2014交大英语

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1、2014年西安交通大学专业学位研究生试题 考试课程专业学位名称考试班级学号姓名 Time Allowed: 150 MIN.Part I Vocabulary (15)Directions: In this section there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. “Tr

2、y it just once again,” hed say, and I would put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and again _D_ milky substancea phenomenon of maladjustment. A. lacteal B. lenient C. stern D. nebulous2. From those who are able to _A_ love long enough to get married, only 50 percent stay ma

3、rried. A. sustain B. surpass C. surmount D. survive3. To practice listening without offering any _C_ comments or solutions is, however, a big step. A. interesting B. inviting C. invalidating D. validating4. Obviously, the intent was to _A_ him as quickly as possible and to keep him as dependent as p

4、ossible.A. cripple B. enable C. triple D. cuss5. Oh, it is not all that _D_ an act. Those in bed need only look up in order to discover me. A. exorbitant B. sacred C. unsolicited D. furtive6. “Every morning he orders _B_ eggs for breakfast, and instead of eating them, he picks up the plate and throw

5、s it against the wall.”A. pruned B. scrambled C. shrieked D. spun7. Today an older and _D_ sense of what we should do may conflict with a new one.A. narcissistic B. nonjudgmental C. neurotic D. ingrained 8. The adult who has _C_ pain on an innocent, who has cheated, lied, stolen, to get ahead of ano

6、thereach of us has listwakes up in the middle of the night and remembers it. A. slain B. gulped C. inflicted D. shepherded9. In 1913, Astronomer Vesto Melvin Slipher of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz., discovered galaxies that were A_ from the earth at extraordinarily high speeds, up to 2

7、 million mph.A. receding B. concocting C. jostling D. shrouding10. I confess that avoiding gridlock and _C_ rates are the real motives behind this behavior. A. residual B. profane C. extortionate D. bustling 11. It is easier to be reflective and to _ such small moments when one is far from home, and

8、 the winter weather and short days can shape rather than limit the experience. A. unfurlB. savor C. tangle D. conspire12. My concerns are not on religious grounds or on the basis of a perceived _D_ ethical principle. A. hypotheticalB. homosexual C. unscrupulous D. intrinsic 13. After public protest,

9、 _B_ by publications such as the Ladies Home Journal, a federal act was passed in 1906. A. obliterated B. championed C. scaled D. relished14. A plaque outside the entrance to the chapel _ the reburial.A. depicts B. strolls C. scuttles D. commemorates15. One can only _A_ at the state of this “souveni

10、r”, which proceeded to pass through various hands until in 1960, exactly 300 years later, the head was secretly buried somewhere in Sidney Sussex College, on Sidney Street, which, Oliver Cromwell had attended.A. shudder B. recast C. roam D. Overpower Part II Cloze (10)Directions: Read the following

11、passage and fill in the blanks by choosing the best word among the four choices. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.IS DIVERSIFICATION DEAD?With the worlds major economies 16 A moving in sync these days, many economists argue that the 17 C no longer makes sense for businesses

12、and investors. After all, why put your eggs in lots of baskets if all the baskets 18 D at the same time?But others contend that while the worlds major economies are certainly more 19 than they used to be, were far from the point where they all move in unison. 20 factors, they say, still affect local

13、 economic conditions. And diversification can exist if investors look at it beyond geographic 21 .“The linkages are growing,” says Kenneth Rogoff, chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, “so the 22 of it raining in three places at once go up. But that doesnt mean that every time it rains

14、 in one place, it rains everywhere else.”Still, theres no denying that globalization has changed the way companies and investors think about diversification.When the German economy used to 23 , Robert Salzl, the head of a German company that leases airplanes and operates a hotel chain, would find pr

15、ofits in Asia or the U.S. to 24 losses at home. But with economies now more connected, thats not so easy.“In the past, there were always strong regional markets you could 25 into,” says Mr. Salzl, chief executive of Munish-based Arabella Hotel Holding AG. “Now, its difficult to find any market that

16、has strength.”16. A. seeminglyB. quicklyC. rapidlyD. increasingly17. A. aim B. standard C. strategyD. study18. A. turn off B. turn away C. turn down D. turn upside down19. A. assigned B. aligned C. alert D. awful20. A. Foreign B. National C. International D. Local21. A. terms B. semesters C. vocabul

17、ary D. grammar22. A. peculiarities B. reliabilities C. odds D. responsibilities23. A. pour B. sour C. occur D. concur24. A. offset B. offer C. offend D. outperform25. A. come B. enter C. shift D. exchangePart III Reading Comprehension (40)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some qu

18、estions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 26 to 64 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Exquisitely adapted for life in one of Earths har

19、shest environments, polar bears can survive for 20 years or more on the Arctic Circles glacial ice. At home in a waste where temperatures reach minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit, these largest members of the bear family are a striking example of natural selection at work. With two layers of fur over a sub

20、cutaneous (皮下) layer of fat, polar bears are well adapted to resist heat loss. Their broad, snowshoe-like paws and sharp, curved claws enable them to traverse the ice with ease. Formidable hunters, these monarchs of the icy waste even possess the capacity to scent prey from a distance of 20 miles.Pa

21、ssage 2Top predator of the arctic ecosystem, the polar bear preys on beluga whales, narwhals, muskoxen, walruses, hares, geese, and seals. In the mid-twentieth century this fearsome killer became the prey of even more deadly killers, trophy hunters and commercial hide hunters who came close to decim

22、ating the polar bear population. For a time, the 1973 signing of the international Polar Bear Agreement, which prohibited the capture and killing of polar bears and protected their habitats, reduced the danger of polar bear extinction. Today, however, polar bears face a new threat, as increasing arc

23、tic pollution endangers their environment with chemical toxins.26. In the final sentence of Passage 1, “capacity” most nearly means _A_.A. ability B. stature C. quantity D. intelligence27. Unlike Passage 2, Passage 1 is concerned primarily with the _D_. A. harsh living conditions in the Arctic Circl

24、e B. mechanics of natural selection C. increasing decline of the polar bear population D. physical characteristics of polar bears28. Unlike the author of Passage 1, the author of Passage 2 does which of the following?AA. proposes a solution B. explains a studyC. quotes an authority D. establishes a

25、time frame29. Which generalization about polar bears is supported by both passages?CA. They are threatened by other predators. B. They are well adapted to a changing environment.C. They are notable predators.D. They move at a rapid rate.Questions 3033 are based on the following passage.Passage 3The

26、following passage is taken from Jane Austens novel Persuasion. In this excerpt we meet Sir Walter Elliot, father of the heroine.Vanity was the beginning and end of Sir Walter Elliots character: vanity of person and of situation. He had been remarkably handsome in his youth, and at fifty-four was sti

27、ll a very fine man. Few women could think more of their personal appearance than he did, nor could the valet (男仆) of any new-made lord be more delighted with the place he held in society. He considered the blessing of beauty as inferior only to the blessing of a baronetcy （男爵爵位）; and the Sir Walter

28、Elliot, who united these gifts, was the constant object of his warmest respect and devotion. His good looks and his rank had one fair claim on his attachment, since to them he must have owed a wife of very superior character to anything deserved by his own. Lady Elliot had been an excellent woman, s

29、ensible and amiable, whose judgment and conduct, if they might be pardoned the youthful, foolish passions which made her Lady Elliot, had never required indulgence afterwards. She had humored, or softened, or concealed his failings, and promoted his real respectability for seventeen years; and thoug

30、h not the very happiest being in the world herself, had found enough in her duties, her friends, and her children, to attach her to life, and make it no matter of indifference to her when she was called on to quit them. Three girls, the two eldest sixteen and fourteen, was an awful legacy for a moth

31、er to bequeath（遗赠）, an awful charge rather, to confide to the authority and guidance of a conceited, silly father. She had, however, one very intimate friend, a sensible, deserving woman, who had been brought, by strong attachment to herself, to settle close by her, in the village of Kellynch; and o

32、n her kindness and advice Lady Elliot mainly relied for the best help and maintenance of the good principles and instruction which she had been anxiously giving her daughters. This friend and Sir Walter did not marry, whatever might have been anticipated on that head by their acquaintance. Thirteen

33、years had passed away since Lady Elliots death, and they were still near neighbors and intimate friends, and one remained a widower, the other a widow. 30. According to the passage, Sir Walter Elliots vanity centered on his_D_.I. physical attractiveness II. possession of a titleIII. superiority of c

34、haracterA. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II, and III 31. The narrator speaks well of Lady Elliot for all of the following EXCEPT_A_.A.her concealment of Sir Walters shortcomingsB.her choice of an intimate friendC.her guidance of her three daughtersD.her judgment in falling in love with Sir W

35、alter32. It can be inferred that over the years Lady Elliot was less than happy because of_D_. A.her lack of personal beautyB.the disparity between her character and that of her husbandC.the inferiority of her place in societyD.her inability to teach good principles to her wayward daughters33. Lady

36、Elliots emotions regarding her approaching death were complicated by her_D_.A.anxieties over her daughters prospectsB.resentment of her husbands potential remarriageC.lack of feeling for her conceited husbandD.reluctance to face the realities of her situationQuestions 3437 are based on the following

37、 passage.Passage 4Global warming is causing more than 300, 000 deaths and about $ 125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyz

38、ed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from

39、 some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr.

40、, a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from

41、 the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawe

42、d (有瑕疵的).”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December

43、to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the

44、 heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.34. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum? BA. Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B. Rates of death from illnesses

45、 have risen due to global warming.C. Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D. Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.35. What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage? AA. It caused a big stir in developing countries.B. It was warmly

46、received by environmentalists.C. It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.D. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.36. What is Soren Andreasens view of the report? DA. Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B. It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics

47、are closely examined.C. It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.37. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? DA. How human and economic losses from climate change ca

48、n be reduced.B. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.C. How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D. How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.Questions 38 to 41 are based on the following passage.Passag

49、e 5Youre in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a monthno wonder that one in four Americans cant afford to fill their prescriptions. The

50、solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why cant we?” Even to whisper that thought p

51、rovokes anger. “Un-American!” And-the propagandists trump card (王牌)“Wreck our brilliant healthcare system.” Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up. Common s

52、ense tells you thats a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no ones going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industrys profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the Am

53、erican dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients cant afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on todays level of care? Measured by saved lives, the

54、latter is almost certainly the better course. To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the

55、Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more well find. But I havent heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying c

56、ross border.Most users of prescription drugs dont worry about costs a lot. Theyre sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live. This group will still include middle-incom

57、e seniors on Medicare, wholl have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.38. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.? AA. A quarter of Americans cant afford their prescription drugs.B. Many Americans cant

58、 afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C. Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D. The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.39. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaring drug prices by _D_.A. encouraging people t

59、o buy prescription drugs onlineB. extending medical insurance to all its citizensC. importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD. exercising price control on brand-name drugs40. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy? BA. Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in

60、 America.B. High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C. Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D. High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases. 41. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits? CA. Labeling drugs bought

61、from Canada as being fakes.B. Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C. Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D. Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Questions 42 to 45 are based on the following passage.Passage 6Our culture has ca

62、used most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign