连接座支架注塑模设计-塑料注射模含12张CAD图
连接座支架注塑模设计-塑料注射模含12张CAD图,连接,支架,注塑,设计,塑料,注射,12,十二,cad
中文摘要塑料工业是当今世界上增长最快的工业门类之一,而注塑模具是其中发展较快的种类,因此,研究注塑模具对了解塑料产品的生产过程和提高产品质量有很大意义。本设计介绍了注射成型的基本原理,特别是单分型面注射模具的结构与工作原理,对注塑产品提出了基本的设计原则;详细介绍了冷流道注射模具浇注系统、温度调节系统和顶出系统的设计过程,并对模具强度要求做了说明;通过本设计,可以对注塑模具有一个初步的认识,注意到设计中的某些细节问题,了解模具结构及工作原理;通过对PROGRAM的学习,可以建立较简单零件的零件库,从而有效的提高工作效率。关键字 塑料模具 参数化 镶件 分型面外文摘要Title The Plastic Injection Modle Design Of Heart Shape Lampe Abstract Plastic industry is in the world grows now one of quickest industry classes, but casts the mold is development quick type, therefore, the research casts the mold to understand the plastic product the production process and improves the product quality to have the very big significance.This design introduced the injection takes shape the basic principle, specially single is divided the profile to inject the mold the structure and the principle of work, to cast the product to propose the basic principle of design; Introduced in detail the cold flow channel injection evil spirit mold pours the system, the temperature control system and goes against the system the design process, and has given the explanation to the mold intensity request; Finally introduced now in the world the most popular three dimensional CAD/CAM system standard software PRO/ENGNEERs PROGRAM module, and led the wrap to the guide pillar to carry on the parametrization design.Through this design, may to cast the mold to have a preliminary understanding, notes in the design certain detail question, understands the mold structure and the principle of work; Through to the PROGRAM study, may establish the simple components the components storehouse, thus effective enhancement working efficiency.Key word The plastic mold The parametrization Inlays Divides the profile XXXX设计(XX)任务书系 部:专 业:学 生 姓 名:学 号:设计(论文)题目:连接座零件的注射模设计起 迄 日 期:设计(论文)地点:指 导 教 师:专业负责人:发任务书日期: 20XX年2月26日任 务 书1本毕业设计(论文)课题应达到的目的:塑料件在各行业及日常生活广泛使用,塑料模具的设计制造的社会需求也日益增长,而且要求越来越高。通过对外接座零件注射模设计,培养学生检索资料,综合应用所学知识,并根据工程实际的要求解决工程实际问题的方法与能力,训练学生模具设计制造的基本技能和模具CAD设计能力,提高独立工作的能力,适应社会需求。2本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等):本课题的任务内容是要求设计外接座零件的注射模设计,以此为基础,完成模具制造的工艺设计。课题工作量较大,难度适中。具体内容包括:(1)调查研究、查阅及翻译文献资料,撰写开题报告;(2)根据模具结构要求进行塑件设计;(3)模具总体方案论证(至少设计3个方案);(4)模具装配图及全部零件图;(5)模具制造工艺;(6)文档整理、撰写毕业设计说明书及使用说明书。对模具的要求:(1)一模两件(2)动力利用开模动作XX 设 计(XX)任 务 书3对本毕业设计(论文)课题成果的要求包括毕业设计论文、图表、实物样品等:(1)开题报告、文献综述、资料翻译;(2)模具总体方案图(至少3个);(3)模具装配图及全部零件图;(4)模具制造工艺文件;(5)毕业设计说明书。 4主要参考文献:1 成都科技大学等.塑料成型模具M. 北京:中国轻工业出版社,1982. 2 西德H.盖斯特罗编著,王文展译.注射模设计102例M. 北京:国防工业出版社,1990. 3 日叶屋臣一等,许鹤峰等译.注射模具设计和应用M. 北京:轻工业出版社,1989. 4 成都科技大学.塑料成型工艺学M. 北京:轻工业出版社,1989. 5 塑料模具设计手册编写组. 塑料模具设计手册S. 北京:机械工业出版社,1982. 6机械设计手册联合编写组. 机械设计手册S. 第2版,北京:机械工业出版社,1987.7胡石玉.模具制造技术M.南京:东南大学出版社,1997.8骆志斌.模具工手册M.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2000.XX 设 计(XX)任 务 书5本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:起 迄 日 期工 作 内 容2009年3月09日 3 月30 日3月31日 4 月07 日4月08日 4 月15 日4月16日 4 月23 日4月24日 5 月15日5月16日 5月23日5月24日 6 月07日6月07日 6 月10日6月11日 6月14日接受毕业设计任务,熟悉毕业设计要求。查阅资料,完成外文资料翻译工作撰写开题报告及文献综述按照模具结构要求进行塑件设计,进行模具初步方案考虑。模具总体方案论证:画出模具总体方案图(至少3个),优选一种(应有文字说明)。同时熟悉CAD软件。模具装配图和全部零件图制定模具制造工艺文件文档整理、撰写毕业设计说明书。提交毕业设计成果准备论文答辩所在专业审查意见:负责人: 年 月 日学院(系)意见:院(系)领导: 年 月 日 外文资料翻译资料来源:www.elsevier.com文章名:Tribological assessment of the interface injection mold/plastic part书刊名:tribology international作 者:crossmark出版社:journal homepage文 章 译 名: 注塑模具原理及基本方法 姓 名: 学 号: 指导教师(职称): 专 业: 班 级: 所 在 学 院: 外文原文:The sector of plastics processing is relatively young compared to cast iron, steel or glass industry. So it still has a very strong development potential. One of the current challenges of the plastic injection process is linked to the importance given to product design that enables a strong differentiation 1. Plastic parts with an increased technical level of surface accuracy are required in the areas of luxury, packaging, automotive, including the medical and optics. Their development involves the improvement of the fabrication process, and one of the keys lies in the mastery of the surface conditions of the molds.Injection molding is a cyclic process, characterized by 5 phases: dosing, injection, packing, cooling and ejection . The raw material that is dosed in the machine must be pure and conserved before use at an adequate temperature in order to be as dried as possible. This is necessary to avoid condensation inside the mold. The injection phase is characterized by high flow rates and hence high shear rate (tangential effect). As the molten material enters the mold, two heat transfer mechanisms occur: convection (between the melted material and mold surface) and viscous dissipation (due to the effect of injection speed on the injected material viscosity). As the filling is complete, the mold is uphold at a predetermined pressure and so the packing phase is initiated. During this phase, the molten polymer continues to be introduced into the mold to compensate for the shrinkage of the already injected material as it cools down. After a specific time, the cooling phase (contrary to the cooling state which begins during injection and packing phase) of the entire assembly starts and so also the solidification process of the plastic part. As the material solidifies and shrinks in the mold, the dominant heat transfer mechanism is conduction. When the part is sufficient solidified, it is ejected from the mold. During this last phase, a normal effect can be attributed to the ejection force and adhesion phenomena can occur between the mold surface and the plastic part 2.Despite the undeniable diversity of configurations available (in terms of combination: mold material, surface finish and processed materials), the producers are faced with similar difficulties. Thus, the key shortcomings that stand out, more or less combined, can be summarize as follows: the fouling phenomena which require frequent stops for cleaning; corrosion phenomena that can greatly limit the lifetime of the mold cavity as a function of the type of injected polymer; problems of sticking and releasing in function of the injected materials and surface quality; problems in keeping the polishing quality; scratches or shocks during use or storage.The available literature approaches experimental and/or numerical, various aspects regarding the plastic injection molding process. One of them is the filling and flow behavior of molten polymers. 3Bociaga and Jaruga studied the formation of flow, weld and meld lines by developing a new method of flow visualization, which can prove helpful in the identification of weakareas on injected parts. Also the effect of pressure and cavity thickness were assessed. Same topic was treated by Ozdemir etal. 4, comparing the behavior of molten HDPE (high density poly-ethylene) and PE experimentally and numerically.During molding, friction forces act first between the mold surface and the molten polymer and second when the plastic part is ejected from the mold. Bull etal. 5 adapted the ASTM rubber wheel abrasion test to simulate the conditions of wear produced by the glass filled polymers on the barrel surface of an injection molding machine. Various coatings were tested, but unfortunately they tended to have a weak performance on account of the test conditions. 6 developed a prototype apparatus to study the friction properties of molding thermoplastics during ejection phase. The measured friction coefficient had a tendency to increase with the roughness. But when the roughness was reduced the friction coefficient increase due to the rising adhesion forces effect. The scanning electron microscopy images of the mold surface and the ones for the polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) plastic parts, revealed a clear replication of the mold surface on the parts.Transient in nature, injection molding process involves not only several heat transfer mechanisms, phase change and time varying boundary conditions, but goes further in adding the effect of material properties and geometry of the injected part. 7 Bendada etal performed a study to evaluate the nature of thermal contact between polymer and mold through the different phases of a typical injection cycle. Their findings concluded that the thermal contact resistance was not negligible, not constant with time and was strongly linked with the process conditions.The existing number of studies concerning the phenomena present at the interface mold surface/polymer is relatively low to other related topics. Besides, they dont focus on studying the current limitations of the plastic injection process at a microscopic scale, taking into account various macroscopic influences. To overcome plastic injection molding shortcomings, the contact conditions at the interface between mold surface and plastic part have to be identified. This work focus on the effect of the polishing quality, the mold geometry and the injected material on that interface, by studying the corrosion-mechanical attack and the mechanical -physical- chemical one.2. Method and materials2.1. MaterialsFour polymers were chosen to be injected: ionomer resin (E-MMA Surlyns PC 2 000), styrene-acrylonitrile resin (SAN Tyril 790), polyamide with 25% glass fibers (PA66GF25) and poly-carbonate (PC Makrolon LQ 2647). Surlyn is a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid where some of the acid groups are neutralized to form the sodium salt. The acid in the polymer gives polarity and reduces crystallinity. The ionic bonding between the polymer chains gives outstanding melt strength, toughness and clarity. The reason of choosing Surlyn was based on the experience of our industrial partners, which find it particularly corrosive despite its good properties. Surlyn is also a copolymer, optically transparent and brittle in mechanical behavior. Its considered in this study a reference material, usually used in cosmetics, luxury and automobile domains. PA66GF25 is an aliphatic-polyamide, reinforced with 25% glass fibers. PA66 has an excellent balance of strength, ductility and heat resistance. The glass fibers exert an abrasive effect and thus affect the mechanical protection of the polishing. PC is composed by carbonate groups. It has a high impact-resistance, low scratch-resistance and is highly transparent to visible light. It is usually used for the production of eyewear lenses and exterior automotive components.2.2. MoldsTwo molds, made of hardened steel (52 HRC) containing 13% to 15% of Chromium, with different geometries were used, one with a mirror polished surface (complex geometry) and another with an optical polished surface (simple geometry) . The mold has two parts: the stamp and the matrix. For the mold with complex geometry the stamp is of 149 119 80 mm in size and the matrix of 149 119 50 mm. In case of the one with a simple geometry, the stamp is of 50 70 mm in size and the matrix has a cylinder form with a diameter of 70 mm. The surface finish of the mirror and optical polished molds involved a polishing cloth and diamond paste. Further details on the polishing process are confidential.The mirror polished mold was specially designed for this study by Technimold (a mold maker) to highlight the role of angles and obstacles in the formation of defaults. Also the mold design did not include a special feature that can evacuate the air. This was done intentionally in order to submit the polished surfaces to aggressive conditions. The molding process was performed at “Center Technique dela Plasturgie et des Composites” (IPC, France) on a 50 T Engel machine. The injection parameters, listed in Table 2, were chosen in accordance with standard specifications for the injected polymers. Based on a numerical simulation they were adapted to respond in conformity with the mold design. Two injection campaigns were conducted on this type of mold. After the first campaign, on the plane part of the mold stamp, an insert with a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 8 mm, was mounted to facilitate the morphology assessment.For the Surlyn injection, 3000 parts were injected in the first campaign. After surface analysis, the mold was submitted to the industrial cleaning operation. The second campaign consisted in the injection of 3700 more parts. SAN and PA66GF25 were injected on the same mold. During the first campaign, only 8000 SAN parts were injected. Before starting a second campaign, the mold was polished entirely. The second campaign consisted in the injection of 300 parts of SAN. The insert was changed before starting the injection of 12 200 PA66GF25 parts.2.3. MethodThe surface expertize consisted in two main steps: the microscopy analysis and the inter ferometry measurements before and after injection process. Due to their large dimensions and elevated mass, the surface analysis of the mirror polished molds was per-formed using a classic optical microscope. For the optical polished one, thanks to smaller dimensions, the microscope analysis could be carried out using a numerical optical microscope (Keyence) and a high resolution environmental scanning electron microscope (FEI XL30 ESEM). Although two injection campaigns have been performed, the results presented in this paper, refer only to the surface expertize performed at the end of the second campaign. For the injected plastic parts, only the interface between mold matrix plane part and plastic part is discussed in this paper.In order to identify the chemical composition of different deposits found on the mirror polished mold surfaces, a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used for the analysis.3. Results and discussions3.1. Mirror polished mold3.1.1. Injection SurlynsAll along the stamp plane part, deposits different in texture and consistence can be observed (Fig. 5). Their location and morphologyseem to indicate the flow direction of the molten polymer. Also it can be noticed, towards the end of the flow, the deposits grow in terms of thickness and occupied surface.The type of deposit observed in Fig. 5e and f is also observed after the first injection campaign (3000 injected parts), and appeared that the cleaning operation has been able to remove it, but formed again during the second injection campaign (3700 injected parts). This particular deposit is located between the extremity of the oval bump and the hole where one of the ejection pins acts. Also in this location the flow changes direction, more precisely makes a left turn; fact also revealed by the deposit morphology. Its existence can be explained starting with the effect of the injection speed on the molten polymer viscosity, which is considered to be a heat transfer mechanism that occurs during the injection process. Due to the geometry factor, the viscous dissipation creates a temperature gradient which sensitizes this area. During the packing phase, as the mold continues to be filled, the location identified is one of the last to be reached by the molten polymer. As the holding phase begins and with it the solidification, the temperature gradient that appears in the injection phase continues to act and by doing so it delays the solidification in this area. When the established time for the holding phase expires, the mechanism of ejection is set in motion. The ejection pin is close to the identified location and as it was affected by the temperature gradient and has not yet been entirely solidifies, it will also be the first area to be separated from the mold surface. All these can explain the appearance of the adhesion phenomenon.In the deposit appears like a thin film and is also located in an area where the flow changes direction. It could also be justified by the temperature gradient, but its aspect and composition suggest that may another phenomena can occur. The infrared analysis performed on this area suggest that only some of the wave numbers match with the ones from the spectrum registered for the injected part It is possible that the gases released from the contact of the molten polymer with the mold surface reacted with the additives from the raw material composition and facilitated the separation of the thin layer that stick on the mold surface. Also the “scraped” aspect of this deposit indicates that is more likely that this type of deposit has formed during the injection phase.Holes (form 14.6nm to 404nm deep) are observed before injection probably due to polishing.Their morphology evolves during injection process:the holes expand in occupation area and depth(39.7nm to 877nm).the pointing red arrows indicate the presence of the evolved holes.They exhibit two types of morphology.The first type illustrated shows very small holes focused altogether in smaller or larger spots and the second type illustrated presents a hole surrounded by a “cloud” of small holes. Due to the inclusions in the bulk material,grains dislocation could occur causing the formation of holes during polishing process.Those holes are modified in term of depth and area during injection process.As reported,stress corrosion cracking can affect the molds,starting at a microscopic level and revealing itself at crack.The primary causal elements are the metallurgy of steel,the presence of chlorine in the water used in the cooling lines of the mold and the stresses on the tool during molding.It is known that Chromium gives the steel corrosion resistance,by providing a protective oxide layer.Thus it is possible that due to the polishing defects(holes),the thickness of the layer is compromised and thus when a high viscous corrosive polymer,like Surlyn,is injected,the areas affected by holes,are submitted to corrosion nature of Surlyn(based on the experience of industrial project partners),can create an aggressive environment at the mold/molten polymer interface due to the gases release.The high viscosity of Surlyn and its capability to stick onto the mold surface also plays a role in terms of exerting a mechanical-physico-chemical attack on the area where the defaults are located.All these statements allow to catalog this default as corrosion pit.4. ConclusionsThis study has allowed the identification and evaluation of defaults that occur during plastic injection process,at microscopic scale.The results obtained highlight the different damage mechanisms sustained by the mold surface,as a function of polishing,geometry and injected material.It can be also observed that for each material injected there is a difference of level of wear and damage mechanism between the stamp and the matrix.Surlyn injection exhibited considerable amount of deposits on the mold stamp.It seems that the physico-chemical conditions,created during the injection by this type polymer,favored the adhesion.Also in the case ,the coupling effects of polishing quality,the injected material,adhesion and the lack of the mold feature that evacuates air,tend to form corrosion pits on a mirror polished surface. SAN and PA66GF25 polymers were injected successively on the same mold.The mold surface presented polishing defaults(holes)before injection.The holes were enlarged in the direction perpendicular to the injection flow due to abrasive effect of glass fibers. A critical characterization of the mold surface topography was performed in order to identify the location and the type of defaults that occur when more or less aggressive material were injected in molds with different geometries.All the results provided can be taken into consideration for the design of a “chameleon” coating that can overcome present drawback.注塑模具原理与基本方法译文:与铸铁、钢铁或玻璃工业相比,塑料加工行业相对年轻。因此,它仍有很强的发展潜力。塑料注射工艺目前面临的挑战之一是与产品设计的重要性有关,从而使产品具有很强的差异性。 y与 zh铸 ti铁 、 gng钢 ti铁 hu或 b玻 li璃 gng工 y业 xing相 b比 , s塑 lio料 ji加 gng工 hng行 y业 xing相 du对 nin年 qng轻 。 yn因 c此 , t它 rng仍 yu有 hn很 qing强 de的 f发 zhn展 qin潜 l力 。 s塑 lio料 zh注 sh射 gng工 y艺 m目 qin前 min面 ln临 de的 tio挑 zhn战 zh之 y一 sh是 y与 chn产 pn品 sh设 j计 de的 zhng重 yo要 xng性 yu有 gun关 , cng从 r而 sh使 chn产 pn品 j具 yu有 hn很 qing强 de的 ch差 y异 xng性 。 1. Plastic parts with an increased technical level of surface accuracy are required in the areas of luxury, packaging, automotive, including the medical and optics. Their development involves the improvement of the fabrication process, and one of the keys lies in the mastery of the surface conditions of the molds. 1 在豪华、包装、汽车等医疗和光学领域,要求提高表面精度的塑料件。它们的发展涉及到制造工艺的改进,关键之一是掌握模具的表面条件。 注射成型是一个循环过程,其特征为5个阶段:注射、注射、包装、冷却和脱模,在适当的温度下使用前,机器中所含的原材料必须是纯的和保守的,以便尽可能干燥。这是必要的,以避免在模具内冷凝。注入阶段的特点是高流速,因此高剪切速率(切向效应)。当熔融材料进入模具时,会出现两种传热机理:对流(熔化的材料和模具表面)和粘性耗散(由于注射速度对注入材料粘度的影响)。当填充完成时,模具处于预定压力下,从而开始填充阶段。在这个阶段,熔融的聚合物继续被引入模具,以补偿已经注入的材料在冷却过程中的收缩。在特定的时间之后,整个装配过程中的冷却阶段(与注射和包装阶段开始的冷却状态相反)开始,也就是塑件的凝固过程。当材料固化收缩时在模具,主要是传导传热机理。当零件充分凝固时,就会从模具中排出。在这最后一个阶段,一个正常的效果可以归因于脱模力和模具表面和塑件之间可能发生粘着现象。 2 尽管配置的多样性不可否认,但在组合方面:模具材料、表面光洁度和加工材料,生产商也面临类似的困难。因此,突出的关键缺点,或多或少地结合起来,可以总结如下: jn尽 gun管 pi配 zh置 de的 du多 yng样 xng性 b不 k可 fu否 rn认 ( zi在 z组 h合 fng方 min面 : m模 j具 ci材 lio料 、 bio表 min面 gung光 ji洁 d度 h和 ji加 gng工 ci材 lio料 ) , shng生 chn产 shng商 y也 min面 ln临 li类 s似 de的 kn困 nan难 。 yn因 c此 , t突 ch出 de的 gun关 jin键 qu缺 din点 , hu或 du多 hu或 sho少 de地 ji结 h合 q起 li来 , k可 y以 zng总 ji结 r如 xi下 : 结垢现象需要频繁启停的清洁; ji结 gu垢 xin现 xing象 x需 yo要 pn频 fn繁 q启 tng停 de的 qng清 ji洁 ; 腐蚀现象,极大地限制了模具型腔的寿命作为一种注入聚合物型函数; f腐 sh蚀 xin现 xing象 , j极 d大 d地 xin限 zh制 le了 m模 j具 xng型 qing腔 de的 shu寿 mng命 zu作 wi为 y一 zhng种 zh注 r入 j聚 h合 w物 xng型 hn函 sh数 ; 问题贴和释放功能的注射材料和表面质量; wn问 t题 ti贴 h和 sh释 fng放 gng功 nng能 de的 zh注 sh射 ci材 lio料 h和 bio表 min面 zh质 ling量 ; 保持抛光质量问题; 划痕或冲击使用或贮存过程中。 3 现有文献接近实验和/或数值,关于塑料注射成型过程的各个方面。其中之一是熔融聚合物的填充和流动行为。Bociaga和Jaruga 研究了流的形成,焊缝和焊线通过流动可视化的新方法,它可以在弱的鉴定证明是有益的注射部位。此外,压力和空腔厚度的影响进行了评估。同一主题采用Ozdemir etal。 4 实验比较了熔融HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)和聚乙烯的行为。 在成型过程中,摩擦力首先作用于模具表面和熔融聚合物之间,其次是塑料部分从模具中排出。牛等。 5 调整了ASTM橡胶轮磨损试验,模拟注塑机桶面上玻璃填充聚合物的磨损情况。各种涂层进行了测试,但不幸的是,他们往往有一个弱的性能,由于测试条件。 6 开发了一个原型装置来研究成型热塑性塑料在喷射阶段的摩擦性能。测量的摩擦系数随粗糙度增大而增大。但当粗糙度降低时,由于粘着力的增加,摩擦系数增加。对模具表面和聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚丙烯(PP)塑料件的扫描电子显微镜图像,揭示了模具表面上的部件清楚地复制。 在瞬态过程中,注塑过程不仅涉及到多种传热机理、相变和时变边界条件,而且还涉及到注入部分材料性能和几何形状的影响。zi在 shn瞬 ti态 gu过 chng程 zhng中 , zh注 s塑 gu过 chng程 b不 jn仅 sh涉 j及 do到 du多 zhng种 chun传 r热 j机 l理 、 xing相 bin变 h和 sh时 bin变 bin边 ji界 tio条 jin件 , r而 qi且 hi还 sh涉 j及 do到 zh注 r入 b部 fen分 ci材 lio料 xng性 nng能 h和 j几 h何 xng形 zhung状 de的 yng影 xing响 。 B e n d a d a e t a l 。 7 performed a study to evaluate the nature of thermal contact between polymer and mold through the different phases of a typical injection cycle. Their findings concluded that the thermal contact resistance was not negligible, not co
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