2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge （大杂烩）of environmental claims inhale by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German

2、fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funde

3、d by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fie

4、lder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products such as detergent ins

5、ect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or t

6、oo misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second

7、 with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. he said.The ISO labeling standards can vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmental

8、ly friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO”, said page.1.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that（ ）.2.As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumer

9、s（ ）.3.A study was carried out by Britains NCC to（ ）.4.What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to（ ）.问题1选项A.all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB.consumers

10、 would believe many of the manufactures claimC.the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingD.few products actually prove to be environment friendly问题2选项A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with green label

11、ingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment问题3选项A.examine claims made by products against ISO standardsB.inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buyC.

12、find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standardsD.revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization问题4选项A.They are likely to lead to serious environmental problemsB.Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the falseC.They could arouse widesp

13、read anger among consumerD.Consumers will be tempted to buy products they dont need问题5选项A.warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsB.see all household products meet environmental standardsC.make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsD.verify the efforts of non-polluting products【答案

14、】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是 “NCC最不能忍受的是什么？”文章第二段提到“报道中不能让人忍受的是德国蚯蚓之友化肥，无污染面粉，还有英国的环境友好厕纸”（Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”），即不能忍受这些宣传，原因在第七段：近2000种产品并没有像他们标

15、榜的那样对环境无害，很多都不符合ISO的标准（Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards），由此可知，上面的那些宣传在虚假夸大，选项C “产品的宣传经常很模糊或者带有欺骗性”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是消费者的反映。文章第四段提到“尽管现在很多产品的宣传都很美好，但是需要清楚的是消费者仍然无法知道他们买的产品对于环境的影响

16、有多大”（While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy），选项D“仍然不知道不同产品对环境的影响”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到了NCC做这个调查的目的：用ISO的标准来检测一些特定的产品，比如杀虫剂，探究这些产品的说明是否符合标准（The report foc

17、used on claims made by specific products such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999），选项A符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到“如此高的数字表明消费者很难从这些误导人的产品

18、中分辨出正确的产品”（The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading），选项B“消费者很难分清真伪”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我们现在正在推动让跨国公司达到ISO的标准”（What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO），选项C“让产品标签符合ISO的标准”符

19、合题意。2. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in

20、marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importa

21、nce for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field-in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix,

22、 marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in today

23、s competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its cust

24、omers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往

25、具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品

26、和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。3. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.took apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he m

27、ade in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical “匀称的，对称的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；compatible “兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious “和谐的， 和睦的”。句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题There are several possible explanations for the

28、 great job （ ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States.问题1选项A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。creativity创造性；security安全性；credibility确实性；stability稳定性。句意：与美国巨大的工作流动性相比，日本的工作稳定性高是有一些合理的解释的。根据下文的mobility可推测，两者形成对比，所以选项D正确。6. 单选题Between 1974 and 1997,

29、the number of overseas visitors expanded （ ）27%.问题1选项A.byB.forC.toD.in【答案】A【解析】介词辨析题。expand by“增加了”；expand for“扩展为”；expand to“增加到”；expand in“在中增加”。句意：在1974年到1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27%。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题All parts of this sewing machine are （ ）so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.问题1选项A.mechan

30、izedB.minimizedC.modernizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。由it is very simple to get replacements（替换很简单）可推测All parts of this sewing machine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。8. 单选题On Oc

31、tober 11th, 1994, John Forbes Nash, Jr. won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in game theory.Nash began his Ph.D. at Princeton in 1948 when he was just 20. While he was still only 21, lie wrote a 27-page doctoral dissertation on game theory (博弈论)the mathematics of competition. The great John von N

32、euman, then at Princeton, had treated win-lose competitions. Now Nash showed how to construct mathematical situations in which both sides won. He found stable situations where no person continues to profit from competition.Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoretic

33、al economists. They turned game theory into a tool. This young genius had succeeded.He went on to MIT and for eight years greatly impressed the mathematical world. He worked in economics. He even invented the game of Hex, marketed by parker Brothers. He married in 1957. New York Times writer Silvia

34、Nasar tells how Fortune Magazine singled him out in July 1958 as Americas brilliant young star of the “new mathematics”. Everything was going smoothly.Then, disaster! Mental illness overtook him. Hed once astonished mathematicians with his unlikely results. Now his results stopped making sense, and

35、the dividing line wasnt clear at first. He began looking for secret messages in numbers.Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge. Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husbands collapse! The marriage ended, but she housed him

36、, back in Princeton.For 25 years, mental illness controlled John Nash. It was in the mid-1980s that Nash at last learned to manage his illness and, once again, he could do mathematics. Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points bac

37、k to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.1.Nash won the Nobel Prize（ ）.2.The word “They” (Para.3) refers to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true?4.Why do you think Nash made his achievement in the field of mathematics but was honored with the Nobel Prize

38、 for economics instead?5.The purpose of this article might be（ ）.问题1选项A.for pioneering work in establishing a theoryB.for combining mathematics with economicsC.for greatly impressing the mathematical world for 8 yearsD.for his merit问题2选项A.theoretical economistsB.Nash and his colleaguesC.Nash and oth

39、er scientistsD.competitors问题3选项A.Nashs wife divorced him, but gave him a house as a gift.B.Nashs wife agreed that her pregnancy contributed to Nashs mental collapse.C.The author thinks its right to blame Nashs wife for his mental collapse.D.The author thinks its unfair to blame Nashs wife for his me

40、ntal collapse.问题4选项A.Because his game theory drew the attention of theoretical economists.B.Because his game theory has become a staple tool of business and economics.C.Because he turned his game theory into a tool.D.Because Nash was an economist.问题5选项A.to tell a story of a mathematics geniusB.to de

41、pict a mathematics geniusC.to tell the readers about John Forbes Nash. Jr.D.to tell how Nash conquered his mental illness【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“John Forbes Nash, Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。第2题:语义题。根据第三段的内容“Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attentio

42、n of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoretical economists”。所以选项A正确。第3题:判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The marriage ended, but she housed him, back in Princeton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psychol

43、ogists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husbands collapse! ”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思是

44、说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的 研究成果。最后，Nash获得了

45、诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。9. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.suffe

46、redD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。survive “幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer “遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Neglect has accelerated the process of this buildings （ ）?问题1选项A.declineB.egenerationC.decayD.wither【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。decline下降，衰退；degeneration退化，恶化；decay衰减，衰败，腐烂；withe

47、r枯萎，凋谢。句意：疏忽大意加速了这座建筑物的衰败。选项C更符合语境。11. 单选题We must get the trapped victims out at once because the building is in （ ）danger of an explosion.问题1选项A.opaqueB.vividC.muteD.imminent【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。opaque不透明的，迟钝的；vivid生动的；mute沉默的，无声的；imminent即将来临的，迫近的。句意：我们必须立即把被困的受害者救出来，因为这个建筑有马上要爆炸的危险。所以选项D正确。12. 单选题Geor

48、ge （ ）an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the tests.问题1选项A.underwentB.withstoodC.bakedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。underwent经验，遭遇；withstood抵挡，经得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。句意：George遭受了48小时的煎熬只为等待测试结果。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题He is quite sure that its （ ）impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.问题1选项

49、A.absolutelyB.exclusivelyC.fullyD.roughly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析题。absolutely绝对地，完全地；exclusively唯一地，专有地；fully充分地，彻底地；roughly粗糙地，概略地。句意：他很确定他绝对不可能在两天内完成这个任务。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Under normal circumstances the body can （ ）these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.问题1选项A.convertB.renderC.deriveD.originate【答案】A

50、【解析】动词辨析题。convert转化，转变；render致使，提供；derive源于，获得；originate发源，发生。句意：在正常情况下，身体可以将这些自然产生的物质转化为维生素。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be （ ）to work hard, with the result that tax revenues might actually shrink问题1选项A.cultivatedB.licensedC.motivatedD.innovated【答案】C【解析】考查形容

51、词词义辨析。cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Mr. Green has recently been（ ） to director of the presidents office.问题1选项A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。push “推”；purchase “购买”；promote “提升”；promise “

52、承诺”。句意：格林先生最近升任为董事长办公室主任了。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题Every month 3 is （ ）from our salary for house repairing payment.问题1选项A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exclude “排除，排斥”；expel “开除，逐出”；compel “迫使，强迫”；dock “扣除”。句意：每个月会从我们的工资中扣除3元作为房屋维修基金。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new ge

53、neration is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （ ）as

54、 if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题The lawyer advised him to drop the （ ）, since he stands little chance to win.问题1选项A.eventB.incidentC.caseD.affair【答案】C【解析】同义词辨析题。和上一题一样，四个词是近义词，根据句意：律师劝他放弃这个案子，因为他赢的机会很小。由此可知，这里指的是案件，所以选项C更恰当。