六、支撑结构设计重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计支撑结构立柱旋臂梁无缝钢管无缝钢管45钢钢高度和直径高度和直径工字钢工字钢Q235受力计算校核受力计算校核七、总结七、总结重型旋臂吊设重型旋臂吊设计计 在设计过程中遇到不少问题,感在设计过程中遇到不少问题,感谢各位老师的细心指导。但是由于我谢各位老师的细心指导。但是由于我缺乏经验、学识和水平有限,因此本缺乏经验、学识和水平有限,因此本设计缺点、错误在所难免,衷心期待设计缺点、错误在所难免,衷心期待各位老师、同学们批评指正。各位老师、同学们批评指正。OverOverThank you!Thank you! 学生毕业设计(论文)中期检查表学生姓名 选题情况课题名称GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计难易程度偏难适中偏易工作量较大合理较小符合规范化的要求任务书有无开题报告有无学习态度、出勤情况好一般差工作进度快按计划进行慢中期工作汇报及解答问题情况优良中差中期成绩评定:所在专业意见: 负责人: 年 月 日毕业设计(论文)任务书、指导书毕业设计(论文)任务书、指导书学 院: 机电工程学院 专业年级: 2010级机械设计制造及自动化 学生姓名: 设计(论文)题目: GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计 起 迄 日 期: 指 导 教 师: 教研室负责人: 日期: 年12月08日1毕业设计(论文)题目:GZD2000重型旋臂吊系统设计2本毕业设计(论文)课题的目的:培养学生综合运用所学机电等相关知识解决工程实际问题能力。3本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术参数、工作要求等):设计一台重型单臂吊系统。要求如下:1.可绕立柱180度旋转。2.吊起物距离立柱中心不少于1.5米,最远不超过10米。3.最大起吊重量2000Kg。要求设计,整个机械系统和相应的,电控系统。4课题的成果要求包括毕业设计论文、图表、实物样品等:1毕业设计论文不少于30000字,且论文格式和内容符合学院的统一格式和规范要求。2图纸数量折合标准图纸不少于2张A0图纸工作量,要求零部件图、装备图等。5课题完成步骤和方法(收集资料或采集数据的方法和地点,分析技术,制作技巧,设计使用的工具等):通过知 网 或 万 方 查询类似设计文献。包括:结构设计、驱动系统设计等。6主要参考文献:1) 成大先主编.机械设计手册(第三版).北京:化学工业出版社,1994.4 2) 顾战松主编.可编程控制器原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.53) 坂本正文.步进电机应用技术.北京:科学出版社, 2010.054) http:/www.yqqfdg.com/index01.htm5) http:/www.sdyfqzj.com/7本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:起 迄 日 期工 作 内 容2013年12月20日前熟悉课题、调研、收集资料、方案拟订;2014年3月30日前 确定总体设计方案、机械系统、零部件设计、控制系统设计;整理图纸、编写毕业设计论文,提交设计图纸和论文的初稿;2014年4月17日前 根据指导教师意见修改毕业设计,完成设计图纸和论文的正式稿;2015年5月31日前答辩。所在专业审查意见:负责人: 年 月 日学院意见:院领导: 年 月 日3 EXTENDING BEARING LIFE Abstract:Nature works hard to destroy bearings, but their chances of survival can be improved by following a few simple guidelines. Extreme neglect in a bearing leads to overheating and possibly seizure or, at worst, an explosion. But even a failed bearing leaves clues as to what went wrong. After a little detective work, action can be taken to avoid a repeat performance. Keywords: bearings failures life Bearings fail for a number of reasons,but the most common are misapplication,contamination,improper lubricant,shipping or handling damage,and misalignment. The problem is often not difficult to diagnose because a failed bearing usually leaves telltale signs about what went wrong However,while a postmortem yields good information,it is better to avoid the process altogether by specifying the bearing correctly in The first placeTo do this,it is useful to review the manufacturers sizing guidelines and operating characteristics for the selected bearing. Equally critical is a study of requirements for noise, torque, and runout, as well as possible exposure to contaminants, hostile liquids, and temperature extremes. This can provide further clues as to whether a bearing is right for a job. 1 Why bearings fail About 40% of ball bearing failures are caused by contamination from dust, dirt, shavings, and corrosion. Contamination also causes torque and noise problems, and is often the result of improper handling or the application environmentFortunately, a bearing failure caused by environment or handling contamination is preventable,and a simple visual examination can easily identify the cause Conducting a postmortem il1ustrates what to look for on a failed or failing bearingThen,understanding the mechanism behind the failure, such as brinelling or fatigue, helps eliminate the source of the problem. Brinelling is one type of bearing failure easily avoided by proper handing and assembly. It is characterized by indentations in the bearing raceway caused by shock loadingsuch as when a bearing is dropped-or incorrect assembly. Brinelling usually occurs when loads exceed the material yield point(350,000 psi in SAE 52100 chrome steel)It may also be caused by improper assembly, Which places a load across the racesRaceway dents also produce noise,vibration,and increased torque. A similar defect is a pattern of elliptical dents caused by balls vibrating between raceways while the bearing is not turningThis problem is called false brinelling. It occurs on equipment in transit or that vibrates when not in operation. In addition, debris created by false brinelling acts like an abrasive, further contaminating the bearing. Unlike brinelling, false binelling is often indicated by a reddish color from fretting corrosion in the lubricant. False brinelling is prevented by eliminating vibration sources and keeping the bearing well lubricated. Isolation pads on the equipment or a separate foundation may be required to reduce environmental vibration. Also a light preload on the bearing helps keep the balls and raceway in tight contact. Preloading also helps prevent false brinelling during transit. Seizures can be caused by a lack of internal clearance, improper lubrication, or excessive loading. Before seizing, excessive, friction and heat softens the bearing steel. Overheated bearings often change color,usually to blue-black or straw coloredFriction also causes stress in the retainer,which can break and hasten bearing failure Premature material fatigue is caused by a high load or excessive preloadWhen these conditions are unavoidable,bearing life should be carefully calculated so that a maintenance scheme can be worked outAnother solution for fighting premature fatigue is changing materialWhen standard bearing materials,such as 440C or SAE 52100,do not guarantee sufficient life,specialty materials can be recommended. In addition,when the problem is traced back to excessive loading,a higher capacity bearing or different configuration may be used Creep is less common than premature fatigueIn bearingsit is caused by excessive clearance between bore and shaft that allows the bore to rotate on the shaftCreep can be expensive because it causes damage to other components in addition to the bearing0ther more likely creep indicators are scratches,scuff marks,or discoloration to shaft and boreTo prevent creep damage,the bearing housing and shaft fittings should be visually checked Misalignment is related to creep in that it is mounting relatedIf races are misaligned or cockedThe balls track in a noncircumferencial pathThe problem is incorrect mounting or tolerancing,or insufficient squareness of the bearing mounting siteMisalignment of more than 1/4can cause an early failure Contaminated lubricant is often more difficult to detect than misalignment or creepContamination shows as premature wearSolid contaminants become an abrasive in the lubricantIn addition。insufficient lubrication between ball and retainer wears and weakens the retainerIn this situation,lubrication is critical if the retainer is a fully machined typeRibbon or crown retainers,in contrast,allow lubricants to more easily reach all surfaces Rust is a form of moisture contamination and often indicates the wrong material for the applicationIf the material checks out for the job,the easiest way to prevent rust is to keep bearings in their packaging,until just before installation 2 Avoiding failures The best way to handle bearing failures is to avoid themThis can be done in the selection process by recognizing critical performance characteristicsThese include noise,starting and running torque,stiffness,nonrepetitive runout,and radial and axial playIn some applications, these items are so critical that specifying an ABEC level alone is not sufficient Torque requirements are determined by the lubricant,retainer,raceway quality(roundness cross curvature and surface finish),and whether seals or shields are usedLubricant viscosity must be selected carefully because inappropriate lubricant,especially in miniature bearings,causes excessive torqueAlso,different lubricants have varying noise characteristics that should be matched to the application. For example,greases produce more noise than oil Nonrepetitive runout(NRR)occurs during rotation as a random eccentricity between the inner and outer races,much like a cam actionNRR can be caused by retainer tolerance or eccentricities of the raceways and ballsUnlike repetitive runout, no compensation can be made for NRR. NRR is reflected in the cost of the bearingIt is common in the industry to provide different bearing types and grades for specific applicationsFor example,a bearing with an NRR of less than 0.3um is used when minimal runout is needed,such as in diskdrive spindle motorsSimilarly,machinetool spindles tolerate only minimal deflections to maintain precision cutsConsequently, bearings are manufactured with low NRR just for machine-tool applications Contamination is unavoidable in many industrial products,and shields and seals are commonly used to protect bearings from dust and dirtHowever,a perfect bearing seal is not possible because of the movement between inner and outer racesConsequently,lubrication migration and contamination are always problems Once a bearing is contaminated, its lubricant deteriorates and operation becomes noisierIf it overheats,the bearing can seizeAt the very least,contamination causes wear as it works between balls and the raceway,becoming imbedded in the races and acting as an abrasive between metal surfacesFending off dirt with seals and shields illustrates some methods for controlling contamination Noise is as an indicator of bearing qualityVarious noise grades have been developed to classify bearing performance capabilities Noise analysis is done with an Anderonmeter, which is used for quality control in bearing production and also when failed bearings are returned for analysis. A transducer is attached to the outer ring and the inner race is turned at 1,800rpm on an air spindle. Noise is measured in andirons, which represent ball displacement in m/rad. With experience, inspectors can identify the smallest flaw from their sound. Dust, for example, makes an irregular crackling. Ball scratches make a consistent popping and are the most difficult to identify. Inner-race damage is normally a constant high-pitched noise, while a damaged outer race makes an intermittent sound as it rotates. Bearing defects are further identified by their frequencies. Generally, defects are separated into low, medium, and high wavelengths. Defects are also referenced to the number of irregularities per revolution. Low-band noise is the effect of long-wavelength irregularities that occur about 1.6 to 10 times per revolution. These are caused by a variety of inconsistencies, such as pockets in the race. Detectable pockets are manufacturing flaws and result when the race is mounted too tightly in multiplejaw chucks.Medium-hand noise is characterized by irregularities that occur 10 to 60 times per revolution. It is caused by vibration in the grinding operation that produces balls and raceways. High-hand irregularities occur at 60 to 300 times per revolution and indicate closely spaced chatter marks or widely spaced, rough irregularities. Classifying bearings by their noise characteristics allows users to specify a noise grade in addition to the ABEC standards used by most manufacturers. ABEC defines physical tolerances such as bore, outer diameter, and runout. As the ABEC class number increase (from 3 to 9), tolerances are tightened. ABEC class, however, does not specify other bearing characteristics such as raceway quality, finish, or noise. Hence, a noise classification helps improve on the industry standard. 附件1:外文资料翻译译文 怎么保持和延长轴承寿命摘要: 自然界苛刻的工作条件会导致轴承的失效,但是如果遵循一些简单的规则,轴承正常运转的机会是能够被提高的。在轴承的使用过程当中,过分的忽视会导致轴承的过热现象,也可能使轴承不能够再被使用,甚至完全的破坏。但是一个被损坏的轴承,会留下它为什么被损坏的线索。通过一些细致的侦察工作,我们可以采取行动来避免轴承的再次失效。 关键词: 轴承 失效 寿命 导致轴承失效的原因很多,但常见的是不正确的使用、污染、润滑剂使用不当、装卸或搬运时的损伤及安装误差等。诊断失效的原因并不困难,因为根据轴承上留下的痕迹可以确定轴承失效的原因。 然而,当事后的调查分析提供出宝贵的信息时,最好首先通过正确地选定轴承来完全避免失效的发生。为了做到这一点,再考察一下制造厂商的尺寸定位指南和所选轴承的使用特点是非常重要的。 1、轴承失效的原因 在球轴承的失效中约有40%是由灰尘、脏物、碎屑的污染以及腐蚀造成的。污染通常是由不正确的使用和不良的使用环境造成的,它还会引起扭矩和噪声的问题。由环境和污染所产生的轴承失效是可以预防的,而且通过简单的肉眼观察是可以确定产生这类失效的原因。 通过失效后的分析可以得知对已经失效的或将要失效的轴承应该在哪些方面进行查看。弄清诸如剥蚀和疲劳破坏一类失效的机理,有助于消除问题的根源。 只要使用和安装合理,轴承的剥蚀是容易避免的。剥蚀的特征是在轴承圈滚道上留有由冲击载荷或不正确的安装产生的压痕。剥蚀通常是在载荷超过材料屈服极限时发生的。如果安装不正确从而使某一载荷横穿轴承圈也会产生剥蚀。轴承圈上的压坑还会产生噪声、振动和附加扭矩。 类似的一种缺陷是当轴承不旋转时由于滚珠在轴承圈间振动而产生的椭圆形压痕。这种破坏称为低荷振蚀。这种破坏在运输中的设备和不工作时仍振动的设备中都会产生。此外,低荷振蚀产生的碎屑的作用就象磨粒一样,会进一步损害轴承。与剥蚀不同,低荷振蚀的特征通常是由于微振磨损腐蚀在润滑剂中会产生淡红色。消除振动源并保持良好的轴承润滑可以防止低荷振蚀。给设备加隔离垫或对底座进行隔离可以减轻环境的振动。另外在轴承上加一个较小的预载荷不仅有助于滚珠和轴承圈保持紧密的接触,并且对防止在设备运输中产生的低荷振蚀也有帮助。造成轴承卡住的原因是缺少内隙、润滑不当和载荷过大。在卡住之前,过大的摩擦和热量使轴承钢软化。过热的轴承通常会改变颜色,一般会变成蓝黑色或淡黄色。摩擦还会使保持架受力,这会破坏支承架,并加速轴承的失效。 材料过早出现疲劳破坏是由重载后过大的预载引起的。如果这些条件不可避免,就应仔细计算轴承寿命,以制定一个维护计划。 另一个解决办法是更换材料。若标准的轴承材料不能保证足够的轴承寿命,就应当采用特殊的材料。另外,如果这个问题是由于载荷过大造成的,就应该采用抗载能力更强或其他结构的轴承。 蠕动不象过早疲劳那样普遍。轴承的蠕动是由于轴和内圈之间的间隙过大造成的。蠕动的害处很大,它不仅损害轴承,也破坏其他零件。 蠕动的明显特征是划痕、擦痕或轴与内圈的颜色变化。为了防止蠕动,应该先用肉眼检查一下轴承箱件和轴的配件。 蠕动与安装不正有关。如果轴承圈不正或翘起,滚珠将沿着一个非圆周轨道运动。这个问题是由于安装不正确或公差不正确或轴承安装现场的垂直度不够造成的。如果偏斜超过0.25,轴承就会过早地失效。 检查润滑剂的污染比检查装配不正或蠕动要困难得多。污染的特征是使轴承过早的出现磨损。润滑剂中的固体杂质就象磨粒一样。如果滚珠和保持架之间润滑不良也会磨损并削弱保持架。在这种情况下,润滑对于完全加工形式的保持架来说是至关重要的。相比之下,带状或冠状保持架能较容易地使润滑剂到达全部表面。 锈是湿气污染的一种形式,它的出现常常表明材料选择不当。如果某一材料经检验适合工作要求,那么防止生锈的最简单的方法是给轴承包装起来,直到安装使用时才打开包装。2、避免失效的方法 解决轴承失效问题的最好办法就是避免失效发生。这可以在选用过程中通过考虑关键性能特征来实现。这些特征包括噪声、起动和运转扭矩、刚性、非重复性振摆以及径向和轴向间隙。 扭矩要求是由润滑剂、保持架、轴承圈质量(弯曲部分的圆度和表面加工质量)以及是否使用密封或遮护装置来决定。润滑剂的粘度必须认真加以选择,因为不适宜的润滑剂会产生过大的扭矩,这在小型轴承中尤其如此。另外,不同的润滑剂的噪声特性也不一样。举例来说,润滑脂产生的噪声比润滑油大一些。因此,要根据不同的用途来选用润滑剂。 在轴承转动过程中,如果内圈和外圈之间存在一个随机的偏心距,就会产生与凸轮运动非常相似的非重复性振摆(NRR)。保持架的尺寸误差和轴承圈与滚珠的偏心都会引起NRR。和重复性振摆不同的是,NRR是没有办法进行补偿的。在工业中一般是根据具体的应用来选择不同类型和精度等级的轴承。例如,当要求振摆最小时,轴承的非重复性振摆不能超过0.3微米。同样,机床主轴只能容许最小的振摆,以保证切削精度。因此在机床的应用中应该使用非重复性振摆较小的轴承。 在许多工业产品中,污染是不可避免的,因此常用密封或遮护装置来保护轴承,使其免受灰尘或脏物的侵蚀。但是,由于轴承内外圈的运动,使轴承的密封不可能达到完美的程度,因此润滑油的泄漏和污染始终是一个未能解决的问题。 一旦轴承受到污染,润滑剂就要变质,运行噪声也随之变大。如果轴承过热,它将会卡住。当污染物处于滚珠和轴承圈之间时,其作用和金属表面之间的磨粒一样,会使轴承磨损。采用密封和遮护装置来挡开脏物是控制污染的一种方法。 噪声是反映轴承质量的一个指标。轴承的性能可以用不同的噪声等级来表示。噪声的分析是用安德逊计进行的,该仪器在轴承生产中可用来控制质量,也可对失效的轴承进行分析。将一传感器连接在轴承外圈上,而内圈在心轴以1800r/min的转速旋转。测量噪声的单位为anderon。即用um/rad表示的轴承位移。 根据经验,观察者可以根据声音辨别出微小的缺陷。例如,灰尘产生的是不规则的劈啪声;滚珠划痕产生一种连续的爆破声,确定这种划痕最困难;内圈损伤通常产生连续的高频噪声,而外圈损伤则产生一种间歇的声音。 轴承缺陷可以通过其频率特性进一步加以鉴定。通常轴承缺陷被分为低、中、高三个波段。缺陷还可以根据轴承每转动一周出现的不规则变化的次数加以鉴定。低频噪声是长波段不规则变化的结果。轴承每转一周这种不规则变化可出现1.610次,它们是由各种干涉(例如 轴承圈滚道上的凹坑)引起的。可察觉的凹坑是一种制造缺陷,它是在制造过程中由于多爪卡盘夹的太紧而形成的。 中频噪声的特征是轴承每旋转一周不规则变化出现1060次。这种缺陷是由在轴承圈和滚珠的磨削加工中出现的振动引起的。轴承每旋转一周高频不规则变化出现60300次,它表明轴承上存在着密集的振痕或大面积的粗糙不平。 利用轴承的噪声特性对轴承进行分类,用户除了可以确定大多数厂商所使用的ABEC标准外,还可确定轴承的噪声等级。ABEC标准只定义了诸如孔、外径、振摆等尺寸公差。随着ABEC级别的增加(从3增到9),公差逐渐变小。但ABEC等级并不能反映其他轴承特性,如轴承圈质量、粗糙度、噪声等。因此,噪声等级的划分有助于工业标准的改进。
收藏