考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考前自测提分卷58(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Your latest project has little（ ）of success.问题1选项A.predictionB.prophecyC.prospectD.preview【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。prediction意为“预测，预报”；prophecy意为“语言”；prospect意为“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意为“试映，预演”。句意：你最近的项目几乎没有成功的希望。2.单选题In the United States, the

2、need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s

3、, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United states were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl, whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient f

4、orest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992.Similar tensions exist betw

5、een the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing so ra

6、pidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes, to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness. The destruction of Earths ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process

7、 of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting Earths biological diversity is a complex problem. But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only throug

8、h coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.1.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?2.According to the passage, the preservatio

9、n of rain forests （ ）.3.Among humanitys current problem, the chief concern of the scientist is（ ）.4.The authors purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B.Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C.Because it

10、 affects the interests of certain groups of people.D.Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.问题2选项A.may hamper a developing country in its tight against povertyB.benefits developed countries rather than developing countriesC.should take priority over the control of human

11、 populationD.will help improve the living conditions in developing countries问题3选项A.the impoverishment of developing countriesB.the explosion of the human populationC.the reduction of biological diversityD.the effect of global warming问题4选项A.to describe the difficulties in solving humanitys current pr

12、oblemsB.to point out the different views on humanitys current problemsC.to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanitys current problemsD.to present that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一

13、段中的The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.（这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来）可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing s

14、o rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.（但是，随着人口快速增长，开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化，发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗）可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Many of the changes, to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness

15、.（对地球而言，许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性）可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.（但是，解决人

16、类当前的问题，只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口，稳定大气层的组成，并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网）可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。3.单选题People cannot but （ ）puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.问题1选项A.feelB.feelingC.to feelD.having felt【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。cannot but do sth. 意为“不得不做某事，禁不住做某事”，but

17、后面接动词原形，因此选A。句意：人们情不自禁地感到困惑，因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。4.单选题What impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many people are worried about the supposed ill effects caused by（1）from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of（2） evidence of any harm. But evidence for the（3） effects of mobi

18、le phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systematic review（4） by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the（5） of health care. These uses（6） three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct be

19、nefits to patients by（7） text-messaging into treatment regimes. The study,（8） by Vodafone, the worlds largest mobile operator, was published this week.Using texting to（9） efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several（10） carried out in England have found that the use of

20、text-messaging reminders（11） the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appointments（12）33-50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would（13）annual savings of about 256m-364m.Text messages are also being used to（14）pat

21、ients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had（15） satisfying results though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients.Text messa

22、ges can also be a good way to disseminate public-health information,（16） to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are（17） . Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organizati

23、ons strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mall to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio.Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment re

24、gime. These involve sending reminders to patients to take their medicine at the fight time, or to encourage（18） with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr. Rifat. More quantitative research is needed

25、which is（19） his team also published three papers this week associated with the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written（20）Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenager

26、s treatment was carried out with text messaging.问题1选项A.radiationB.rationC.mediationD.magnetism问题2选项A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.fabulous问题3选项A.beneficiaryB.profitableC.beneficentD.beneficial问题4选项A.were carried outB.are carried outC.carried outD.are being carried out问题5选项A.deliveryB.postC.trans

27、portationD.circulation问题6选项A.fall intoB.fallen intoC.are fallen intoD.falling into问题7选项A.incorporationB.incorporatedC.incorporatingD.incorporate问题8选项A.paidB.fundedC.madeD.given问题9选项A.stimulateB.boostC.correctD.reduce问题10选项A.effortsB.tryingC.trialsD.attempts问题11选项A.increasesB.improvesC.reducesD.deduc

28、es问题12选项A.byB.atC.toD.for问题13选项A.add upB.accustom toC.come toD.contribute to问题14选项A.remindingB.remindC.be remindedD.reminder问题15选项A.fairlyB.considerablyC.comparativelyD.equally问题16选项A.largelyB.slightlyC.speciallyD.particularly问题17选项A.availableB.unavailableC.accessibleD.unaccessible问题18选项A.denialB.re

29、fusalC.complianceD.complexity问题19选项A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.how问题20选项A.in the company ofB.in comparison withC.in contrast withD.in conjunction with【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:D第16题:D第17题:B第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）考查名词辨析。radiation意为“辐射”；ration意为“配给

30、量，定量”；mediation意为“调停，调解”；magnetism意为“磁性，磁力”。此处表示“来自手机与基站的辐射”，因此选A。（2）考查形容词辨析。incredible意为“不可思议的”；credible意为“可靠的，可信的”；credulous意为“轻信的，易受骗的”；fabulous意为“极好的，极妙的”。此处表示“尽管缺乏可靠的证据表明有任何伤害”，因此选B。（3）考查形容词辨析。beneficiary意为“受封的，臣服的”；profitable意为“有益的，有利可图的”，主要指在金钱方面有利可图的；beneficent意为“行善的，慈善的”；beneficial意为“有利的，有益

31、的”，指对健康、身心或事业有益。此处表示“手机对健康的有益证据”，因此选D。（4）考查分词作定语。carry out意为“实施，执行，进行”，carry out是主语a systematic review（系统性调查）的承受者，再根据空格后面的by，可知此处表示被动关系，故用carry out的过去分词，因此选C。（5）考查名词辨析。delivery意为“传送，递送”；post意为“邮政，邮递”；transportation意为“运送，运输”；circulation意为“流通”。此处表示“提供医疗保健”，因此选A。（6）考查谓语动词。分析句子结构，主语为These uses，宾语为three

32、categories，缺少谓语，B、D选项为现在分词，是非谓语动词，故排除；此处表示“短信的用途分为三种”，不需要用被动语态，故排除C选项，因此选A。（7）考查介词用法。incorporate意为“将包括在内，包含”。空格前的by为介词，介词后面接动名词，因此选C。（8）考查动词辨析。pay意为“付款，支付”；fund意为“为提供资金，拨款给”；make意为“做，制造”；give意为“给”。此处表示“这项研究由Vodafone资助”，因此选B。（9）考查动词辨析。stimulate意为“刺激”；boost意为“促进，提高”；correct意为“改正，纠正”；reduce意为“减少”。此处表示“

33、使用短信提高效率”，因此选B。（10）考查词义辨析。effort意为“努力，尝试”；trying意为“试图，想要”；trial意为“（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，测试”；attempt意为“企图，试图”。此处表示“在英国进行的几次测试发现”，因此选C。（11）考查动词辨析。increase意为“增加，增大”；improve意为“提高”；reduce意为“减少”；deduce意为“推论，推断”。此处表示“减少26-39%的人错过与家庭医生的预约”，因此选C。（12）考查介词辨析。此处的and the number of missed hospital appointments 32 33-50

34、%与前面的the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%为并列关系，因此也用by，表示相差的程度。（13）考查词组辨析。add up意为“相加，加起来”；accustom to意为“适应，习惯于”；come to意为“涉及，共计，苏醒”；contribute to意为“帮助，贡献”。此处表示“每年将节省共计约256万至364万英镑”，因此选C。（14）考查动词不定式。remind意为“提醒，使想起”，空格前面的to为不定式，后面接动词原形，因此选B。（15）考查副词辨析。fairly意为“适当，相当地”；consi

35、derably意为“相当，非常”；comparatively意为“比较上，相对地”；equally意为“平等地，同样地，相等地”。此处表示“在美国、挪威和瑞典的类似计划，取得了令人同样地满意的结果”，因此选D。（16）考查副词辨析。largely意为“在很大程度上，主要地”；slightly意为“轻微地，轻轻地”；specially意为“特别地”，指事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途；particularly意为“尤其，特别”，指与同类事物不同的个别事物。此处表示“尤其是传播给那些其他方式难以接触的人群”，因此选D。（17）考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”；unavail

36、able意为“难以获得的，不能利用的”；accessible意为“易接近的”；unaccessible意为“难以接近的”。此处表示“或者在没有其他通信手段的发展中国家”，因此选B。（18）考查名词辨析。denial意为“否认，否定”；refusal意为“拒绝”；compliance意为“顺从，遵从”；complexity意为“复杂性，难以理解的局势”。此处表示“鼓励患者遵守锻炼计划”，因此选C。（19）考查逻辑关系。此处表示“这就是为什么”，因此选A。（20）考查词组辨析。in the company of意为“在的陪同下”；in comparison with意为“与相比，与比较而言”；in

37、 contrast with意为“与相比，对照”；in conjunction with意为“与共同，连同，与协力”。此处表示“Victoria Franklin和 Stephen Greene共同完成”，因此选D。5.单选题David likes country life and has decided to （ ）farming.问题1选项A.go in forB.go through withC.go back onD.go along with【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。go in for意为“从事，喜欢”；go through with意为“完成，把进行到底”；go back o

38、n意为“违背，背弃”；go along with意为“赞同，接受，服从”。句意：大卫喜欢乡村生活，并决定从事耕作。6.单选题Marys mother had to （ ）her dress because Mary is growing so tall.问题1选项A.let offB.let goC.let outD.let loose【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。let off意为“让下车，引爆”；let go意为“放开，释放，发射”；let out意为“泄露，放大，出租”；let loose意为“释放，放出，放任”。句意：玛丽的母亲不得不把玛丽的衣服改大，因为玛丽长得很高。7.单选题Th

39、e country is now undergoing an economic （ ）in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.问题1选项A.flourishB.accessionC.sanctionD.recession【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。8.单选题Th

40、e （ ）of our trip to Washington was the visit to the White House.问题1选项A.climateB.extremityC.maximunD.novel【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。climate意为“气候”；extremity意为“末端，端点，尽头”；maximun意为“最大值，最大”；novel意为“小说”。句意：我们华盛顿之行的最后一站是参观白宫。9.单选题They consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account

41、for an improvement in the standard of living or,（ ）, do much to protect our diminishing resources.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。incidentally意为“偶然，附带地”；actually意为“实际上”；alternatively意为“(引出第二种选择或可能的建议) 要不，或者”；accordingly意为“因此，于是”。句意：他们认为这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能提高人们的生活水平或者能保护我们日益减少的资源是值得怀疑的。10.单选题I phoned him this morning, but when I said who I was, he（ ）.问题1选项A.rang upB.hung upC.shut downD.shut up【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ring up意为“打电话”；hang up意为“挂断电话”；shut down意为“关闭，停业”；shut up意为“安静，闭嘴”。句意：我今天早上给他打了电话，但当我告诉他我是谁时，他挂断了电话。