世界银行词汇

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1、24_- A -“A” loanStandard World Bank loan.“A” 类贷款世界银行发放的标准贷款abatement technologiesTechnologies designed to reduce (but not eliminate)the amount of pollutants released into theenvironment, e.g. from a factory.减排技术，减污技术减少（但不是消除）工厂等向环境中排放的污染物数量的技术。above quota超限额，超配额above the line (item)A customary balan

2、ce-sheet or revenue-or-expenseposition in a financial statement as compared to abelow the line item.线上（条目）财务报表中常规的资产负债或损益状况。相对于线下条目而言。absolute poorThose with an average annual per capita income ofless than that needed to pay for a minimumconsumption basket, based on the food necesary fora recommende

3、d calorie intake, and for nonfoodneeds, consistent with the spending patterms of thepoor. This rate will vary from country to country.绝对贫困者， 赤贫者指人均年收入不足以支付最低消费需求的 人。最低消费需求是根据能满足建议卡路里摄入量的食物需求和与贫困人口支出模式相一致的食物需求决定的。这一标准因国家而异。Absorption accounting; full cost accounting全额成本记帐法absorptive capacity吸收能力abstr

4、act (of a publication)(出版物的）摘要，概括，概要academic research学术研究accelerate a loan加速贷款准备工作accelerated depreciationDepreciation at a higher than usual rate in the earlyyears of an assets life and a lower than usual rate inthe later years of its life.加速折旧, 快速折旧指一种折旧方法，即在一项资产的使用年限中初期各年采用高于通常的折旧率，而在后期各年采用低于通常的折

5、旧率。accelerated recall MOV加速回收（货币）保值accelerated recoveryRecovery of currency used in lending operationssubject to maintenance of value. Recovery isaccelerated at the request of the member, providedthat such recovery does not result in a materialreduction of the sum of repurchases.加速回收（货币）贷款业务中为保值而采用的

6、货币回收方式。加速回收是在成员国的要求下进行的，前提是这种回收不会导致回购额的实际减 少。acceleration of maturity (of a loan) IBRDDeclaration by a lender that the outstandingprincipal is due and payable immediately, togetherwith the interest due, following non-compliance withloan covenants.（ 贷 款）提 前 到 期 国 际 复 兴 开 发 银 行 由于（借款人）未能履行贷款协议的条款，贷款人宣

7、布贷款余额的未偿本金立即到期，并要求连同应付利息一起偿还。acceptance, accepting house UKMerchant bank in the U.K. specializing in acceptingbills of exchange.承兑；票据承兑银行 英国英国专门负责承兑汇票的商人银行。acceptance; bank acceptance; bankers acceptanceA bill of exchange which has been accepted by abanker.承兑；银行承兑；银行承兑票据指银行已经接收的汇票。acceptance rate (b

8、y beneficiaries of a project)（项目受益人的）受益率access, entrance, leading, channel, fairway*25_进入，准入，门路，渠道，途径accession到达，接近，增加，增加物，（法律）财产自然增益，加入（条约等）accomodating policy*融通政策accommodation type融通类型accountability会计责任，经营责任accounting会计亦见accrual (basis) accounting; businessaccounting; cost accounting; current cos

9、t (value)accounting; double entry accounting; full costaccounting; general price level accounting; inflationaccounting; job order accounting; managementaccounting; managerial accounting; single-entryaccounting; social accounting matrix; standard costaccounting; stock accountingaccounting entries; en

10、triesThe record of a transaction in a book of accounts.会计分录；帐项在帐簿中对一笔交易的记录。accounting period会计期，会计结算期accounting practices会计业务，会计实务，核算惯例accounting priceA price used for accounting purposes (i.e. not amarket price). Often used synonymously withshadow price.会计价格，帐目价格用于会计目的的价格（即，不是市场价格），常常作为影子价格的同义词使用。a

11、ccounting procedure会计程序accounting rate of interest - ARIDiscount rate used to convert future values ofbenefits and costs into equivalent present values.会计利率（简写为ARI）用于将收益和成本的终值换算为相应现值的折现率。accounting rate of return*会计收益率accounting ratioRatio of accounting price to market price of a good.会计比率货物的会计价格与市场

12、价格的比率。accounting unitA business enterprise or other economic unit forwhich a system of accounts is maintained.会计核算单位指设有会计制度的企业或其他经济单位。accounts payableAmounts due and payable to third parties for goodsand/or services purchased for which payments havenot been made.应付帐款购进货物和（或）劳务之后，对第三方应付而尚未支付的金额。accou

13、nts receivable; receivablesAmounts due from others within one year of reportdate for goods and/or services sold in the normalcourse of business, but for which payment(s) havenot been received.应 收 帐 款报告日之后一年内，按正常途径售出的商品和（或）劳务从他人处应收而尚未收讫的付款。accrual应计见nonaccrual status; overaccrualsaccrual (basis) acco

14、untingA form of accounting wherein all transactions arerecognized and recorded at the time income isearned or expenditures are incurred, irrespective ofwhether or not cash is paid or received.权责发生会计制指一种记帐形式，即对所有交易均在获得收入或发生支出时给予认定和记录，不管是否已经支付或收到现金。accrual rateThe rate at which interest is accrued. In

15、 pensions,the rate at which benefits accrue.应计比率26_利息的应计率。用于养老金时指福利应计比率。accrualsRevenues and expenditures recognized as earned orincurred and recorded in the financial statement ofthe periods to which they relate.应记项目，应计收支额已认定并记入相应时期财务报表的收到或发生的支出。accrued depreciation; accumulated depreciationThe tot

16、al depreciation suffered by an asset or assetgroup, based on customary or fairly determined ratesor estimates of useful life.应计折旧；累计折旧一项资产或资产组合按照常规的或公平确定的比率，或按预计使用计算的折旧总额。accrued incomeIncome earned but neither received nor past due.应计收益（收入），应收未收收益未收到也未到期的已获收入。accrued interest - AIInterest earned bu

17、t not yet due and payable.应计利息，应收利息，累计利息 （简写为AI）指尚未到期和未付的已获利息。accrued liabilitiesAn amount of interest, wages or other expensesrecognized or incurred but not paid.应计负债，应付未付债务，累计负债已确认或已发生但尚未支付的利息、工资或其他支出额。accrued loan commissionsLoan commissions earned but not paid.应计贷款佣金已获但尚未支付的贷款佣金。accumulated depr

18、eciation累计折旧见 accrued depreciationaccumulated profit accounting累计利润 会计achievement tests educationTest for measuring learners present ability in aparticular subject or skill (as opposed to his potentialability).成绩测验，学业水平测验教育用于测定学习者在某一特定学科或技能方面的现有能力（相对于其潜在能力而言）的测验。acid deposition酸沉降acid rain酸雨acid-tes

19、t ratio; liquid ratio; quick ratioThe standard IBRD definition is the ratio of cashplus marketable securities plus accounts receivableplus other amounts readily convertible into cash tocurrent liabilities. Other definitions include ratio ofcurrent assets less inventories to current liabilities,ratio

20、 of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio ofcash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, andratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus themarket value of selected investments to currentliabilities.酸性试验比率；流动比率；速动比率国际复兴开发银行的标准定义是现金、可出售证券、应收帐款和其他随时可兑换成现金的总额与流动负债之间的比率。其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率

21、；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金、应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。ACP countries Lom ConventionEuropean Union country classification, consisting ofcountries that have established a cooperationscheme (the Lom Convention) with the EuropeanUnion. Consists primarily of the former colonies ofthe European Union me

22、mbers.非洲、加勒比海、太平洋国家洛美公约欧盟国家类别，包括那些同欧盟建立了某种合作方案（洛美公约）的国家，主要是欧盟成员国的前殖民地。acquired immune-deficiency syndrome - AIDS获得性免疫力缺乏综合症艾滋病（简写为AIDS）act of stateLegal theory according to which the courts of onecountry should abstain from passing judgment aboutthe legality of a sovereign act.国家行为一种法学理论。认为一个国家的法院不得

23、对该国主权行为的合法性作出判决。27_action plan行动计划见mitigation planactive borrowerCountry that still receives World Bank loans.当前借款国目前仍然接受世界银行贷款的国家active loanA loan on which disbursement is still being made.当前贷款正处于支付阶段的贷款。activity brief EDI活动简报经济发展学院actual costsAmounts determined on the basis of costs incurredas opp

24、osed to forecasted costs.实际费用实际发生的费用，区别于预测费用。actual figures实际数字actuarial lump sum精算总数ad valorem (customs) dutyA tax or duty levied as a given proportion of thevalue of a commodity or service. It grows withinflation.从价税（关税）按照商品或服务的价值的一定比例征收的税或关税。这种税随通货膨胀而增长。adaptive researchResearch which adapts to l

25、ocal conditions.适用研究为适应当地条件而进行的研究。additionalityUsed to refer to the provision of extra loan flows todeveloping countries.额外贷款曾经用来指向发展中国家提供的额外贷款additional facility ICSID追加的融通资金解决投资争端国际中心Additional Facility Rules ICSID融通资金追加条例解决投资争端国际中心adjective law; procedural law程序法adjustable peg foreign exchange可调整

26、钉住汇率外汇adjustment调整adjustment aid调整援助admeasurement countract单元?合同见unit price contractadministered arbitration system ICSID执行的仲裁制度解决投资争端国际中心administered priceThe price per unit of commodity where the amountto be paid or received is directly established orsubstantially influenced by a controlling agent

27、.Such a price is ordinarily the result of plannedcontrol. Includes ceiling prices, support prices andfixed rates (government) and base prices, computedprices and millnet or netback prices (industry).管制价格，控制价格，操纵价格由代理人直接确定或受代理人强大影响的商品应付或应收的单位价格。这种价格一般是由有计划的控制造成的，其中包括（政府）上限价格、支持价格、固定利率，以及（工业）基础价格、推算价格

28、、以及厂盘净价或出厂净价。administrative machinery行政机构advance account预付款帐户advance contractingIn World Bank loans, procedure whereby theborrower enters into a contract before the signing ofthe relevant loan agreement.先期合同指借款人在向世界银行申请贷款的过程中，签定有关贷款协议之前签定的合同。advance contribution scheme (for IDA-10)先期提供捐款资金计划（国际开发协会第

29、10次增28_资）advance deposit预缴押金advance deposit requirements (on imports)（ 进 口）预缴押金条件，预缴定金要求advance payment预付款advance payment bondA bank bond guaranteeing the advance paymentmade by the employer to the contractor in case ofbankruptcy or other cause.先期付款契约一种银行契约，保证雇主在破产或其他情况下，向承包人先行付款。advance payment sec

30、urityA bank security guaranteeing the advance paymentmade by the employer to the contractor in case ofbankruptcy or other cause.先期付款保证一种银行担保，保证雇主在破产或其他情况下，向承包人先期付款。advance procurement actionInitiating and processing the procurement, up to thepoint where bids have been received and evaluatedand an aw

31、ard decided upon. It stops short ofentering into a contract, to avoid committing theborrower before the Bank funding for the operationis assured.先期采购行动借款人着手办理采购事宜，直至收_到标书、评标并确定授标为止。它止于合同签定之前，以避免在世界银行提供项目贷款得到保证之前，使借款人承担义务。advance repayment提前清偿，预付advanced export payments出口预付款advanced farmer技术先进农民advan

32、ced studies高级研究advanced training高级培训adverse selection MIGA（风险的）逆向选择多边投资担保机构advocate ICSID辩护律师解决投资争端国际中心aeromagnetic survey; airmag survey航空地磁探测affiliate附属公司，子公司，联营公司，联号affiliate bank联营银行，分行，联属银行affordability承担能力，承受能力affordability ratio可承受比率见housing expenses/income ratioafforestation造林，绿化age-standard

33、ized death rateDeath rate corrected so as to allow for the effects ofthe differences in age structure of a population.年龄标准化死亡率根据（一国）人口年龄结构差异的影响修正的死亡率。agency line; credit line on a agency basis IFC代理机构信贷额度 国际金融公司agency (line) subprojects代理机构（信贷额度）子项目agency securities, obligations U.S.政府机构证券，债务 美国agen

34、t代理亦见 billing agent； buying agent； extension agent；field agent； fiscal agent； procurement agentagent bank syndicate代理人 银行辛迪加29_agent ICSID代理人 解决投资争端国际中心agent bank1. Bank acting for a foreign bank.2. Bank handling administration of loan in asyndicated credit.代理银行1. 为外国银行作代理的银行。2. 管理辛迪加（银行集团）贷款的银行。agg

35、lomeration economiesEconomies of scale resulting from urbanconcentration. Cf. localization economies,urbanization economies.聚集经济城市集中化所产生的规模经济（参见localizationeconomies, urbanization economies）。Aggregate总计，累计，累积aggregate demand总需求aggregate measure of support - AMSA way of measuring domestic agricultura

36、l support,proposed by the European Union, whereby allgovernment support provided to a specific farmproduct is measured.农业支持综合衡量（简写为AMS）由欧盟提出的一种衡量对国内农业支持的方法，可衡量对某一农产品提供的全部政府支持。aggregate modelA mathematical model which models a combinedsample instead of several units in a group, e.g. ittakes represent

37、ative factors for a farm instead ofmodeling a number of farms and the interactionsbetween them.综合模式，总（体）模式一种数学模型，对综合样本而不是一个群体中的若干单位进行模拟。例如，它从一个农场抽取有代表性的因素而不是对若干个农场及其相互作用进行模拟。aggregative planning总体计划，宏观计划aging schedule accounts receivableClassification of accounts receivable according towhether they

38、are current or past due. If past due theyare classified into categories based upon the periodwhen they became due.帐龄分类表 应收帐款对应收帐款根据本期或过期进行的分类。如已过期，则根据其到期时间进行分类。agreed budget plan; contract planA selective statement of the major tasks andperformance indicators - including dates andanticipated costs -

39、 to be used in tracking andevaluating quarterly progress during the budgetyear. A cornerstone of the Banks budget policy.Both terms are used, though agreed budget plan isthe official one.议定预算计划；承包计划主要任务和业绩指标（包括日期和预计费用）的选择性报表，用来跟踪和评价预算年度中每个季度的进度，是世界银行预算政策的一个基石。虽然“议定预算计划”（agreed budget plan）一词更为正式，但这两

40、个词是可以通用的。agreement to reimburse支付协议见 irrevocable agreement to reimburse; qualifiedagreement to reimburseagribusiness; agroindustries; agro-based industry;agroprocessing industries农业综合企业；农工联合体；农基产业；农产品加工业agricultural credit intermediary农业信贷中介机构agricultural extension农业（技术）推广agricultural extension offi

41、cer - AEO农业技术推广官员（简写为AEO）agricultural production and export (APEX) bank农产品生产与出口（简写为 APEX）银行agricultural production and export (APEX)cooperative农产品生产与出口（简写为APEX）合作社agricultural sector adjustment loan - ASAL WorldBank农业部门调整贷款（简写为ASAL）世界银行agriculturist30_农学家agro-based industry农基企业；农业关联产业agro-economist农

42、业经济学家agroforestry农林业agroindustries农工综合企业agroprocessing农产品加工agroprocessing industries农产品加工业agrosupport industry支农工业aid dependencyRefers to the poorest countries that need foreign aidmerely to maintain their present low quality of life.援助依赖国指那些需要外国援助，但不过仅能以此维持目前低生活质量的最贫穷国家。air dried tonA ton of an agr

43、icultural product which has beendried in the air and will therefore weigh less than thesame quantity not dried in the air.风干吨风干后的一吨农产品，重量上轻于未经风干的等量农产品。airmag survey; aeromagnetic survey航空地磁探测airshedAn area with similar air mix and affected by thesame air pollution sources, thereby having similarair

44、quality.空气区域指由于具有相似的大气构成并受到同一空气污染源影响、因而空气质量相似的区域。algae, algal bloomProliferation of algae due to excessive release ofnitrogen and phosphorus (e.g. from fertilizer runoffor detergents).藻类；藻类繁盛由于氮和磷（例如肥料和洗涤用品）的过度排放而引起的藻类大量生长。all risk insurance全风险保险，包全险alley cropping; strip croppingGrowing two or more

45、crops in alternating strips orblocks on the same piece of land at the same time.条植法；条播法在同一块田里按条或块同时种植两种或两种以上的作物。allocated costs调拨成本，已分摊成本allocation of loan proceeds贷款资金的分配allocation of net income净收入的分配allocation of profits; appropriation of profits利润分配；利润拨付allocation of resources资源分配，资源配置allotment b

46、udget分配，拨款（预算）allowance for contingencies; reserve forcontingencies; contingency allowance应急筹备金，意外事件准备金allowance for depreciation折旧备抵见reserve for depreciationalternative projects供选择的（项目），备选（项目），备选方案 项目alternative bid procurement副标 采购alternative energy代用能源amendment, amending agreement31_修正案；修正协定amend

47、ments to the Articles of Agreement协 定修正案American short staple cotton; Arabian cotton;herbaceous cotton; Levant cotton美国短绒棉；阿拉伯棉；草本棉；黎凡特棉amortization schedule分期偿付计划，分期偿付时间表andropogonGrass used for erosion control.须芒草用于控制水土流失的一种草。animal husbandry畜牧业animal unit - AUMeasurement based upon the amount of

48、feed eatenand manure produced by an average mature horse orcow or the equivalent. The equivalent is taken to betwo heifers over one year, four calves under oneyear, seven ewes or bucks, two and a half broodsows or boars, five hogs raised to 200 pounds eachor 100 hens.牲畜单位（简写为AU）一种度量单位，以一头成熟的马或母牛或与其相

49、当的牲畜一年所食用的饲料和产生的粪便为依据。其量值为两头一岁以上的小母牛；四头不足一岁的小牛；七头公羊或母羊；两头半母猪或公猪；五头养到200磅的猪；或100只母鸡。annotated agenda注明的 议程，加注议程announcement effectThe change in market price or other economiccondition that occurs upon the mere knowledge ofsomething later that will cause the change. Forexample, if a developer plans to

50、 buy land for ashopping center, land prices will rise when hisintentions are known.宣布效应指种仅仅由于得知某种会造成变化的事件以后而引起的市场价格或其他经济条件发生变化的效应。例如，一个开发商计划购买地皮建造购物中心，当其意向被人得知后，地价就会上扬。Annual Meeting ICSID年会 解决投资争端国际中心Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Governors) ofthe World Bank and the International MonetaryFund世界银

51、行和国际货币基金组织（理事会）年会annualization年度化，年率化，按年计算annuity bondBond on which interest is paid indefinitely andwhich has no maturity date.年金债券无限期支付利息，无到期日的债券annuity system debt service年金制，年度还本付息制 偿 债annuity-type repayment terms年金式偿付条件anthracite; hard coal无烟煤；硬煤anticipatory rate setting - ARSSimilar to deferre

52、d rate setting but which allowspurchaser to lock in the underlying Treasury yield atone or more points in time preceding the date of theissue.预期确定利率（简写为ARS）与递延确定利率相类似，但允许购买者在美国财政部的长期证券发行日之前，锁住某个或多个时间的收益率。antidumping duty反倾销税apex bank, cooperative农产品出口银行，农产品出口合作社见agricultural production and export ba

53、nk,cooperativeapex bank, institutionInstitution receiving money from the World Bankunder an apex loan which it, in turn, onlends to otherborrowers.农产品生产与出口银行，机构接受世界银行农产品生产与出口贷款再转贷给其他借款人的机构。apex loan32_Loan whereby IBRD lends money to an apexdevelopment financial unit which onlends it toparticipating

54、 financial institutions which, in turn,onlend it to industrial companies.农产品生产与出口贷款国际复兴开发银行向某一农产品生产与出口发展金融单位提供贷款，该单位在接受贷款后先转贷给参与的金融机构，然后再由后者转贷给实业公司。apex reportQuarterly report issued on the previous quartersbudget. They show the extent to which agreedbudget plans are being implemented and highlighta

55、reas where corrective action or resourceredeployment would be appropriate.农产品生产与出口（货款）报告关于上一季度预算的季报。该季报显示经同意的预算计划的执行情况，并着重说明适于采取纠正措施或重新配置资金的方面。application fee MIGAFee charged for every definitive application for aguarantee filed with MIGA.申请费 多边投资担保机构对多边投资担保机构提出的每一正式担保申请所收取的费用。application for member

56、ship入会申请，加入世界银行的申请application for withdrawal (from loan account orcredit account)（从贷款帐户或信贷帐户中）提款申请application of funds资金申请applied research应用研究appraisal (technical and economic)（技术和经济）评估appraisal fee IFCFee levied under various IFC facilities (APDF,MLF), payable by borrower at time of signingrelevant

57、 loan agreement.评估费 国际金融公司国际金融公司各种基金（非洲项目发展基金等）所征收的费用，在签定相应的贷款协定时由借款人支付。appraisal mission评估团appraisal team IFCThe investment officer, engineer and economist for aproject.评估小组 国际金融公司由投资官员、工程师和经济学家为某一项目的评估组成的小组。appreciation (in value)增值，升值approach paperIssues paper探讨问题的文件appropriate technology - ATThe

58、 application of a technology appropriate for thefactor endowment that exists. As developingcountries usually have a large labor force andrelatively little spare investment capital,labor-intensive industries are appropriate for them.适用技术，适用工艺（简写为 AT）适合于现有生产要素的技术。例如，发展中国家通常拥有大量的劳动力，而相对缺乏投资资金，因此劳动集约型产业对他们来说是适用的。appropriation budget拨款 预 算appropriation law USUS statute that generally provides authorization forfederal agencies to incur obligations and to makepayments out of the Treasury for specified purposes.拨款法